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wn

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:WN,Wn,wn',and.wn

Egyptian

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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(reconstructed)IPA^(key):/waːn/ →/waːn/ →/waːn/ →/woːn/

(Old Egyptian, c. 2500BCE)IPA^(key):/waːn/ (infinitive)
(Middle Egyptian, c. 1700BCE)IPA^(key):/waːn/ (infinitive)
(Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350BCE)IPA^(key):/waːn/ (infinitive)
(latest Late Egyptian, c. 800BCE)IPA^(key):/woːn/ (infinitive)

(modern Egyptological)IPA^(key): /wɛn/
- Conventional anglicization:wen

Verb

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2-lit.

(transitive) toopen (a door)
- c. 1401BCE,Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 9:
  
  wn.n n.k ꜥꜣwj m bntjw
  Weopen the double doors to you as baboons.
(intransitive) toopen up, topermit access to oneself, to open the door (+n: for (someone))
(transitive) toopen (a container)
(transitive, rare) tounlatch (abolt orlatch)
(transitive) to open theway into (a place), to open up, to make (a building, fortress, city, sanctum, tomb, cavern, land, the sky, the underworld, etc.)freelyaccessible
- c. 1900BCE,The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.1–1.2:
  
  wn ẖn n grw wsḫ st nt hr m mdww
  The tentis open to the quiet man; the place of the man calm in speech is broad.^[1]
(transitive) to open (a path), to maketraversable
- c. 1550BCE – 1295BCE,Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 23:
  
  wꜣt zš.tj mṯnwwn(.w)
  The road is traversable, the pathsare open.
(transitive) tospread wide, to open (one’s hands, arms, etc.)
(transitive) to open (one’s eyes, nose, mouth, etc.)
(transitive) tostretch (one’slegs) out forwalking
(transitive, Late Egyptian) tolet (someone)out ofconfinement, torelease
(transitive, Late Egyptian, of thieves) tobreak in to, toforcibly open (a building)
(reflexive) to become open, to open

Inflection

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Conjugation ofwn (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem:wn, geminated stem:wnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
wn	wnw,wn	wnt	wn,j.wn	wn,j.wn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
wn	ḥr wn	m wn	r wn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	wn.n	wnw,wn	consecutive	wn.jn	active +.tj¹,.tw²
perfect	wn.n	active +.tj¹,.tw²
terminative	wnt
perfective³	wn	active +.tj¹,.tw²	obligative¹	wn.ḫr	active +.tj¹,.tw²
imperfective	wn,j.wn¹	active +.tj¹,.tw²	obligative¹	wn.ḫr	active +.tj¹,.tw²
prospective³	wn	wnn	potentialis¹	wn.kꜣ	active +.tj¹,.tw²
prospective³	wn	active +.tj¹,.tw²
subjunctive	wn,j.wn¹	active +.tj¹,.tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	wn.n	active +.tj¹,.tw²	—	—
perfective	wn	active +.tj¹,.tw²	wn	wnn,wnnj⁶,wn²,wnw^{2 5},wny^{2 5}
imperfective	j.wn¹,wn,wny,wnw⁵	active +.tj¹,.tw²	j.wn¹,j.wnw^{1 5},wn,wnj⁶,wny⁶	wn,wnw⁵
prospective	wn,wntj⁷	—	wntj⁴,wnt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine.f/.fj, feminine.s/.sj, dual.sn/.snj, plural.sn.⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

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Alternative hieroglyphic writings ofwn

[Old Kingdom]

[since the Middle Kingdom]

abbreviation

Demotic:wn
- Coptic:ⲟⲩⲱⲛ(ouōn)

Noun

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(Late Egyptian)opening of adoor

Alternative forms

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Alternative hieroglyphic writings ofwn

abbreviation

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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(modern Egyptological)IPA^(key): /wɛn/
- Conventional anglicization:wen

Noun

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fault,blame

Inflection

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Declension ofwn (masculine)
singular	wn
dual	wnwj
plural	wnw

Alternative forms

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Alternative hieroglyphic writings ofwn

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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(reconstructed Old Egyptian)IPA^(key): /wan/^[2]

(modern Egyptological)IPA^(key): /wɛn/
- Conventional anglicization:wen

Noun

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desert hare
Synonym:sẖꜥt

Etymology 4

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Pronoun

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pl 1. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

Late Egyptian variant ofn(“we”)

Alternative forms

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Alternative hieroglyphic writings ofwn

References

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“wn (lemma ID 46060)”, “wn (lemma ID 46070)”, “wn (lemma ID 46080)”, “wn (lemma ID 46110)”, and “wn (lemma ID 46020)”, inThesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig,2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf;Grapow, Hermann (1926),Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag,→ISBN,pages307.9, 311.2–312.12, 314.7–314.13
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962),A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute,→ISBN,pages60–61
James P[eter] Allen (2010),Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,pages169, 295, 298.
Junge, Friedrich (2005),Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page77

^Alternatively, taking m as imperative(j)m: ‘…the place of the calm man is broad. Don’t speak!’ The first clause can also be interpreted in two different ways. If n represents the prepositionn, then ‘The tent is opento the quiet man’; but if it represents the genitival adjectiven(j), then ‘The tentof the quiet man is open’. The first interpretation is more appealing semantically, but the second is favored by parallelism with the following clause.
^Loprieno, Antonio (1995),Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,page16