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Regions: Belgium
128 Results

Survey Articles (Regional)

Regional
By Sophie De Schaepdrijver
Belgium, a neutral state, was forced into the First World War by a German ultima…

Regional Thematic Articles

Regional Thematic
By Laurence van Ypersele
World War I claimed the lives of approximately 60,000 Belgian civilians and sold…
This article discusses the war experiences of Belgian soldiers: how did they end…
Regional Thematic
By Jan Naert
At the outbreak of the First World War, the relationship between the civil and m…
Regional Thematic
By Laurence van Ypersele
The scope of the commemorations that developed in Belgium and in the remainder o…
Regional Thematic
By Leen Engelen
This article examines cinema in relation to the First World War in Belgium from …
Regional Thematic
By Antoon Vrints
The First World War had a severe impact on the food supply in occupied Belgium. …
Regional Thematic
By Emmanuel Gerard
The First World War changed the balance of power in Belgium. From a strongly pol…
Regional Thematic
By Nico Wouters
After a promising start, academic historiography of the First World War in Belgi…
Regional Thematic
By Dirk Luyten
The standard of living of Belgian workers declined in the First World War as a c…
The First World War had a decisive, but paradoxical impact on the development of…
Regional Thematic
By Sophie De Schaepdrijver
Belgium’s war literature, in both Dutch (Flemish) and in French, covers differen…
Regional Thematic
By Sophie De Schaepdrijver
Belgium’s war experience was sui generis. The vast majority of Belgians experien…
Regional Thematic
By Anne Godfroid
The Armistice agreement foresaw the occupation of the left bank of the Rhine, th…
Regional Thematic
By Larissa Wegner
This article examines the German occupation of Belgium and Northern France in 19…
Regional Thematic
By Dirk Luyten
As it became clear that the war would last a long time, the German occupying adm…
Regional Thematic
By Dirk Luyten
Belgium had suffered considerable economic losses during the war, which was foug…
Regional Thematic
By Chantal Kesteloot
The end of the First World War marked, to a certain extent, Belgium’s entry into…
Regional Thematic
By Pierre Van Den Dungen
The Belgian press world was turned upside down by the German occupation. Most of…
Regional Thematic
By Christophe Bechet
Following the Treaty of London in 1839, pre-war planning theories in Belgium osc…
Regional Thematic
By Heather Jones
During the First World War, France was faced with creating a system of mass capt…
Regional Thematic
By Bénédicte Rochet
August 1914: “Poor Little Belgium”, martyred by the German invader, became an ef…
Regional Thematic
By Kenneth Bertrams
The invasion and subsequent occupation of most of Belgian territory paralyzed th…
Regional Thematic
By Hubert van Tuyll
Belgium’s war aims were a direct consequence of the way in which the country was…
Regional Thematic
By Tom Simoens
Between August 1914 and November 1918 the Belgian army took part in the First Wo…
Regional Thematic
By Dirk Luyten
The Belgian monetary system evolved dramatically during World War I. The Société…
Regional Thematic
By Benoît Majerus
The Belgian situation was unique in the sense that military losses were relative…
Regional Thematic
By Eliane Gubin, Els Flour, Marie Kympers
Belgium experienced the war in an exceptional position: it never issued a declar…

Encyclopedic Entries

Entry
By Antoon Vrints
A minority of the adherents of the Flemish movement were willing to collaborate …
Albert I, the third king of the Belgians, played a leading role as supreme comma…
On the night of 22-23 April 1918, the Royal Navy attacked the German occupied to…
Entry
By Nicholas Murray
Attrition warfare is the term used to describe the sustained process of wearing …
Entry
By Tom Simoens
This article briefly describes the 320,000 Belgian soldiers of the Great War. Wh…
Louise de Bettignies created an intelligence network for the British in occupied…
Entry
By Christoph Roolf, Thomas L. Gertzen
Moritz von Bissing was born on 30 January 1844, in Bellmannsdorf, Silesia, then …
Entry
By Christine Van Everbroeck
As a Flemish nationalist, August Borms actively collaborated with the Germans du…
Charles de Broqueville, chief of the Belgian government during the First World W…
Entry
By Chantal Kesteloot
The Belgian capital was spared the anguish of combat, but the city suffered four…
Entry
By Cécile Coutin
A technique of concealment and protection, a means to deceive but not kill, camo…
Entry
By Erwan Le Gall
The Battle of Charleroi (21-23 August 1914), in which General Charles Lanrezac’s…
Entry
By James E. Connolly
Collaboration is often associated with the military occupations of the Second Wo…
The Comité national de Secours et d’Alimentation (National Committee for Relief …
From 1914 to 1919, the Commission for Relief in Belgium directed an innovative a…
Entry
By Laurence van Ypersele
Queen Elisabeth was the third queen of the Belgians. Her attitude during the Fir…
Entry
By Christoph Brüll
Eupen-Malmedy is the name given to the two districts that Germany ceded to Belgi…
Entry
By Annika Wilmers
A minority section of the women’s movements opposed World War I and organized th…
Entry
By Antoon Vrints
The German Flamenpolitik during the First World War aimed to instrumentalise the…
Entry
By Christine Van Everbroeck
The First World War engendered a rift within the Flemish movement, with some wis…
Entry
By Miguel A. Lopez
European militaries considered fortifications before the First World War as vita…
Entry
By Piet Veldeman
In 1830, Belgium constituted a Garde Civique or Civic Guard, a national institut…
Entry
By Christoph Roolf
After the German Army had occupied wide areas of Belgium, the “Imperial Governme…
At the start of the First World War, tens of thousands of Germans lived in Belgi…
In 1915 the Germans built an electric fence along the Belgian-Dutch border, cons…
During the invasion and occupation of 1914-1918, German soldiers had sexual rela…
Entry
By Pierre Decock
La Dame Blanche was an intelligence network created in Belgium in 1916. It was e…
Entry
By Jacques Gillen
Although he was a Nobel Prize winner, the name of Henri La Fontaine has somewhat…
Entry
By Vincent Delcorps
A few weeks before his entry in Brussels, on 22 November 1918, Albert I, King of…
Entry
By Sophie De Schaepdrijver
The Marinegebiet on the Belgian coast was the Imperial German Navy’s base for at…
Entry
By Laurence van Ypersele
Adolphe Max, the mayor of Brussels, was known for his peaceful resistance agains…
Entry
By Karla Vanraepenbusch
The inter-allied memorial commemorates the First World War and the fallen, as we…
Entry
By Luc Courtois
After his pastoral letter Patriotisme et endurance, which had a worldwide impact…
Entry
By Guillaume Blondeau
The city of Mons took on great symbolic importance during the Great War. In both…
Entry
By Samuël Kruizinga
During the 19th century, neutrality evolved into a set of legal and political to…
Entry
By Karla Vanraepenbusch
The 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium were the first instalment of the Game…
Entry
By Sophie De Schaepdrijver
Civilians under military occupation in World War One found their existences seve…
Entry
By Sophie De Schaepdrijver
Gabrielle Petit was a secret intelligence agent working for the British General …
Entry
By Geneviève Warland
Accused of refusing to collaborate with the German authorities, the Belgian hist…
Entry
By Xavier Rousseaux
After fifty months of German occupation, a minority of French, and the majority …
Entry
By Journey Steward
Prostitution was considered among the most important societal problems facing ci…
Entry
By Antoine Rivière
Although rape was not usually systematic, it occurred frequently on all fronts d…
Entry
By Larissa Wegner
The rear area was the space behind the front, linking the operational zone with …
Entry
By Michaël Amara
In Belgium, the outbreak of the First World War and subsequent German invasion c…
Entry
By Emmanuel Debruyne
In occupied Belgium and France, citizens opposed the German army with organized …
Entry
By Conan Fischer
The 1923-1925 Ruhr occupation by France and Belgium was triggered when Germany d…
Entry
By Sofya Anisimova, Gwendal Piégais
The Russian Expeditionary Force in France and in Macedonia (“Brigades russes en …
Entry
By Kenneth Bertrams
Industrial tycoon and philanthropist Ernest Solvay transformed the chemical indu…
Entry
By Christine Van Everbroeck
During the war, the Germans created a Flemish university in Ghent. By doing so, …
Rodrigo de Saavedra y Vinent, Marqués de Villalobar was the diplomatic represent…
Entry
By Spencer Jones
The Belgian city of Ypres is synonymous with the First World War. Ypres gave its…
Entry
By Dominiek Dendooven
The Menin Gate in Ypres is the best known of the memorials to the missing in the…

See Also

Thematic
By Günther Kronenbitter
Alliances were an important feature of the international system on the eve of Wo…
Thematic
By Werner Bergmann, Ulrich Wyrwa
The First World War and its direct repercussions in the postwar period (revoluti…
Thematic
By Alan Kramer
The term "atrocity" describes an act of violence condemned by contemporaries as …
Thematic
By Manfred Hettling, Tino Schölz
In the modern era, new forms of mourning and meaning-making for fallen soldiers …
Thematic
By Romain Fathi
The centenary of the First World War has been a catalyst for battlefield tourism…
Thematic
By Chris Kempshall
The First World War centenary saw an emergence of new portrayals of the conflict…
The centenary of the First World War revealed palpable anxieties around a loss o…
Thematic
By Lorna M. Hughes, Ian G. Anderson
The centenary events surrounding the First World War have produced a significant…
Thematic
By Matthew Shaw
Libraries (local, specialist, and national) contributed in numerous and importan…
Thematic
By Andrea Brait
This article discusses how European museums – in particular, national war museum…
Thematic
By Paul Gough
The commemorative period between 2014 and 2018 was marked globally by numerous e…
The First World War saw the colonial empires of France and Britain mobilised to …
Thematic
By Stéphane Tison
The First World War ushered in an unprecedented wave of commemorations. Mass dea…
The idea that World War I was a watershed in gender relations has pervaded both …
Thematic
By Tait Keller
This article examines the First World War’s ecological impact and shows that pro…
Thematic
By Emmanuel Debruyne
During the entire war, warring powers used the “secret war” to try to break the …
Thematic
By Roger Smither
The First World War played a significant role in the evolution of film both as a…
Thematic
By Emmanuelle Cronier
During the First World War, food became a major issue for military and civilian …
Thematic
By Jens Thiel, Christian Westerhoff
This article examines the conditions, forms and consequences of forced labor and…
Thematic
By Torsten Oppelland
One sees a wide range of political regimes from a democratic republic with unive…
Thematic
By Boris Barth
This article focuses on the extent to which imperialism contributed to the outbr…
Thematic
By Anita Ziegerhofer
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919, establishing both the Leagu…
Thematic
By Jean H. Quataert
The article examines international efforts to curb states’ war-making prerogativ…
Thematic
By Steven E. Rowe
Across the major belligerent powers, industrial production and the mobilization …
This article compares the history of labour movements during the war across a ra…
Thematic
By Anita Ziegerhofer
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919, the same day on which the L…
Thematic
By Jo Fox
Claims to “just war” formed the basis for the propaganda campaigns of the First …
After the First World War, the general staffs and military geographers of all th…
Thematic
By André Keil
The discourse about the Great War during the interwar period was shaped by numer…
Thematic
By Leo van Bergen
It is impossible to talk about “the” medical care or “the” medical service of Wo…
What role do representations of the First World War play in media that reach a w…
Many issues surrounding the conduct of war in the years 1914-1918 were imperviou…
Thematic
By Richard Fogarty, Andrew Tait Jarboe
This article examines the use by Great Britain and France of colonial subjects f…
Thematic
By Hilary Roberts
The First World War represents a watershed in the history of war photography. It…
Thematic
By Richard Bessel
The First World War caused unprecedented disruption to societies across the glob…
Thematic
By Eberhard Demm
This article summarizes and compares the principal arguments and strategies of p…
Thematic
By Peter Gatrell
This article addresses the scale of wartime population displacement in continent…
Thematic
By Peter Gatrell
The conduct of warfare in 1914-1918 included extensive population resettlement i…
Thematic
By Claire Morelon
This article deals with the nature of social conflict during the war. The length…
Thematic
By Kimberly A. Redding
This article explores how the anticipation, reality, and memory of sacrifice inf…
A vast array of initiatives designed to counteract the destructiveness of the Fi…
Thematic
By Tammy M. Proctor
This essay examines how the "everyday" functions in war, not only for those on t…
This article offers an overview of peacemaking after the First World War from th…
Thematic
By Mark Connelly
This piece explores the visualisation of violence for home front audiences and s…
Through investigating the pivotal role of honour in private and public matters, …
It may surprise us to learn that some sectors of the European public were in fav…
Thematic
By Stephanie Seul
Female war reporters from belligerent and neutral countries were present in the …

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