yn (pluralyns)
- Alternativeletter-case form ofYN.
FromProto-Brythonic*ɨn, fromProto-Celtic*eni.
yn
- in
CompareWelshyn.
yn (triggersmixed mutation)
- Adverbial particle;-ly
- ynes ―easily
- ynfyw ―live
FromOld Irishin (compareScottish Gaelic andIrishan).
yn
- the
FromOld Englishinn.
yn
- alternative form ofin(“inn”)
FromOld Englishin.
yn
- alternative form ofin(“in”)
FromOld Englishinne.
yn
- alternative form ofin(“in”)
Certainly cognate withOld Irishin(“-ly”); possibly from a prepositionProto-Celtic*endo, governing the dative, a compound of*en(“in”) and*do(“to”)[1]
Alternatively from*sindū(i), the masculine/neuter dative/instrumental singular of the definite article.[2]
yn (triggers soft mutation)
- grammatical particle used in conjunction withbot(“to be”) to mark adjectival, nominal, or verbal complements
- grammatical particle used to change an adjective into an adverb
FromProto-Brythonic*ɨn, fromProto-Celtic*eni.
yn
- in
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
yn
- our
- ^Morris Jones, John (1913),A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press,§ 220 vii (2), pages438–39
- ^Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909],D. A. Binchy andOsborn Bergin, transl.,A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation ofHandbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German),→ISBN,§ 379,pages 238–39; reprinted2017
FromProto-West Germanic*ūniju,*unnjā(“onion”).
ȳn f
- onion
Strongō-stem:
FromMiddle Welshyn.
yn
- grammatical particle used in conjunction withbod(“to be”) to mark adjectival, nominal, or verbal predicate complements
Mae Tomyn darllen.- Tom is reading.
Mae Tomyn gysglyd.- Tom is sleepy.
Mae Tomyn fachgen.- Tom is a boy.
- grammatical particle used to change an adjective into an adverb
- yn dda ―well
- yn fawr ―greatly
- yn wir ―truly
- in(indicating a language)
Mae'r llyfryn Gymraeg.- The book isin Welsh.
- This particle triggerssoft mutation, except for on words beginning with ⟨rh⟩ and ⟨ll⟩, of anything substantival, namely nouns, adjectives, numerals and verbal nouns used substantivally.
- It triggers no mutation on anything verbal, which in practice means verbal nouns used verbally.
FromMiddle Welshyn, fromOld Welshin, fromProto-Brythonic*ɨn, fromProto-Celtic*eni, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁én.
yn
- in,at(definite nouns)
Mae hi'n bywyng Nghaerdydd.- She lives in Cardiff.
Ydyn ni'n astudioyn y Brifysgolym Mangor.- We're studyingat the Universityin Bangor.
Roedd hi'n bwrw eiraym mis Mawrth.- It was snowingin March.
- This particle triggersnasal mutation. Before ⟨p⟩, ⟨b⟩ and sometimes ⟨m⟩, it becomesym and before ⟨c⟩ and ⟨g⟩, it becomesyng. In certain informal contexts or dialects, it may triggersoft or no mutation at all.
- Yn is used withdefinite nouns and noun phrases, itsindefinite equivalent beingmewn.
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke,et al., editors (1950–present), “yn”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
FromOld Frisianin, fromProto-Germanic*in, fromProto-Indo-European*en.
yn
- in
- into
- “yn”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011
yn
- alternative form ofing(“in”)
1867,CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page114, lines9-11:Yn ercha an aul o' while yt beeth wi gleezom o' core th' oure eyen dwytheth apan ye Vigere o'dicke Zouvereine, Wilyame ee Vourthe,- In each and every condition it is with joy of heart that our eyes rest upon the representative of that Sovereign, William IV.,
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page114
