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wis

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "wis"

English

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Pronunciation

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromMiddle Englishwis(“certain, sure”), from an aphetic form ofMiddle Englishiwis, ywis(“certain, sure”) (fromOld Englishġewiss(“certain, sure”)), or ofNorth Germanic origin, cognate withIcelandicviss(“certain, sure”),Dutchgewis(“certain, sure”), andGermangewiss(“certain, sure”). Ultimately fromProto-Germanic*gawissaz. More atiwis.

Adverb

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wis (comparativemorewis,superlativemostwis)

  1. (rare, obsolete or dialectal)Certainly,surely.
    • 1884, Charlotte Mary Yonge,The armourer's prentices:
      So Iwis would the Dragon under him[…]
  2. (rare, obsolete or dialectal)Really,truly.
  3. (rare, obsolete or dialectal)Indeed.
Derived terms
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Adjective

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wis (comparativemorewis,superlativemostwis)

  1. (rare, obsolete or dialectal)Certain.
  2. (rare, obsolete or dialectal)Sure.
    He waswis on his word.
    I amwis that it will happen.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From an incorrect division, mistakingiwis(“certain”) forI wis(“I know”). Seeywis for more information. The German verbwissen may appear similar, but in fact corresponds etymologically to the English verbwit; both of those verbs ultimately descend from the same Proto-Indo-European root as this one.

Verb

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wis (third-person singular simple presentwis,no present participle,no simple past,past participlewistorwissed)

  1. (obsolete or archaic) Toknow.
    • c.1596–1598 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act II, scene ix]:
      "The fire seven times tried this: / Seven times tried that judgement is, / That did never choose amiss. / Some there be that shadows kiss: / Such have but a shadow's bliss. / There be fools alive, Iwis, / Silver'd o'er; and so was this. / I will ever be your head: / So be gone: you are sped."
  2. (obsolete or archaic) Tothink,suppose.
  3. (obsolete or archaic) Toimagine,ween; todeem.
    • 1889, Harriet McEwen Kimball,Poems, "In the Garden":
      And oh, that I should see that star remote / Yet His near Glory miss / Whereto the sun itself and stars do float / As motes, Iwis!
    • 1797,S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Christabel. Part I.”, inChristabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], byWilliam Bulmer and Co. […], published1816,→OCLC,page 8:
      As sure as Heaven shall rescue me, / I have no thought what men they be; / Nor do I know how long it is / (For I have lain in fits, Iwis)[…]

Anagrams

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Achang

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Etymology

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FromProto-Lolo-Burmese*way.

Pronunciation

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  • (Myanmar)/wi˧˩/
  • (Longchuan)[oi⁵⁵]
  • (Luxi)[ui³¹]
  • (Xiandao)[ui⁵⁵]

Verb

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wis

  1. tobuy,purchase

Further reading

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  • Inglis, Douglas; Sampu, Nasaw; Jaseng, Wilai; Jana, Thocha (2005),A preliminary Ngochang–Kachin–English Lexicon‎[1], Payap University, page136

Afrikaans

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Verb

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wis

  1. preterite ofweet;knew

Chuukese

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Noun

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wis

  1. duty,responsibility

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Derived fromProto-Germanic*wissaz, past participle of*witaną.

Adjective

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wis (notcomparable)

  1. sure,certain
    eenwisse dood — a certain death
Declension
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Declension ofwis
uninflectedwis
inflectedwisse
comparative—
positive
predicative/adverbialwis
indefinitem./f. sing.wisse
n. sing.wis
pluralwisse
definitewisse
partitivewis
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Inherited fromMiddle Dutchwisch, fromOld Dutch*wisk, fromProto-Germanic*wiskaz(“bundle of straw, hay”).

Noun

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wis f orm (pluralwissen,diminutivewisje n)

  1. twig
  2. bundle,bunch
  3. short forwisdoek (dishcloth)

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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wis

  1. inflection ofwissen:
    1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
    3. imperative

Gothic

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Romanization

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wis

  1. romanization of𐍅𐌹𐍃

Javanese

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Romanization

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wis

  1. romanization ofꦮꦶꦱ꧀

Kabyle

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Particle

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wis (femininetis)

  1. -th,forms ordinal numerals by preceding a cardinal numeral
    ‎wis(“-th”) + ‎kraḍ(“three”) → ‎wis kraḍ(“third”)
    ‎wis(“-th”) + ‎xemsa(“five”) → ‎wis xemsa(“fifth”)

Usage notes

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  • The particle agrees in gender with its associated noun. If this noun is feminine, the particle has a feminine formtis.
  • The particle may be used before both native Kabyle numerals and Arabic-derived numerals.
  • The particle is not used beforeyiwen(“one”). The adjectiveamezwaru(“first”) is used instead of such an ordinal.

Old Dutch

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Germanic*wīsaz, fromProto-Indo-European*weyd-(“to see, to know”).

Adjective

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wīs

  1. wise

Inflection

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Declension ofwīs (a-stem)
strong declension
casemasculinefeminineneuterplural
nominativewīswīswīswīsa,wīse
accusativewīsan,wīsenwīsawīswīsa,wīse
genitivewīseswīserowīseswīsero
dativewīsin,wīsemowīserowīsin,wīsemowīson
weak declension
casemasculinefeminineneuterplural
nominativewīsowīsawīsawīson
accusativewīsonwīsonwīsawīson
genitivewīsinwīsonwīsinwīsono
dativewīsinwīsonwīsinwīson

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • “wīs”, inOudnederlands Woordenboek,2012

Old English

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Germanic*wīsaz, fromProto-Indo-European*weydstos(“knowledgeable”), an extension of*weyd-(“to see, to know”). Akin toOld High Germanwīs andOld Norsevíss.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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wīs (comparativewīsra,superlativewīsest)

  1. wise
    • 10th century,The Wanderer:
      forþon ne mæġ wearþanwīs · wer, ǣr hē āge
      wintra dǣl in woruldrīċe. · Wita sċeal ġeþyldiġ.
      thus a man cannot becomewise, before he would own
      a part of years in world-kingdom. A wise man must be patient.

Declension

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Declension ofwīs — Strong
SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativewīswīswīs
Accusativewīsnewīsewīs
Genitivewīseswīsrewīses
Dativewīsumwīsrewīsum
Instrumentalwīsewīsrewīse
PluralMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativewīsewīsa,wīsewīs
Accusativewīsewīsa,wīsewīs
Genitivewīsrawīsrawīsra
Dativewīsumwīsumwīsum
Instrumentalwīsumwīsumwīsum
Declension ofwīs — Weak
SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativewīsawīsewīse
Accusativewīsanwīsanwīse
Genitivewīsanwīsanwīsan
Dativewīsanwīsanwīsan
Instrumentalwīsanwīsanwīsan
PluralMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativewīsanwīsanwīsan
Accusativewīsanwīsanwīsan
Genitivewīsra,wīsenawīsra,wīsenawīsra,wīsena
Dativewīsumwīsumwīsum
Instrumentalwīsumwīsumwīsum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old High German

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Germanic*wīsaz, fromProto-Indo-European*weydstos(“knowledgeable”), an extension of*weyd-(“to see, to know”). Akin toOld Englishwīs andOld Norsevíss.

Adjective

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wīs

  1. wise

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old Saxon

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Germanic*wīsaz, fromProto-Indo-European*weydstos(“knowledgeable”), an extension of*weyd-(“to see, to know”). Akin toOld Englishwīs,Old High Germanwīs andOld Norsevíss.

Adjective

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wīs

  1. wise

Declension

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Positive forms of wis
Strong declension
singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominativewiswiswiswise,wisawisawis,wisa
accusativewisan,wisenwisawiswisa,wisewisawis,wisa
genitivewises,wisaswisara,wisarowises,wisaswisaro,wisoro,wiserowisaro,wisoro,wiserowisaro,wisoro,wisero
dativewisumu,wisum,wisun,wisun,wison,wisen,wisanwisaro,wisaru,wisarawisumu,wisum,wisun,wisun,wison,wisen,wisanwisun,wison,wisumwisun,wisonwisun,wison,wisum
Weak declension
singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominativewiso,wisawisa,wisewisa,wisewison,wisunwison,wisun,wisanwison,wisun
accusativewison,wisanwisun,wison,wisanwisa,wisewison,wisunwison,wisun,wisanwison,wisun
genitivewisen,wisanwisun,wisan,wisenwisen,wisanwisono,wisenowisonowisono,wiseno
dativewison,wisen,wisanwisun,wisanwison,wisen,wisanwison,wisunwison,wisunwison,wisun
Comparative forms of wis (weak only)
Weak declension
singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominativewisoro,wisorawisora,wisorewisora,wisorewisoron,wisorunwisoron,wisorun,wisoranwisoron,wisorun
accusativewisoron,wisoranwisorun,wisoron,wisoranwisora,wisorewisoron,wisorunwisoron,wisorun,wisoranwisoron,wisorun
genitivewisoren,wisoranwisorun,wisoran,wisorenwisoren,wisoranwisorono,wisorenowisoronowisorono,wisoreno
dativewisoron,wisoren,wisoranwisorun,wisoranwisoron,wisoren,wisoranwisoron,wisorunwisoron,wisorunwisoron,wisorun
Superlative forms of wis
Strong declension
singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominativewisostwisostwisostwisoste,wisostawisostawisost,wisosta
accusativewisostan,wisostenwisostawisostwisosta,wisostewisostawisost,wisosta
genitivewisostes,wisostaswisostara,wisostarowisostes,wisostaswisostaro,wisostoro,wisosterowisostaro,wisostoro,wisosterowisostaro,wisostoro,wisostero
dativewisostumu,wisostum,wisostun,wisostun,wisoston,wisosten,wisostanwisostaro,wisostaru,wisostarawisostumu,wisostum,wisostun,wisostun,wisoston,wisosten,wisostanwisostun,wisoston,wisostumwisostun,wisostonwisostun,wisoston,wisostum
Weak declension
singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominativewisosto,wisostawisosta,wisostewisosta,wisostewisoston,wisostunwisoston,wisostun,wisostanwisoston,wisostun
accusativewisoston,wisostanwisostun,wisoston,wisostanwisosta,wisostewisoston,wisostunwisoston,wisostun,wisostanwisoston,wisostun
genitivewisosten,wisostanwisostun,wisostan,wisostenwisosten,wisostanwisostono,wisostenowisostonowisostono,wisosteno
dativewisoston,wisosten,wisostanwisostun,wisostanwisoston,wisosten,wisostanwisoston,wisostunwisoston,wisostunwisoston,wisostun

Descendants

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Polish

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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wis m inan

  1. (Lasovia)synonym oftatarak
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:tatarak

Further reading

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  • Oskar Kolberg (1865), “wis”, inLud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page266

Scots

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Etymology

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CompareWest Frisianwie.

Verb

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wis

  1. simplepast tense ofbe
    • 1983,William Lorimer, transl.,The New Testament in Scots, Edinburgh: Canongate, published2001,→ISBN,→OCLC,John 8:58,page177:
      "Trowth an atweill, I tell ye," Jesus answert, "afore iver Abrahamwis born, I am."
      "Undoubtedly, I tell you," Jesus answered, "even before Abrahamwas born, I existed."

Usage notes

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Wis is used with singular pronouns and plural nouns, andwis,war orwir are used with plural pronouns.

See also

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Tagalog

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From alteration ofwas.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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wis (Baybayin spellingᜏᜒᜐ᜔)(gayslang)

  1. alternative form ofwas

West Frisian

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Etymology

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Seewitte(“to know, be sure”). Cognate withEnglishwis.

Adjective

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wis

  1. certain,sure
  2. true
  3. safe,trustworthy

Inflection

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Inflection ofwis
uninflectedwis
inflectedwisse
comparativewisser
positivecomparativesuperlative
predicative/adverbialwiswisseritwist
itwiste
indefinitec. sing.wissewisserewiste
n. sing.wiswisserwiste
pluralwissewisserewiste
definitewissewisserewiste
partitivewiswissers—

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “wis (I)”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011
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