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yi-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "yi"

Lower Tanana

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Etymology

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Fromyi(“inside”).

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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yi-

  1. inside,into

References

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  • Kari, Jameset al. (2024), Kari, James, editor,Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center,→ISBN, page475

Mbukushu

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Prefix

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yi-

  1. Class 8 noun prefix

References

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  • R.C.Wynne (1980),English-Mbukushu Dictionary‎[1], Avebury Publishing Company Limited, page xviii

Navajo

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Prefix

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yi-

  1. his,her,its,their
    ‎amá(“one's mother”) + ‎yi- → ‎yimá(“his/her/its/their mother”)
See also
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Navajo possessive pronouns
singulardualplural
1st personshi-nihi-danihi-
2nd personni-nihi-danihi-
3rd personbi-
4th person (3o)yi-
4th person (3a)ha-,hw-
indefinite person (3i)a-

Etymology 2

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Prefix

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yi-

  2. Apeg element added to 1st person singular and third person ∅-imperfective verbs to fit syllable shape restraints
    ‎yi- + ‎sh- +-cha → ‎yishcha(“I'm crying”)
Usage notes
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This prefix carries no meaning on its own, and is elided whenever a legal Navajo syllable can be constructed without it.

See also
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Etymology 3

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CompareAhtnagh- andWailakiɣi-.

Prefix

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yi-

  2. Marks theprogressive mode
    ‎-DLOʼ(“to laugh”) + ‎yi- → ‎yidloh(“he/she/it is smiling”)
  3. Withdi-, marks thefuture mode
Conjugation
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progressivesingularduopluralplural
1st personyish-yii-deíníi-
2nd personyí-woh-deínoh-
3rd personyi-deí-
4th personjoo-dají-
Other forms
Unspecified personSpatial personSimple passiveAgentive passive
ʼoo-hoo-yi-biʼdoo-

The future tense prefixes are formed by combiningdi- andyi-:

futuresingularduopluralplural
1st persondeesh-dii-dadii-
2nd personyí-díí-dadoo-
3rd persondoo-dadoo-
4th personjidoo-dazhdoo-
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Prefix

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yi-

  2. Marks the transitional aspect
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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Prefix

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yi-

  2. Marks theyi-perfective paradigm, which expresses pure completion of a verbal action
Derived terms
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Etymology 6

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Prefix

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yi-

  2. alternative form ofhi-,used afterdzi-, position IV prefixes, and V prefixes

References

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  • Young, Robert W & William Morgan, Sr.The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque, NM: 1987.

Northern Ndebele

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

Prefix

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yi-

  1. they;class 4 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. them;class 4 object concord.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

Prefix

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yi-

  1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. him,her,it;class 9 object concord.

Phuthi

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

Prefix

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yi-

  1. they;class 4 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. them;class 4 object concord.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

Prefix

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yi-

  1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. him,her,it;class 9 object concord.

Southern Ndebele

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

Prefix

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yi-

  1. they;class 4 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. them;class 4 object concord.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

Prefix

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yi-

  1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. him,her,it;class 9 object concord.

Swazi

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

Prefix

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yi-

  1. they;class 4 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. them;class 4 object concord.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

Prefix

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yi-

  1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. him,her,it;class 9 object concord.

Tumbuka

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-

Prefix

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yi-

  1. Class 4 subject concord.

Etymology 2

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-

Prefix

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yi-

  1. Class 9 subject concord.

Wailaki

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Etymology

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Compare withNavajoyi-.

Prefix

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yi-

  1. Marks a third personobviate verbal subject

Related terms

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Subject prefixes
singularplural
1st personsh-,i-di-
2nd personn-oh-
3rd person∅-
3rd person obviateyi-
Indefinitechʼi-,ʼ-
Arealki-

References

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  • Begay, Kayla Rae (2017),Wailaki Grammar, University of California, Berkeley, page166

Xhosa

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

Prefix

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yi-

  1. they;class 4 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. them;class 4 object concord.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

Prefix

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yi-

  1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. him,her,it;class 9 object concord.

Zulu

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bantu*gɪ́-.

Prefix

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yí-

  1. they;class 4 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. them;class 4 object concord.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-.

Prefix

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yí-

  1. he,she,it;class 9 subject concord; form ofi- used when another prefix precedes.
  2. him,her,it;class 9 object concord.

References

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