z-
( SI prefix ) Abbreviation ofEnglish zepto- ( “ 10−21 ” ) Coordinate term: Z- z-
( computer graphics ) z-axis From EarlyProto-Albanian *dis- [ 1] [ 2]
z-
be- ,to- ,dis- ^ Schumacher, S. & Matzinger, J. Die Verben des Altalbanischen. Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie. Harrassowitz Verlag 2013. Wiesbaden. ^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (2000 ),A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian [1] →ISBN 173-174 z
z-
a prefix, to form perfective verbs a prefix, indicating a change of state z-/ze- inSlovník afixů užívaných v češtině , 2017Coalescence ofProto-Slavic *jьz- Proto-Slavic *sъ-
z-
used to form the perfect aspect of verbs added to verbs in various meanings z-
alternative form ofil- Used after a vowel and before the letterz z-
alternative form ofsi- ,which marks third person ofsi -perfective verbs This form of the affix is used with∅- Coalescence ofProto-Slavic *jьz- Proto-Slavic *sъ-
z-
attached to verbs to form verbs denoting getting something together down from forms perfective verbs from imperfective ones off, out or from Inherited fromProto-Slavic *sъ- ( “ good ” ) .
z-
( chiefly not productive ) forms words with positive meanings Inherited fromOld Polish z-
z-
used before vowels or voiced consonants, sibilants( s, sz, z, ż ) , as well ash and semivowels( j, ł ) to form a verb in a perfective aspect from a verb in an imperfective aspect. z- + decydować zdecydować z- + dzielać zdzielać z- + denerwować zdenerwować z- + gnieść zgnieść z- + hańbić zhańbić z- + irytować zirytować z- + jeść zjeść z- + łamać złamać z- + martwić zmartwić z- + niszczyć zniszczyć z- + orientować zorientować z- + ranić zranić z- + robić zrobić z- + szokować zszokować z- + wiedzić zwiedzić off, out or from z- + jąć ( “ take ” ) → zdjąć ( “ take off ” ) z- + rwać ( “ tear ” ) → zerwać ( “ tear off ” ) z- + pod ( “ under ” ) → spód ( “ bottom ” ) ,spod ( “ from under ” ) attached to verbs to form verbs denoting getting something together z- + brać zebrać z- + prowadzić sprowadzić z- + pisać spisać z- + grać zgrać z- + szyć zszyć z- + łączyć złączyć down from z- + jazda zjazd z- + nosić znosić z- + iść zejść Inherited fromOld Polish z-
z-
( not productive ) forms words with positive meaning z- + część -e szczęście z- + pokój spokój Inherited fromProto-Slavic *jьz- z
z-
together ( verbal prefix denoting joining, gathering, or bringing things together ) z- + isť zísť ( “ to meet up; to come together ” ) z- + lepiť zlepiť ( “ to glue together ” ) z- + miešať zmiešať ( “ to mix together ” ) z- + viazať zviazať ( “ to tie together ” ) down ( verbal prefix denoting movement from top to bottom or from a surface ) z- + isť zísť ( “ to descend; to go down ” ) z- + hodiť zhodiť ( “ to throw down; to drop ” ) z- + liezť zliezť ( “ to climb down ” ) verbal prefix denoting a change of state or the acquisition of a quality z- + blázon -ieť zbláznieť ( “ to go crazy ” ) z- + drahý -ieť zdražieť ( “ to become expensive ” ) z- + vlhký -núť zvlhnúť ( “ to get damp ” ) verbal prefix denoting a change of state caused by an action (factitive/causative) z- + drahý -iť zdražiť ( “ to make more expensive ” ) z- + jemný -iť zjemniť ( “ to soften; to refine ” ) z- + jednoduchý -iť zjednodušiť ( “ to simplify ” ) verbal prefix denoting upward movement, increase in volume, or a sudden flaring up z- + bĺknuť zbĺknuť ( “ to burst into flames ” ) z- + dvihnúť zdvihnúť ( “ to lift up; to raise ” ) z- + volať zvolať ( “ to exclaim; to cry out ” ) ( rare ) verbal prefix denoting a change or deviation in movement z- + bočiť zbočiť ( “ to swerve; to turn aside ” ) verbal prefix used as a delimitative, denoting a brief action, sound, or movement z- + -driemnuť zdriemnuť ( “ to take a nap ” ) z- + hrmieť zhrmieť ( “ to thunder once ” ) z- + výsknuť zvýsknuť ( “ to let out a shriek of joy ” ) verbal prefix denoting a resultative action or the full completion of a process z- + automatický -izovať zautomatizovať ( “ to automate ” ) z- + jesť zjesť ( “ to eat up ” ) z- + mrznúť zmrznúť ( “ to freeze solid ” ) verbal prefix serving as a pure perfective aspect marker z- + miznúť zmiznúť ( “ to disappear (perfective) ” ) z- + desiť zdesiť ( “ to be terrified (perfective) ” ) verbal prefix used redundantly or adding little new meaning to the base verb z- + raniť zraniť ( “ to injure ” ) Peciar, Štefan , editor (1959–1968 ), “z- ”, inSlovník slovenského jazyka [Dictionary of the Slovak Language A – Ž; Doplnky, Dodatky ), Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo SAV,→OCLC FromProto-Slavic *sъ(n) z
z-
Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings: (no change in meaning) z- + budīti ( “ to wake ” ) → zbudīti ( “ to wake ” ) away ,aside ,down z- + téči ( “ to run ” ) → stéči ( “ to run away ” ) up z- + lẹ́sti ( “ to climb ” ) → zlẹ́sti ( “ to climb up ” ) together z- + varīti ( “ to weld ” ) → zvarīti ( “ to weld together ” ) Before voiceless consonants, the variants- s orz , the variantse-
Coalescence ofProto-Slavic *jьz- Proto-Slavic *sъ-
z-
forms perfective verbs from imperfective ones 
