Jewish Losses during the Holocaust: By Country
Before theNazi takeover of power in 1933, Europe had a vibrant and mature Jewish culture. By 1945, most European Jews—two out of every three—had been killed.
When attempting todocument numbers of victims of theHolocaust, the single most important thing to keep in mind is that no one master list of those who perished exists anywhere in the world. The estimates of today might rise or fall as new documents are discovered or as historians arrive at a more precise understanding of events.
The best estimates for Jewish losses country by country are offered below. All figures are estimates and subject to change with the discovery of new documentation.
Albania
Jewish population in 1937: approximately 200
Deaths: unknown
Austria
Jewish population ofAustria in 1938: 185,026
Deaths: 65,459
Belgium
Jewish population ofBelgium in 1939: 90,000
Deaths: 24,387
Bulgaria
Jewish population ofBulgaria in 1937: 50,000
Deaths: unknown
Czechoslovakia
Jewish population ofCzechoslovakia in 1921: 354,000
Deaths: 260,000
Sudetenland
Jewish population in 1939: 2,363
Deaths: at least 360
Bohemia-Moravia
Jewish population in 1930: 117,551
Deaths: 77,297
Slovakia
Jewish population in 1940: 88,951
Deaths: approximately 60,000
Hungarian-occupied Southern Slovakia andSubcarpathian Rus
Jewish population in 1939: 142,000–148,000
Deaths: 114,000–120,000
Denmark
Jewish population ofDenmark in 1937: 7,500
Deaths: 52–116
Estonia
Jewish population ofEstonia in 1937: 4,500
Deaths: 963
France
Jewish population ofFrance in 1937: 300,000–330,000
Deaths: 72,900–74,000
Germany
Jewish population ofGermany in 1939: 237,723
Deaths: 165,200
Greece
Jewish population ofGreece in 1941: 71,611
Deaths: 58,800–65,000
Bulgarian-Occupied Thrace
Deaths: 4,221
Hungary
Jewish population ofHungary in 1937: 490,621
Deaths: 297,621
Hungary (borders of 1941)
Jewish population: 825,007
Deaths: 564,507
Italy
Jewish population ofItaly in 1938: 58,412
Jewish population in German-occupied Italy: approximately 43,000
Deaths: 7,858
Latvia
Jewish population ofLatvia in 1939: 93,479
Deaths: 70,000
Lithuania
Jewish population ofLithuania in 1937: 153,000
Deaths: 130,000
Luxembourg
Jewish population ofLuxembourg in May 1940: 3,500–5,000
Deaths: 1,200
Netherlands
Jewish population of theNetherlands in May 1940: 140,245
Deaths: 102,000
Norway
Jewish population ofNorway in April 1940: approximately 1,800
Deaths: at least 758
Poland
Jewish population ofPoland in 1937: 3,350,000
Deaths: 2,770,000–3,000,000
Romania
Jewish population ofRomania in 1930: 756,930
Deaths: 211,214–260,000
Hungarian-occupied Northern Transylvania
Deaths: 90,295
Bessarabia and Bukovina
Jewish population in 1930: 314,000
Jewish population in 1941: 185,000
Deaths: 103,919–130,000
Soviet Union
Jewish population of theSoviet Union in 1939: 3,028,538
Deaths: approximately 1,340,000
Yugoslavia
Jewish population ofYugoslavia in 1941: 82,242
Deaths: 67,228
Slovenia (German-occupied)
Jewish population in 1937: 1,500
Deaths: 1,300
Serbia with Banat and Sandžak (German-occupied)
Jewish population in 1937: 17,200
Deaths 15,060
Macedonia (Bulgarian-occupied)
Jewish population in 1941: 7,762
Deaths: 6,982
Pirot, Serbia (Bulgarian-occupied)
Deaths: 140
Albanian-annexed Kosovo
Jewish population in 1937: 550
Deaths: 210
Croatia with Dalmatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina
Jewish population in 1937: 39,400
Deaths: 30,148
Montenegro (German-occupied)
Jewish population in 1937: 30
Deaths: 28
Backa and Baranja (Hungarian-annexed)
Jewish population in 1937: 16,000
Deaths: 13,500
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