Survey Articles (Regional)

Regional

Portugal

By Maria Fernanda Rollo, Ana Paula Pires, Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

Portugal’s participation in the First World War was depicted by its supporters a…

Regional Thematic Articles

Regional Thematic

Art (Portugal)

By Pedro Lapa

The Great War coincided with a period of great changes and conceptions as regard…

Regional Thematic

Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (Portugal)

By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

Establishing the attitude of Portuguese soldiers towards the First World War and…

Regional Thematic

Civil-Military Relations during World War I (Portugal)

By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

Portugal went to war in March 1916 with a government and an army that did not si…

Regional Thematic

Diplomacy (Portugal)

By Pedro Aires Oliveira

The diplomacy of Portugal’s participation in the Great War was largely determine…

Regional Thematic

Disease and Public Health (Portugal)

By Rita Garnel

In recent years, the number of studies on the Portuguese First Republican experi…

Regional Thematic

Film/Cinema (Portugal)

By Tiago Baptista

This article discusses the production and reception of Portuguese and foreign “w…

Regional Thematic

Governments, Parliaments and Parties (Portugal)

By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

Founded in October 1910, the Portuguese Republic was soon mired in turmoil. The …

Regional Thematic

Historiography 1918-Today (Portugal)

By Ana Paula Pires, Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

This article attempts to chart the historiography of the First World War in Port…

Regional Thematic

Labour Movements, Trade Unions and Strikes (Portugal)

By Joana Dias Pereira

This article focuses on the interaction between the development of industrial so…

Regional Thematic

Labour (Portugal)

By Ana Carina Gerardo da Silva Azevedo

This article describes the main characteristics of Portuguese production structu…

Regional Thematic

Literature (Portugal)

By Francisco Miguel Araújo

World War I, the only global conflict in which Portugal participated during the …

Regional Thematic

Making Sense of the War (Portugal)

By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

A latecomer to the war, Portugal underwent a long and divisive debate about whet…

Regional Thematic

Mourning and Cult of the Fallen (Portugal)

By Silvia Correia

Portugal’s participation in the First World War, first in Africa and then on the…

Regional Thematic

Music (Portugal)

By Pedro Félix

This article concerns music production in Portugal during the war years. In orde…

Regional Thematic

Organization of War Economies (Portugal)

By Ana Paula Pires, Maria Fernanda Rollo

This article seeks to analyze the organization of Portugal’s wartime economy. It…

Regional Thematic

Post-war Political Consequences (Portugal)

By Maria Alice Samara

This article will address the key political features in the post-war years of th…

Regional Thematic

Post-war Settlement (Portugal)

By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

Two factors made it especially important for Portugal’s interventionists not onl…

Regional Thematic

Post-war Societies (Portugal)

By Paulo Eduardo Guimarães

High inflation, strikes, labour organization, war profiteering and “moral corrup…

Regional Thematic

Press Censorship (Portugal)

By Noémia Malva Novais

When we think of the press and journalism in Portugal under the First Republic (…

Regional Thematic

Propaganda at Home (Portugal)

By Noémia Malva Novais

Propaganda, like censorship, is legitimized by states at war due to the alleged …

Regional Thematic

Religion (Portugal)

By Maria Lúcia de Brito Moura

World War One represented a turning point in the relationship between churches a…

Regional Thematic

Revolutions (Portugal)

By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

Portugal’s participation in the First World War, never consensual, was marked by…

Regional Thematic

Social Conflict and Control, Protest and Repression (Portugal)

By Joana Dias Pereira

This article analyses the evolution of the repertoire of collective action durin…

Regional Thematic

War Aims and War Aims Discussions (Portugal)

By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

Portugal’s wartime governments never formulated a concrete set of war aims. The …

Regional Thematic

Warfare 1914-1918 (Portugal)

By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

Though safely removed from the main European conflict zones, Portugal was nevert…

Regional Thematic

War Finance (Portugal)

By Luciano Amaral, Álvaro da Silva

Portugal financed the extraordinary expenditures of the First World War in the s…

Regional Thematic

War Losses (Portugal)

By João Moreira Tavares

Many figures have been presented over the years to quantify the human losses tha…

Regional Thematic

Women's Mobilization for War (Portugal)

By Maria Alice Samara

The participation of Portugal in the First World War opened up a very important …

Encyclopedic Entries

Entry

Carnegie, Lancelot

By Bruno J. Navarro

Minister plenipotentiary for England in Lisbon, there was consensus about Lancel…

Entry

Carrier Pigeons (Portugal)

By João Moreira Tavares

Since ancient times, carrier pigeons have been used successfully in various arme…

Entry

Costa, Afonso

By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

Afonso Costa’s name is indelibly attached to Portuguese interventionism. He led …

Entry

Empire

By Erez Manela

World War I was not simply a conflict among European states but a global war of …

Entry

Garcez, Arnaldo

By Carlos Silveira

Arnaldo Garcez was the only official photographer of the Portuguese army on the …

Entry

Lys, Battle of the

By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

What the Portuguese call the Battle of the Lys represented merely the start of O…

Entry

Machado, Bernardino

By Sérgio Neto

Bernardino Machado was the prime minister of Portugal during the July Crisis of …

Entry

Matos, Norton de

By Sérgio Neto

Norton de Matos was minister of war during the first two years of Portuguese par…

Entry

Pais, Sidónio

By Sérgio Neto

The army major and university teacher Sidónio Pais served as the Portuguese mini…

Entry

Portuguese Expeditionary Corps

By Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses

The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps was the most important Portuguese military co…

Entry

Renascença Portuguesa

By Eliana Brites Rosa

The Renascença Portuguesa (1912-1932) was an important cultural movement during …

Entry

Roçadas, José Augusto Alves

By José Luís Assis

José Augusto Alves Roçadas led African pacification campaigns and was a colonial…

Entry

Rosado, Tomás Garcia

By José Luís Assis

Tomás António Garcia Rosado was a Portuguese expeditionary commander and colonia…

Entry

Sousa Lopes, Adriano de

By Carlos Silveira

The painter Adriano de Sousa Lopes was the only official Portuguese war artist i…

Entry

Tamagnini de Abreu e Silva, Fernando

By José Luís Assis

Fernando Tamagnini de Abreu e Silva was a Portuguese general during World War I.…

See Also

Thematic

Bereavement and Mourning

By Manfred Hettling, Tino Schölz

In the modern era, new forms of mourning and meaning-making for fallen soldiers …

Thematic

Colonial Empires after the War/Decolonization

By James E. Kitchen

The First World War saw the colonial empires of France and Britain mobilised to …

Thematic

Imperialism

By Boris Barth

This article focuses on the extent to which imperialism contributed to the outbr…

Thematic

Willingly to War. Public Response to the Outbreak of War

By Jean-Jacques Becker

It may surprise us to learn that some sectors of the European public were in fav…

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