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year

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key): /jɪə/
- Audio(UK): (file)
(General American)enPR:yîr,IPA^(key): /jɪɹ/
- Audio(US): (file)
(New Zealand)IPA^(key): /jiə/
(Scotland, Ireland, Canada)IPA^(key): /jir/
(General South African)IPA^(key): /jøː/
(Wales, other regions)IPA^(key): /jɜː/
(East Anglia, cheer–chair merger)IPA^(key): /jɛː/
(Indic)IPA^(key): /ˈ(j)ɪjə(r)/
- Homophone:ear(implicit onglide)
Hyphenation:year
Rhymes:-ɪə(ɹ)
Rhymes:-ɜː(ɹ)(in some varieties of English)
Homophone:yeah(non-rhotic withcheer–chair merger)

Etymology 1

FromMiddle Englishyeer,yere, fromOld Englishġēar(“year”), fromProto-West Germanic*jār, fromProto-Germanic*jērą(“year”), fromProto-Indo-European*yóh₁r̥(“year, spring”).Doublet ofhora andhour.

Cognates

Cognate withScotsyear(“year”),North Frisiandjooar,iir,Jaar,jeer,juar,jäär(“year”),Saterland FrisianJíer(“year”),West Frisianjier(“year”),BavarianJoahr,Jåar,Jåhr(“year”),Cimbriandjar,jaar(“year”),Dutchjaar(“year”),GermanJahr(“year”),Limburgishjaor,Johr,Joër(“year”),Low GermanJohr,Jåhr(“year”),LuxembourgishJoer(“year”),Mòchenojor(“year”),SwabianJohr(“year”),Vilamovianjür(“year”),West Flemishjoar(“year”),Yiddishיאָר(yor),יאָהר(yohr,“year”),Danish,Norwegian Bokmål,Norwegian Nynorsk andSwedishår(“year”),Faroese,Icelandicár(“year”),Gothic𐌾𐌴𐍂(jēr,“year”).

Alternative forms

Noun

year (pluralyearsor(UK colloquial)year)

A period of time akin to the time taken for theEarth toundergo a fullcycle of seasons.
Alternative forms:y,yr(symbols)
Synonyms:annum,a
we moved to this town ayear ago; I quit smoking exactly oneyear ago
2. The time taken for theEarth to return to the same position along theecliptic, completing a full cycle ofseasons; atropical year orsolar year.
4. The time taken for the Earth to orbit theSun with respect to thefixed stars; asidereal year.
6. The length of twelvelunations; the time taken for any moonphase to happen twelve times; alunar year.
8. The length of a year as marked by a calendar, 365 or 366 days in theGregorian calendar; acalendar year.
10. Themean length of a calendar year in theJulian calendar, that is, 365.25solar days; aJulian year.
(by extension) Anorbitalperiod: the period of one revolution in any particularorbit: The time it takes for any astronomical object (such as aplanet,dwarf planet,small Solar System body, orcomet) in direct orbit around astar (such as theSun) to make one revolution around the star.
Mars goes around the sun once in a Martianyear, or 1.88 Earth years.
- 2008,BioWare,Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts,→ISBN,→OCLC, PC, scene: Citdael:
  Shepard: What can you tell me about the Citadel Council?
  Avina: Originally, the Council consisted of representatives from the asari and salarians, the two dominant species in Citadel space.
  Roughly 1,304 galactic standardyears ago, turians were invited to join the Council in recognition of the role they played during the Krogan Rebellion.
Aperiod between setdates that mark a year, such as from January 1 to December 31 by theGregorian calendar, from Tishri 1 to Elul 29 by theJewish calendar, and from Muharram 1 to Dhu al-Hijjah 29 or 30 by theIslamic calendar.
A normalyear has 365 full days, but there are 366 days in a leapyear.
I was born in theyear 1950.
This Chineseyear is theyear of the Ox.
- 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, inThe Economist‎^[1], volume408, number8845, archived fromthe original on17 July 2020:
  Dotcom mania was slow in coming to higher education, but now it has the venerable industry firmly in its grip. Since the launch early lastyear of Udacity and Coursera, two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations.
- 2025 April 24, Oscar Holland, “Construction of world’s tallest abandoned skyscraper to resume after a decade”, inCNN‎^[2]:
  Construction of the world’s tallest unoccupied skyscraper may resume as early as next week, almost 10years after work ground to a halt, according to Chinese state media.
A scheduled part of acalendar year spent in a specificactivity.
During this schoolyear I have to get up at 6:30 to catch the bus.
1. Alevel orgrade inschool orcollege.
  Every second-year student must select an area of specialization.
  The exams inyear 12 at high school are the most difficult.
  I'm the oldest student in myyear because I've repeated twice.
The proportion of a creature'slifespan equivalent to one year of an average human lifespan (see alsodog year).
Geneticists have created baker's yeast that can live to 800 in yeastyears.

Synonyms

(one revolution of the Sun by the Earth):solar year,equinoctial year,sun,Theban year,twelvemonth,annum
(time to make one revolution by any body):anomalistic year,galactic year,Gaussian year,Great Year,lunar year,Platonic year,sidereal year,Sothic year,tropical year,annum(sci fi)
(period between set dates):calendar year,civil year,legal year,winter (one of an especially great number of years (literary),
(specific uses):accounting year,base year,dog year,financial year,fiscal year,liturgical year,quality-adjusted life year,school year,tax year

Hypernyms

biennium(2 years),triennium(3),quadrennium orolympiad(4),quinquennium orpentad(5),sexennium(6),septennium(7),octaeteris oroctennium(8),novennium(9),decennium ordecade(10),centennium orcentury(100),quincentennium(500),kiloyear ormillennium(1000),decamillennium(10,000),centimillennium(100,000),millionennium ormegayear(1,000,000),gigayear(1,000,000,000)

Hyponyms

Coordinate terms

units of timeedit

Derived terms

Descendants

Jamaican Creole:ier
Tok Pisin:yia
→ Chuukese:ier
→ Japanese:イヤー(iyā)
→ Volapük:yel

Translations

Seeyear/translations § Noun.

See also

calendar

Gregorian calendar monthsedit

Hebrew calendar monthsedit

Islamic calendar monthsedit

(smaller divisions):seemonth,week,day, etc.
(¹⁄₄-year):quarter,quarterly,season,seasonal
(¹⁄₃-year):triannual
(¹⁄₂-year):biannual,semiannual,twice-yearly
(roughly one year):quasi-annual
(adj.):yearly,annual,per annum
(2-year):biennium,biennial
(3-year):triennium,triennial,trieterical
(4-year):quadrennium,quadrennial
(5-year):quinquennium,quinquenniad,quintennium,quinquennial,quintennial
(6-year):sexennium,sexennial
(7-year):septennium,septennial,septennary,septenniad,septenary,septenarian,septennian,septennual
(8-year):octennium,octaeteris,octennial,octaeteric
(9-year):novennium,novennial,enneaeteric,enneatic
(10-year):decade,decennium,decadal,decennial
(17-year):septendecennial
(19-year):enneadecaeteris
tender years doctrine
(20-year):vicennium,vicennial
(30-year):tricennium,tricennial
(100-year):century,yearhundred,centennial,centenary,centuried
(200-year):bicentennial,bicentenary
(300-year):tricentennial,tricentenarytercentennial,tercentenary
(1000-year):millennium,kiloyear (kyr),yearthousand,millennial
(3000-year):termillenary
(10 000-year):decamillennium
(100 000-year):centimillennium
(1 000 000-year):megayear (Myr),mega-annum (Ma),millionennium
(1 000 000 000-year):gigayear (Gyr),gigannum (Ga)

References

year on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

Noun

year

Anagrams

yare,aery,Yare,Ayre,ayre,y'are,Reay,Eary,Raye,Ayer,Arey,eyra

Scots

Etymology

FromMiddle Englishyeer,yere, fromOld Englishġēr,ġēar(“year”), fromProto-West Germanic*jār, fromProto-Germanic*jērą(“year”), fromProto-Indo-European*yeh₁r-(“year, spring”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [(j)iːr]

Noun

year (pluralyear)

year

References

“year,n.”, inThe Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh:Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present,→OCLC, retrieved24 May 2024, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors,The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh:Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976,→OCLC.
“3er,n.”, inThe Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh:Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present,→OCLC, retrieved24 May 2024, reproduced fromWilliam A[lexander] Craigie,A[dam] J[ack] Aitken[et al.], editors,A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire:Oxford University Press, 1931–2002,→OCLC.

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