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you

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:You,yóu,yòu,yōu,yǒu,ȝou,andþou

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishyou,yow,ȝow(object case ofye), fromOld Englishēow(you,dative case ofġē), fromProto-West Germanic*iwwi(you,dative case of*jiʀ), fromProto-Germanic*iwwiz(you,dative case of*jīz), the Western form ofProto-Germanic*izwiz(you,dative case of*jūz), fromProto-Indo-European*yúHs(you,plural).

Cognate withScotsyou(you),Saterland Frisianjou(you),West Frisianjo(you),Low Germanjo,joe andoe(you),Dutchjou andu(you),Germaneuch(you),Middle High Germaneu,iu(you,object pronoun),Latinvōs(you),Avestan𐬬𐬋(,you),Ashkunyë̃(you),Kamkata-virišo(you),Sanskritयूयम्(yūyám,you).

See usage notes.Ye,you andyour are cognate withDutchjij/je,jou,jouw;Low Germanji,jo/ju,jug andGermanihr,euch andeuer respectively.Ye is also cognate withDanishI and archaicSwedishI.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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When a word ending in/t/,/d/,/s/, or/z/ is followed byyou, these may coalesce with the/j/, resulting in/tʃ/,/dʒ/,/ʃ/ and/ʒ/, respectively. This is occasionally represented in writing, e.g.gotcha (fromgotyou) orwhatchadoin'? (more formallywhatareyoudoing?).

Pronoun

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you (second person, singular or plural, nominative or objective,possessive determineryour,possessive pronounyours,singular reflexiveyourself,plural reflexiveyourselves)

  1. (object pronoun) Thepeople spoken, or written to, as an object.[from 9th c.]
    Both ofyou should get ready now.
  2. (reflexive pronoun, now US colloquial) (To)yourselves, (to)yourself.[from 9th c.]
  3. (object pronoun) The person spoken to or written to, as anobject. (Replacingthee; originally as a mark of respect.)[from 13th c.]
    • c.1485,Thomas Malory,Le Morte Darthur, Book VIII:
      I chargeyou, as ye woll have my love, that ye warne your kynnesmen that ye woll beare that day the slyve of golde uppon your helmet.
  4. (subject pronoun) Thepeople spoken to or written to, as a subject. (Replacingye.)[from 14th c.]
    You are all supposed to do as I tell you.
  5. (subject pronoun) Theperson spoken to or written to, as asubject. (Originally as a mark of respect.)[from 15th c.]
  6. (object pronoun, colloquial) A person's favoritesportsteam.
    I get that you're from Southeast Michigan, but I'm still surprised that you're a Detroit Lions fan.You have been on the receiving end of losing seasons for a while now.
  7. (indefinite personal pronoun)Anyone,one; anunspecified individual or group ofindividuals (as subject or object).[from 16th c.]
    • 1816 June –1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter II, inFrankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. [], volume II, London: [] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818,→OCLC,page18:
      The ascent is precipitous, but the path is cut into continual and short windings, which enableyou to surmount the perpendicularity of the mountain.
    • 2001 May 5, Polly Vernon,The Guardian:
      You can't choose your family, your lovers are difficult and volatile, but, oh,you can choose your friends - so doesn't it make much more sense to live and holiday with them instead?
  8. (indefinite personal pronoun)Adummy pronoun used in certain constructions, usually with verbs ofreceiving (such asget orfind) orsensing (such assee orhear), typically stating theexistence ortypicality of something.
    You get a lot of rude people in London.
    It was one of those small-town dive barsyou often read about.
    • 1973,Soldiers:
      You find a lot of 'life' in the city but much of it is an act people are putting on.
    • 2018 October 4, Javier Marías,Berta Isla, Penguin UK,→ISBN:
      Youget some terrible bullies in Spanish villages too , and they'll doubtless grow up to be complete oafs.
    • 2018 January 16, Rick Wolff,Secrets of Sports Psychology Revealed: Proven Techniques to Elevate Your Performance, Simon and Schuster,→ISBN:
      You often hear about athletes having the jitters before a game, or having butterflies in their stomach.
Usage notes
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  • Originally,you was specifically plural (indicating multiple people), and specifically the object form (serving as the object of a verb or preposition; likeus as opposed towe). The subject pronoun wasye, and the corresponding singular pronouns werethee andthou, respectively. In some forms of (older) English,you andye doubled as polite singular forms, e.g. used in addressing superiors, withthee andthou being the non-polite singular forms. In the 1600s, some writers objected to the use of "singularyou"[1] (compare objections to the singularthey), but in modern (non-dialect) Englishthee andthou are archaic and all but nonexistent andyou is used for both the singular and the plural.
  • Several forms of English now distinguish singularyou from variousmarked plural forms, such asyou guys,y'all,you-uns, oryouse, though not all of these are completely equivalent or consideredStandard English.
  • The pronounyou is usually, but not always, omitted in imperative sentences. In affirmatives, it may be included before the verb (You go right ahead;You stay out of it); in negative imperatives, it may be included either before thedon't, or (more commonly) after it (Don't you dare go in there;Don't you start now).
  • The pronounyou is also used in an indefinite sense: thegenericyou.
  • SeeAppendix:English parts of speech for other personal pronouns.
Synonyms
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  • (subject pronoun: person spoken/written to):
    yer(UK eye dialect)
    plus the alternative forms and atAppendix:English personal pronouns
  • (subject pronoun: persons spoken/written to; plural):SeeThesaurus:y'all
  • (object pronoun: person spoken/written to):thee(singular, archaic),ye, to you, to thee, to ye
  • (object pronoun: persons spoken/written to):ye, to you, to ye, to you all
  • (one):one,people,they,them
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Belizean Creole:yu
  • Bislama:yu
  • Cameroon Pidgin:you
  • Jamaican Creole:yuh
  • Nigerian Pidgin:yu
  • Sranan Tongo:yu
  • Tok Pisin:yu
  • Torres Strait Creole:yu
Translations
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Seeyou/translations § Pronoun.
See also
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English personal pronouns

Dialectal and obsolete or archaic forms are initalics.

personal pronounpossessive
pronoun
possessive
determiner
subjectiveobjectivereflexive
first
person
singularI
me (colloquial)
memyself
me
mysen
minemy
mine(before vowels, archaic)
me
pluralweusourselves
ourself
oursen
ours
ourn(obsolete outside dialects)
our
second
person
singularstandard
(historically
formal)
youyouyourself
yoursen
yours
yourn(obsolete outside dialects)
your
archaic
(historically
informal)
thoutheethyself
theeself
thysen
thinethy
thine(before vowels)
pluralstandardyou
ye(archaic)
youyourselvesyours
yourn(obsolete outside dialects)
your
colloquialyou all
y'all
you guys
you all
y'all
you guys
y'allselvesall yours
y'all's
you guys'
your guys'
all your
y'all's
your all's(nonstandard)
you guys'
your guys'
informal /
dialectal
(see list of dialectal forms atyou and inflected forms in those entries)
third
person
singularmasculinehehimhimself
hisself(archaic)
hissen
his
hisn(obsolete outside dialects)
his
femininesheherherself
hersen
hers
hern(obsolete outside dialects)
her
neuterit
hit
it
hit
itself
hitself
its
his(archaic)
its
his(archaic)
hits
genderless1theythemthemself,themselvestheirstheir
nonspecific
(formal)
oneoneoneselfone's
pluraltheythem
hem,'em
themselves
theirsen
theirs
theirn(obsolete outside dialects)
their

Determiner

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you

  1. Theindividual orgroup spoken or written to.
    Haveyou gentlemen come to see the lady who fell backwards off a bus?
  2. Used beforeepithets, describing the person being addressed, for emphasis.
    You idiot!
    • 2015, Judi Curtin,Only Eva, The O'Brien Press,→ISBN:
      'You genius!' I shouted in Aretta's ear. 'You absolute genius! Why didn't you tell us you were so good?'
Derived terms
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Translations
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Seeyou/translations § Determiner.

Verb

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you (third-person singular simple presentyous,present participleyouing,simple past and past participleyoued)

  1. (transitive) Toaddress (a person) using thepronounyou (in the past, especially to useyou rather thanthou, whenyou was considered more formal).
    • 1930, Barrington Hall,Modern Conversation, Brewer & Warren, page239:
      Youing consists in relating everything in the conversation to the person you wish to flatter, and introducing the word “you” into your speech as often as possible.
    • 1992,Barbara Anderson,Portrait of the Artist’s Wife, Victoria University Press, page272:
      Now even Princess Anne had dropped it. Sarah had heard heryouing away on television the other night just like the inhabitants of her mother’s dominions beyond the seas.
    • 2004,Ellen Miller, “Practicing”, inBrooklyn Noir, Akashic Books:
      But even having my very own personal pronoun was risky, because it’s pretty tough to keep stopped-hope stopped up whenyou are getting allyoued up, when someone you really like keeps promising you scary, fun, exciting stuff—and even tougher for the[sic] of that moment to remain securely devoid of hope, to make smart, self-denying decisions with Dadyouing me—the long ooo of it broad and extended, like a hand.
Translations
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Seeyou/translations § Verb.

Etymology 2

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Noun

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you (pluralyous)

  1. The name of theLatin-script letterU/u.
    • 1969, Michael Feld,The Sabbatical Year, London:Alan Ross Ltd, page301:
      ‘Eff.You. En,’ said Mr Banstead. ‘Fun! []
    • 2004, Will Rogers,The Stonking Steps, page170:
      It said, in a whispering, buzzing voice, "Gee-you-ess-ess-ay-dash-em-ee-ar-ar-wye-dash-em-eye-en-gee-oh-dash-pee-eye-pee-dash-pee-ee-ar-ar-wye-dash-pee-eye-en-gee-oh."
    • 2019, Anand Ranganathan,Chitra Subramaniam,The Rat Eater,Bloomsbury India,→ISBN:
      ‘S-S-C…sitting on a tree…eff-you-cee-kay-i-en-ji.’
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^The British Friend (November 1st, 1861), notes: "In 1659, Thomas Ellwood, Milton's friend and scoretary, thus expresses himself—“ The corrupt and unsound form of speaking in the plural number to a single person, you to one instead of thou, contrary to the pure, plain, and simple language ..."

Cameroon Pidgin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromEnglishyou.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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you

  1. thou,thee,2nd person singular subject and object personal pronoun

See also

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Cameroon Pidgin personal pronouns
singularplural
Subject personal pronouns
1st personIwe,wu
2nd personyouwuna
3rd personidey
Object and topic personal pronouns
1st personmewe
2nd personyouwuna
3rd personyi,-amdem,-am

Japanese

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Romanization

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you

  1. Rōmaji transcription ofよう

See also

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Karawa

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Noun

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you

  1. water

References

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  • transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock,Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

Leonese

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLate Latineo, fromClassical Latinegō̆.

Pronoun

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you

  1. I

See also

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Leonese personal pronouns
nominativedisjunctivedativeaccusative
first personsingularyoumin1me
pluralmasculinenosoutrosnos
femininenosoutras
second personsingularfamiliartuti1te
formal3vusté
pluralfamiliarmasculine2vosoutrosvos
femininevosoutras
formal3vustedes
third personsingular4masculine2élyelu
feminineeillala
pluralmasculine2eillosyeslos
feminineeillaslas
reflexive1
  1. Not used withcun;cunmiéu,cuntiéu, andcunsiéu are used instead, respectively
  2. Masculine Leonese pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity.
  4. A neuter formeillu exists too.

Mandarin

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Romanization

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you (you5 /you0,Zhuyin˙ㄧㄡ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of /

Romanization

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you

  1. nonstandard spelling ofyōu
  2. nonstandard spelling ofyóu
  3. nonstandard spelling ofyǒu
  4. nonstandard spelling ofyòu

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Pronoun

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you

  1. alternative form ofyow

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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you

  1. (Northern, Northeast Midland)alternative form ofþou

Mirandese

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FWOTD – 11 November 2012

Etymology

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Inherited fromLate Latineo,inherited fromClassical Latinegō̆.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈjow/[ˈjow]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes:-ow
  • Syllabification:you

Pronoun

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you

  1. I(the first-person singular pronoun)
    • 2008, “Ai que cochino!!! (ver. II)”, in Picä Tumilho (band) (music),Faíçca: Ua stória d'amor i laboura:
      Iyou cun muita fuorça spetei bien la faca
      AndI strongly skewered[with] the knife.

Paraujano

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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you 0 (stative)

  1. to bebig
  2. to beold

Derived terms

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References

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  • Álvarez, José; Bravo, María (2008), “you”, inDiccionario básico de la lengua añú [Basic dictionary of the Añú language]‎[1], Maracaibo, Venezuela: University of Zulia,→ISBN, page108.

Pouye

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Noun

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you

  1. water

References

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  • transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock,Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

Takia

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromBargamyuw andWaskiayu.[1]

Noun

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you

  1. water

References

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  • Malcolm Ross, Andrew Pawley, Meredith Osmond,The Lexicon of Proto-Oceanic: The Culture and Environment (2007,→ISBN
  1. ^Loanwords in Takia, inLoanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook (edited by Martin Haspelmath, Uri Tadmor), page 761

Terebu

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Noun

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you

  1. fire

Further reading

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  • Malcolm Ross,Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia,Pacific Linguistics, series C-98 (1988)
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