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wrest

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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WOTD – 29 March 2018

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishwresten,wrasten,wræsten, fromOld Englishwrǣstan(to twist forcibly, wrench),[1] fromProto-Germanic*wraistijaną, (compareProto-Germanic*wrīhaną(to turn, wind; to cover, envelop),*wrīþaną(to weave, twist),Old Norsereista(to bend, twist)), from a derivative ofProto-Indo-European*wreiḱ-,*wreyḱ-(to bend, twist),*wreyt-(to bend).See alsowrithe,wry.

The noun is derived from the verb.[2]

Verb

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wrest (third-person singular simple presentwrests,present participlewresting,simple past and past participlewrested)

  1. (transitive) Topull ortwistviolently.
  2. (transitive) Toobtain by pulling orviolentforce.
    Hewrested the remote control from my grasp and changed the channel.
    • 1671,John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, [].”, inParadise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London:[] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey [],→OCLC,page42:
      [D]id not ſhe / OfTimna [Delilah] firſt betray me, and reveal / The ſecretwreſted from me in her highth / Of Nuptial Love proteſt, carrying it ſtrait / To them who had corrupted her, my Spies, / And Rivals?
    • 1858, James Foote, “Lecture LVIII. Luke XI. 14–26.”, inLectures on the Gospel According to Luke.[...] In Two Volumes, 3rd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: Ogle & Murray, andOliver & Boyd; London: Hamilton, Adams, & Co.,→OCLC,page689:
      Does the devil strive to keep Christ out of men's hearts, and to preserve his own influence over them, by the weapon of ignorance? Christwrests it from him by letting in a stream of light.
    • 2015, Kimberly Marlowe Hartnett, “A New Life and a New Cause in Dixie”, inCarolina Israelite: HowHarry Golden Made Us Care about Jews, the South, and Civil Rights, Chapel Hill, N.C.:University of North Carolina Press,→ISBN,page103:
      Despite this short shrift from descendants and historians, the Jewish peddler was a valued person in rural life. Besides bringing much-needed goods and a break for those exhausted from plowing or laboriouslywresting turpentine from pine trees, the visiting peddler was often respected by those God-fearing southerners for what they believed was his direct connection to the Old Testament stories they revered.
  3. (transitive,figuratively) Toseize.
  4. (transitive,figuratively) Todistort, topervert, to twist.
    • c.1596–1598 (date written),W[illiam] Shakespeare,The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. [] (First Quarto),[London]:[]J[ames] Roberts [forThomas Heyes], published1600,→OCLC,[Act IV, scene i]:
      And I beſeech you /Wreſt once the Law to your authority, / To do a great right, do a little wrong, / And curbe this cruell deuill of his will.
    • 1611,The Holy Bible, [] (King James Version), London:[]Robert Barker, [],→OCLC,Exodus23:6:
      Thou ſhalt notwreſt the iudgement of thy poore in his cauſe.
    • 1619,Philip Schaff, “The Canons of the Synod of Dort, as Held by the Reformed[Dutch] Church in America.[First Head of Doctrine. Of Divine Predestination.]”, inThe Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes.[...] In Three Volumes, 4th revised and enlarged edition, volume III (The Evangelical Protestant Creeds, with Translations), New York, N.Y.:Harper & Brothers,Franklin Square, published1877,→OCLC, article VI,page582:
      And herein is especially displayed the profound, the merciful, and at the same time the righteous discrimination between men, equally involved in ruin; or that decree ofelection andreprobation, revealed in the Word of God, which, though men of perverse, impure, and unstable mindswrest it to their own destruction, yet to holy and pious souls affords unspeakable consolation.
    • 1665 December 25,Robert South, “Jesus of Nazareth Proved the True and Only Promised Messiah. In a Sermon Preached atSt. Mary’s, Oxon, before theUniversity, on Christmas-Day, 1665”, inTwelve Sermons upon Several Subjects and Occasions, 5th edition, volume III, London: Printed by H. Clark, for Jonah Bowyer, at the Rose, the West-End ofSt. Paul's Church-Yard, published1722,→OCLC,page295:
      [I]n the ſeveral Ages of the Church theſe Wretches ſucceſſively have been ſome of the moſt notorious Oppoſers of the Divinity of our Saviour, and would undoubtedly have overthrown the Belief of it in the World, could they by all their Arts ofwreſting, corrupting, and falſe interpreting the holy Text, have brought the Scriptures to ſpeak for them; which they could never yet do.
  5. (transitive,music) Totune with a wrest, orkey.
    • 1503 July, William Cornishe [i.e.,William Cornysh], “In the Fleete Made by Me William Cornishe otherwise Called Nyshwhete Chapelman with the Most Famose and Noble KyngHenry the VII. His Reygne the XIX. Yere the Moneth of July. A Treatise betwene Trouth, and Information.”, inJohn Skelton, edited byJ[ohn] S[tow],Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate, Imprinted at London: InFletestreate, neare vntoSt Dunstan-in-the-West by Thomas Marshe, published1568,→OCLC; republished asPithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate to King Henry the VIIIth, London: Printed for C. Davis inPater-noster Row,1736,→OCLC,page290:
      The Harpe. A harpegeueth ſounde as it is ſette / The harper maywreſt itvntunablye
Usage notes
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In modern usage, almost always followed with a preposition such as "from," "away from," or "out of."

Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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to pull or twist violently
to obtain by pulling or violent force
to seizeseeseize
to distort, pervert, twistseedistort

Noun

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wrest (pluralwrests)

  1. The act ofwresting; awrench ortwist;distortion.
    • 1676,Richard Hooker,Izaak Walton, “Book IV. Concerning Their Third Assertion, that Our Form of Church-Polity is Corrupted with Popish Orders, Rites and Ceremonies, Banished out of Certain Reformed Churches, whose Example therein We Ought to have Followed”, inThe Works of that Learned and Judicious Divine, Mr. Richard Hooker, in Eight Books of Ecclesiastical Polity, Compleated out of His Own Manuscripts; with Several Other Treatises by the Same Author, and an Account of His Life and Death[by Izaak Walton], London: Printed by R. White, for Rob[ert] Scott, Tho[mas] Basset, John Wright and Rich[ard] Chiswell, and are to be sold by Robert Boulter at the Turks Head inCornhil,→OCLC,page181:
      Whereas therefore it is concluded out of theſe ſo weak Premiſſes, that the retaining of divers things in the Church ofEngland, which other Reformed Churches have caſt out, muſt needs argue that we do not well, unleſs we can ſhew that they have done ill; what needed thiswreſt to draw out from on an accuſation of forein Churches?
  2. (music) Akey totune astringed instrument.
    • 1503 July, William Cornishe [i.e.,William Cornysh], “In the Fleete Made by Me William Cornishe otherwise Called Nyshwhete Chapelman with the Most Famose and Noble KyngHenry the VII. His Reygne the XIX. Yere the Moneth of July. A Treatise betwene Trouth, and Information.”, inJohn Skelton, edited byJ[ohn] S[tow],Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate, Imprinted at London: InFletestreate, neare vntoSaint Dunstones Churche by Thomas Marshe, published1568,→OCLC; republished asPithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate to King Henry the VIIIth, London: Printed for C. Davis inPater-noster Row,1736,→OCLC,page290:
      The Harpe.[] A harper with hiswreſt maye tune the harpe wrong / Mys tunying of an Inſtrument ſhal hurt a true ſonge
    • 1819 December 20 (indicated as1820),Walter Scott, chapter XIII, inIvanhoe; a Romance. [], volume III, Edinburgh:[]Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. [],→OCLC,page323:
      The Minstrel[] wore round his neck a silver chain, by which hung thewrest, or key, with which he tuned his harp.
  3. (obsolete)Active ormotivepower.
  4. (obsolete,rare)Ellipsis ofsaw wrest(ahand tool for setting the teeth of a saw, determining the width of thekerf); asaw set.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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A diagram of awater wheel.[3] The part marked “CD” represents the wrest, aboard forming part of one of thebuckets of the wheel

Possibly a variant ofwrist: see the quotation.Wrist is also derived from*wrīþaną(to weave, twist), from a derivative ofProto-Indo-European*wreiḱ-,*wreyḱ-(to bend, twist),*wreyt-(to bend).

Noun

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wrest (pluralwrests)

  1. Apartition in awater wheel by which the form of thebuckets is determined.

Etymology 3

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A misspelling ofrest, probably influenced bywrest (etymology 1, verb and noun).[4]

Noun

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wrest (pluralwrests)

  1. (agriculture,dated,dialectal) Ametal (formerlywooden) piece of someploughsattached under themouldboard (thecurvedblade that turns over thefurrow) forclearing out the furrow; the mouldboard itself.
    • 1822, John Finlayson, “On the Art of Ploughing”, inTreatise on Agricultural Subjects, Glasgow: Printed by William Lang, 62, Bell-Street, sold by Tho[ma]s Lochhead, 2, Park Place, Stockwell;[et al.],→OCLC,page198:
      [W]hen giving ley or stubble land a single furrow for a corn crop,the sock should never be so broad as the slice, but an inch or two within it; except, like the bent-sock it comes a good way back on thewrest: because this breadth of feather materially augments the draught; and, by cutting the slice clean out, before being embraced by thewrest, frequently causes it to be shot aside, in place of being turned over.
    • 1857,John M[arius] Wilson, “PLOUGH”, inThe Rural Cyclopedia, or A General Dictionary of Agriculture, and of the Arts, Sciences, Instruments, and Practice, Necessary to the Farmer, Stockfarmer, Gardener, Forester, Landsteward, Farrier, &c., volumes III (K–P), Edinburgh:A[rchibald] Fullarton and Co., Stead's Place; and 106,Newgate Street, London,→OCLC,page865, column 1:
      They [turn-wrest ploughs] are now so constructed that the ploughman can readily shift his coulter by means of a lever, which reaches the bottom of the handles, and also hiswrests or mould-boards from side to side, without leaving his station between the handles of his plough, they being so arranged that by withdrawing a small pin and pressing the projectingwrest towards the body of the plough, the mould-boards on either side become alternately the land side when not in work.
      In the earlier work from which this passage is taken,Cuthbert W. Johnson (1842) “PLOUGH”, inThe Farmer’s Encyclopædia, and Dictionary of Rural Affairs, London:Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans,→OCLC,pages981–982, the wordrest is used.
    • 1908,Henry Stephens, James MacDonald,Stephens’ Book of the Farm: Dealing Exhaustively with Every Branch of Agriculture[...] In Three Volumes, 5th edition, volumes I (Land and Its Equipment), division 2, Edinburgh, London:William Blackwood and Sons,→OCLC,page374:
      The wedge is simply two inclined planes put base to base, and the same reasoning is true of it—that is, the thinner the wedge or more gradual the slope, the more easily it is driven. Applying this to the plough, we find that the coulter, share,wrest, cheek-plates, and sole-shoe, all form more or less continuous parts of a large wedge or moving inclined plane.
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^wresten,v.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved7 January 2017.
  2. ^James A. H. Murrayet al., editors (1884–1928), “Wrest,sb.1”, inA New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volumeX, Part 2 (V–Z), London:Clarendon Press,→OCLC,page360, column 1.
  3. ^From“WATER-Works”, inEncyclopaedia Britannica; or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, 4th enlarged and improved edition, volume XX, Edinburgh: Printed byAndrew Bell, the proprietor, forArchibald Constable and Company, Edinburgh; and for Vernor, Hood, and Sharpe, London,1810,→OCLC,plate DLXXIII (between pages 680 and 681).
  4. ^James A. H. Murrayet al., editors (1884–1928), “Wrest,sb.2”, inA New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volumeX, Part 2 (V–Z), London:Clarendon Press,→OCLC,page360, column 3.

Anagrams

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Middle English

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Noun

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wrest

  1. alternative form ofwrist
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