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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "x"

xU+0078,x
LATIN SMALL LETTER X
w
[U+0077]
Basic Latiny
[U+0079]
Character variations

ˣU+02E3,ˣ
MODIFIER LETTER SMALL X
ˢ
[U+02E2]
Spacing Modifier Lettersˤ
[U+02E4]

U+2179,ⅹ
SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TEN

[U+2178]
Number Forms
[U+217A]
U+FF58,x
FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER X

[U+FF57]
Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms
[U+FF59]
Small-capX (left) and lower-casex (right) are distinct when italic, which is the convention of several phonetic alphabets.X is the only small-capital letter of the basic Latin alphabet that is not included in Unicode.
Languages (42)
Translingual • English
Afar • Albanian • Asturian • Azerbaijani • Basque • Blin • Catalan • Central Mazahua • Comox • Czech • Dutch • Esperanto • Finnish • French • Gothic • Heiltsuk • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ido • Indonesian • Italian • Kankanaey • Kwak'wala • Latin • Malay • Maltese • Mam • Navajo • Norwegian • Portuguese • Romani • Romanian • Slovak • Somali • Spanish • Tagalog • Tarifit • Tashelhit • Tlingit • Zulu
Page categories

Translingual

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of thebasic modern Latin alphabet.

See also

Etymology 2

The variable name comes from usage in Spain, as up to the 16th century ⟨x⟩ had the sound value/ʃ/ inSpanish, so was used to transcribeArabicش(š) used for the purpose of a variable as an abbreviation ofشَيْء(šayʔ,thing).[1] Its sound value in Spanish has since then become/x/, which explains the decisionmade in the circle of theInternational Phonetic Association to assign this character to the voiceless velar fricative. CompareEnglishhickey(an object whose name is not recalled; bruise-like mark made during petting by pressing the mouth to the skin) for the development of the sense of a communicated kiss.

Pronunciation

  • Pronunciation of IPA[xa axa] with the sound[x]:(file)

Symbol

x

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
  1. (IPA) avoicelessvelarfricative.
    (superscriptˣ)[x]-fricated release,[x]-coloring, or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic[x] – seeˣ.
  2. (mathematics) A name for an unknownvariable.
  3. (mathematics) The first coordinate inCartesian coordinates, representinghorizontal position.
  4. Used as a placeholder for a digit or value that may vary.
    • 2008, Leonard Richardson, Sam Ruby,RESTful Web Services (in English), page387:
      The5xx [i.e. three digits starting "5"] series of status codes is for representing problems on the server side.
    • 2009, Ravi Rikhye,Concise World Armies 2009 (in English):
      BRIGADE NUMBERING - TRADITIONAL • Armor Brigade [5xx series] • Armored Infantry Brigade [3xx series] • Motorized Infantry Brigade [2xx series] • Infantry Brigade [1xx series] • Special Forces [8xx series]
    • 2010, Tri "Slowhabit" Nguyen, Martin Harris,Advanced PLO Play (in English), page53:
      Although my opponent will have 4xxx [i.e. a 4 and three other cards] frequently, I have to stack off occasionally to avoid being exploited in this spot.
  5. Akiss at the end of a letter, or similar missive.
    • 2009 September 8, tammy martinez, “God bless u!”, incir-b-ksa[3] (Usenet; in Spanish), retrieved2014-10-26:
      Que DIOS te bendiga,xoxo
      GOD bless youxoxo
    • 2010 September 4, pap...@yahoo.com, “Re: Sortido”, inMedicina UFRJ Turma 1970[4] (Usenet; in Portuguese), retrieved2014-10-26:
      Pratinha te amo, te amo...XOXO luizbola
      Parinha I love you, I love you...XOXO luizbola
    • 2012, Amanda Jennings,Sworn Secret (in English):
      i love you :)!xxx. She pressed send and stared at him. She giggled when he reached into his pocket and pulled out his phone.
    • 2012, Maya Rodale,Geheimes Spiel der Liebe[5] (in German):
      XOXO, dein Schreibmädchen, deine Frau
      XOXO, your writing girl, your wife
    • 2013, Arthur Fleischmann, Carly Fleischmann,La voz de Carly[6] (in Spanish):
      Nos vemos en unos días. Te quiero.Xoxo.
      We see each other in a few days. I want you.Xoxo.
    • 1999,Mon évolution par l'Amour[7] (in French), page134:
      Je t’aime ! Kristelxxxx...
      I love you ! Kristelxxxx...
Usage notes

In the mathematical senses, the term is conventionally rendered in italics, as in, “Solve the equationx3+x=a{\displaystyle x^{3}+x=a} forx{\displaystyle x}.”

References
  1. ^Lagarde, Paul de (1882) “Woher stammt dasx der Mathematiker?”, inNachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen[1] (in German), number13, pages409–413

Etymology 3

Themultiplication sign is an arbitrary notation developed in the early 17th century.

Symbol

x

  1. Alternative spelling of×
    Dimensions: 1280x720
    3x as much as usual
    • 2017, Karin Loose,Gesunde Lebensführung - Gewusst wie!?: Ernährung + Bewegung + Psyche (in German), BookRix,→ISBN:
      Nebenzahlreichen sekundären Pflanzenstoffen enthält Moringa: 2x so viel Proteine wie Soja [...]
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes

Usingx (in upper- or lower-case, italicized or not, and sometimes rotated 90 degrees) to indicate multiplication was common in 17th-century mathematical texts.[1] Today, this usage is considered poor typography, but it is nevertheless common because computer keyboards lack a× key.

References
  1. ^Cajori, Florian (1914 December) “The Cross X as a Symbol for Multiplication”, inNature[2], volume94,→DOI, pages363–364

Etymology 4

ACD-R claiming52X speed.
ADVD-R claiming8x speed.

Originates in given multiples of the speeds specified in the original CD and DVD standards, then, by reason of the actual unit being without name but just implied by the multiplication sign, reinterpreted as or used as if a unit, considering also that data transfer speed isvariable, so that now, bolstered by stylization of the sign in the marketing of manufacturers, either spelling, with the multiplication sign or with the ex borrowed from the iconic mathematical variable sign, seems correct.

Symbol

x

  1. (computing) Aunit oftransfer rate ofCD drives, equal to 150KiB per second.
  2. (computing) Aunit oftransfer rate ofDVD drives, equal 1.32MiB per second.

Further reading

Etymology 5

Symbol

x

  1. , theRoman numeralten (10)
Alternative forms

See also

Gallery

  • Letter styles
  • Uppercase and lowercase versions of X, in normal and italic type
    Uppercase and lowercase versions ofX, in normal and italic type
  • Uppercase and lowercase X in Fraktur
    Uppercase and lowercaseX inFraktur

See also

Other representations of X:

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • (letter name):IPA(key): /ɛks/
Audio(US):(file)
Rhymes:-ɛks
  • (phoneme)
    • IPA(key): /ks/,/ɡz/,/kʃ/,/ɡʒ/
    • IPA(key): /z/,/ʃ/(word-initially)

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX,pluralxsorx's)

  1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Englishalphabet, calledex and written in theLatin script.
  2. Forming gender-neutral or otherwise more inclusive versions of words, especially Spanish-derived words by replacing both the masculine-o and feminine-a.
    alumnx,Chicanx (Xicanx),Filipinx,Latinx,Mx,mxn,Tejanx,womxn
Derived terms
from the letter shape
See also

Adjective

x (notcomparable)

  1. Alternativeletter-case form ofX(intersex ornon-binary(in passports and identification documents))

Numeral

x

  1. (sometimes humorous) Anunknown orunspecifiednumber of.
    Alternative form:X
    • 2016 February 22,Andrew Sparrow, “David Cameron's swipe at Boris Johnson in the Commons – verdict”, inThe Guardian[9]:
      David Cameron gives a Commons statement after every EU summit and normally they follow a predictable pattern; he says that he set out withX number of aims, and then he explains he has achieved allX of them (even if he hasn’t). The most interesting comments normally come in the exchanges with MPs.
    • 2016 May 19, Aaron Souppouris, “Why Google can't stop making messaging apps”, inEngadget[10]:
      But chances are that Google will continue to float new ideas before eventually merging the best of them into a single, coherent application, as it did with Hangouts. And then it'll start the process again. In the meantime, Google will spend money developingx number of duplicate apps, and users will have to deal with a confusing mess of applications on their home screens.
Derived terms
Translations
unknown or unspecified number ofseeX

Conjunction

x

  1. (fandomslang)Used between the names of twocharacters to denote aship, particularly inanime,manga, andvideo games.
    • 1998 August 31, Greg Upchurch, “[Eva][Fanfic] Aright”, inrec.arts.anime.creative[11] (Usenet):
      If there is anyone in the audience who can't stand someone pushing a Shinjix Rei thing, I know you want to quit on this fic now.
    • 2002 July 7, Arnold Kim, “Re: Favorite couples??”, inalt.tv.buffy-v-slayer[12] (Usenet):
      I'm a fairly big Angelx Buffy fan, though I'm not a particularly big fan of Angel. They just work well together, IMO.
    • 2003 April 29, sephigirl, “Re: [OT] Character selections was: Re: [POLL] Identification”, inalt.fan.utena[13] (Usenet):
      Tho' my doujinshi is a Cloudx Sephiroth - yes you read that right - Cloud's name is first. ^^!
    • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:x.
  2. (music)Used in place ofand in artist collaborations.
    Taska Blackx DROELOE, Steve Aokix Lauren Jauregui, etc.

Etymology 2

Abbreviations.

Symbol

x

  1. (Stenoscript) the sound sequence /ɛks/ or /ks/.
  2. (Stenoscript) the suffix or final sequence /iəs/ (-ious,-eous,-eus)
  3. (Stenoscript) the suffix or final syllable /ʃəs/ (-tious,-cious,-xious)
  4. (Stenoscript) the suffix or final syllable /ʃəl/ (-tial,-cial)

See also

Afar

Letter

x

  1. The eighthletter of the Afaralphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Albanian

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /d͡z/

Letter

x (upper caseX,lower casex)

  1. The thirty-secondletter of the Albanianalphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Asturian

Pronunciation

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. A letter of theAsturian alphabet.

Usage notes

  • Historically, it represented /ks/, and /ʃ/ was represented by. In modern Asturian it always represents /ʃ/.

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

Letter

xlower case (upper caseX)

  1. The twelfthletter of the Azerbaijanialphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Basque

Pronunciation

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-fifthletter of the Basquealphabet, calledixa and written in theLatin script.

See also

Blin

Pronunciation

Letter

x (uppercaseX)

  1. Aletter of theBilen Latin alphabet.

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Catalanalphabet, calledics orxeix and written in theLatin script.
See also

Etymology 2

Preposition

x

  1. (text messaging, Internetslang)per

Central Mazahua

Pronunciation

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. A letter of theMazahua alphabet.

See also

Comox

Pronunciation

  1. IPA(key): /x/

Letter

x (no case)

  1. Aletter of the Comoxalphabet, written in theLatin script.

Usage notes

Found in loan words and onomatopoeia.

See also

Czech

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. The thirty-eighthletter of the Czechalphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Dutch

Pronunciation

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. the twenty-fourth letter of the Dutch alphabet

See also

  • Previous letter:w
  • Next letter:y

Esperanto

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. (replacement) The letter that represents a diacritic in thex-system, written after the letter in its non-diacriticked form; it is calledikso.
    ambaŭambaux

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. Seethe Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, andx for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

  • Audio(letter name);äks:(file)

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-thirdletter of the Finnishalphabet, calledäks oreks and written in theLatin script.

Usage notes

  • Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced withks.

Derived terms

compounds

See also

French

Pronunciation

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Frenchalphabet, written in theLatin script.
    • 1837, Louis Viardot,L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation ofEl ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:
      Avec ces propos et d’autres semblables, le pauvre gentilhomme perdait le jugement. Il passait les nuits et se donnait la torture pour les comprendre, pour les approfondir, pour leur tirer le sens des entrailles, ce qu’Aristote lui-même n’aurait pu faire, s’il fût ressuscité tout exprès pour cela.
      With these passages and other similar ones, the poor gentleman lost his judgement. He spent his nights and tortured himself to understand them, to consider them more deeply, to take from them their deepest meaning, which Aristotle himself would not have been able to do, had he been resurrected for that very purpose.

Gothic

Romanization

x

  1. Romanization of𐍇

Heiltsuk

Pronunciation

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. Aletter of the Heiltsukalphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. A letter of the extended Hungarianalphabet, callediksz and written in theLatin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in-e-, front unrounded harmony)
singularplural
nominativexx-ek
accusativex-etx-eket
dativex-nekx-eknek
instrumentalx-szelx-ekkel
causal-finalx-értx-ekért
translativex-széx-ekké
terminativex-igx-ekig
essive-formalx-kéntx-ekként
essive-modal
inessivex-benx-ekben
superessivex-enx-eken
adessivex-nélx-eknél
illativex-bex-ekbe
sublativex-rex-ekre
allativex-hezx-ekhez
elativex-bőlx-ekből
delativex-rőlx-ekről
ablativex-tőlx-ektől
non-attributive
possessive – singular
x-éx-eké
non-attributive
possessive – plural
x-éix-ekéi
Possessive forms ofx
possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
1st person sing.x-emx-eim
2nd person sing.x-edx-eid
3rd person sing.x-ex-ei
1st person pluralx-ünkx-eink
2nd person pluralx-etekx-eitek
3rd person pluralx-ükx-eik

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

  • x inBárczi, Géza andLászló Országh.A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.:ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN

Icelandic

Pronunciation

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-seventhletter of the Icelandicalphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Ido

Pronunciation

  • (context pronunciation)IPA(key): /ks/
  • (letter name)IPA(key): /kse/

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Idoalphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Indonesian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • (context pronunciation)IPA(key): /s, ks/
  • (letter name)IPA(key): /ɛks/

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Indonesianalphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Etymology 2

Noun

x

  1. (text messaging)Abbreviation ofkali.

Etymology 3

Unknown.

Suffix

x

  1. (text messaging, slang)Abbreviation of-nya.

Synonyms

Italian

Etymology 1

Letter

x f orm (invariable,lower case,upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of theLatin alphabet, calledics in Italian
Usage notes
  • The letterX is not considered part of the Italian alphabet. It is found mainly in loanwords,Latinisms, andGrecisms.

Etymology 2

The multiplication sign× (which is visually similar to the letterx) is pronouncedper in Italian.

Preposition

x

  1. (text messaging, slang)Abbreviation ofper(for).
Usage notes
  • This convention is not only used for the preposition but also used within words such as,xké(perché),(però).

Kankanaey

Etymology

Borrowed fromTagalogx. Letter pronunciation is influenced byEnglishx.

Pronunciation

  • (letter name)IPA(key): /ʔeks/[ʔek̠s]
    • IPA(key): (parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian)/ʔekh/[ʔek̠h]
    • Rhymes:-eks,(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian)-ekh
  • (phoneme)IPA(key): /ks/[k̠s]
    • IPA(key): (parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian)/kh/[k̠h]

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Kankanaeyalphabet, calledeks and written in theLatin script.

See also

References

  • Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016)Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎[14] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog),→ISBN, pages10-11

Kwak'wala

Pronunciation

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. Aletter of the Kwak'walaalphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Latin

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-thirdletter of the Latinalphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

  • More information atX.

Malay

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX) (eks)

  1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Malayalphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Adverb

x

  1. (informal, text messaging, Internetslang)Abbreviation oftak(not).

Synonyms

Derived terms

  • xde (tidak ada, "does not have")
  • xpe (tidak apa, "what not")

Maltese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃ/
  • IPA(key): /ʒ/(by assimilation to a following voiced obstruent)
  • In a handful of English borrowings,x represents/ʒ/ also in other positions (comparetelevixin).

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-eighthletter of the Maltesealphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Mam

Pronunciation

Letter

x (uppercaseX)

  1. Aletter of theMam alphabet.

Navajo

Pronunciation

  1. IPA(key): /x/,/h/

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. Aletter of the Navajoalphabet, written in theLatin script.

Usage notes

The letterx is used for the phoneme/x/, but also for/h/ after the letters and elsewhere that anh would be ambiguous.

Norwegian

Pronunciation

Letter

x

  1. The 24th letter of the Norwegian alphabet.

Usage notes

  • Only appears in loanwords from e.g. Latin.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Phoneme:

  • IPA(key): /ʃ/,/ks/,/s/,/z/,/ɡz/

Letter name:

 

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Portuguesealphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Romani

Pronunciation

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. (International Standard)The eleventhletter of the Romanialphabet, written in theLatin script.
  2. (Pan-Vlax)The twelfthletter of the Romanialphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

References

  • Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “X, x”, inニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha,→ISBN, page13

Romanian

Pronunciation

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-ninthletter of the Romanianalphabet, calledics and written in theLatin script.

See also

Slovak

Pronunciation

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. The forty-firstletter of the Slovakalphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Somali

Pronunciation

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. The fifthletter of the Somalialphabet, written in theLatin script.

Spanish

Pronunciation

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. the 25th letter of the Spanish alphabet
  2. (uncommon)forms gender-neutral versions of words by replacing both the masculineo and femininea
    chicano/chicana → ‎chicanx
    ellos/ellas → ‎ellxs
    latino/latina → ‎latinx
    los/las → ‎lxs

See also

Preposition

x

  1. (text messaging, Internetslang)Abbreviation ofpor.CompareEnglish4.
    Graciasx comentar. Saludos.
    Thanksfor commenting. Regards.
    Graciasx el apoyo.
    Thanksfor the support.

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed fromSpanishx. Each pronunciation has a different source:

  • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced byEnglishx.
  • Abecedario pronunciation is fromSpanishx.

Pronunciation

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX,Baybayin spellingᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔)

  1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Tagalogalphabet (theFilipino alphabet), calledeks and written in theLatin script.

Usage notes

  • This letter is mostly used only in proper nouns, unadapted loanwords, or Spanish-based spellings.

See also

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX,Baybayin spellingᜁᜃᜒᜐ᜔)

  1. (historical)The twenty-sixthletter of the Tagalogalphabet (theAbecedario), calledequis orekis and written in theLatin script.

Further reading

  • x”, inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila,2018

Tarifit

Alternative forms

Etymology

Fromixf(head) by means of grammaticalization.

Preposition

x (Tifinagh spelling)

  1. location marker
    1. indicates location on top of something:on,on top of
      yeqqimx řkursi
      He saton the chair.

Tashelhit

Pronunciation

  1. IPA(key): /χ/

Letter

x (Upper caseX)

  1. Aletter of the Tashelhitalphabet, written in theLatin script.

Further reading

Tlingit

Pronunciation

Letter

x (upper caseX)

  1. Aletter of the Tlingitalphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

Zulu

Letter

x (lower case,upper caseX)

  1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Zulualphabet, written in theLatin script.

See also

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