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winter

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Winter

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishwinter, fromOld Englishwinter, fromProto-Germanic*wintruz(“winter”). Cognate withWest Frisianwinter(“winter”),Dutchwinter(“winter”),GermanWinter(“winter”),Danish,Swedish andNorwegianvinter(“winter”),Icelandicvetur(“winter”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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winter (countable anduncountable,pluralwinters)

Winter in Austria
  2. Traditionally the fourth of the fourseasons, typically regarded as being from December to February in continental regions of the NorthernHemisphere or the months ofJune,July, andAugust in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the time when the sun is lowest in the sky, resulting in short days, and the time of year with the lowest atmospherictemperatures for the region.
    • a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor,Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie."‎[1], London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original byLanfranc of Milan, published1894,→ISBN, page63:
      Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þewyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.
    • 1592, Shakespeare,Henry VI, Part 1:
      And after summer evermore succeeds
      Barrenwinter, with his wrathful nipping cold.
    • 1650,Thomas Browne, “Of the Cameleon”, inPseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […],→OCLC, 3rd book,page133:
      It cannot be denied it [thechameleon] is (if not the moſt of any) a very abſtemious animall, and ſuch as by reaſon of its frigidity, paucity of bloud, and latitancy in thewinter (about which time the obſervations are often made) will long ſubſist without a viſible ſuſtentation.
    • 1785,William Cowper, “Tirocinium: or, A Review of Schools." inThe Poems of William Cowper, Vol. II., The Press of C. Whittingham (1822), page174:
      There shall he learn, ere sixteenwinters old,
      That [...]
    • 1897,William Morris,The Water of the Wondrous Isles, volume I, Longmans, Green and Co., published1914, page2:
      […] a woman, tall, and strong of aspect, of some thirtywinters by seeming, [...]
  3. (figuratively, poetic) The period of decay, old age, death, or the like.
    • 1814,William Wordsworth,The Excursion:
      Life's autumn past, I stand onwinter's verge.
    • 2023, Ben Armstrong,Catching Up to Crypto, page78:
      Buterin seemed to sense that the market was out of balance, and he made a smart decision that helped Ethereum weather the cryptowinter and continue to build while the market was down.
  4. (countable, fashion) Someone with dark skin, eyes and hair, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing.
  5. (obsolete) Anappliance to befixed on the front of agrate, to keep akettle warm, etc.
  6. (India, archaic) Therainy season.
    • 1584, Barret, in Hakl. ii. 413
      Note that the Citie of Goa is the principall place of all the Oriental India, and thewinter thus beginneth the 15 of May, with very great raine.
    • 1610, Finch, in Purchas, i. 423
      TheWinter heere beginneth about the first of Iune and dureth till the twentieth of September, but not with continuall raines as at Goa, but for some sixe or seuen dayes every change and full, with much wind, thunder and raine.
    • 1678, Fryer, 410
      In Winter (when they rarely stir) they have a Mumjama, or Wax Cloth to throw over it […]
    • 1770,—Raynal, tr. 1777, i. 34
      The mere breadth of these mountains divides summer fromwinter, that is to say, the season of fine weather from the rainy […] all that is meant bywinter in India is the time of the year when the clouds […] are driven violently by the winds against the mountains, […]

Usage notes

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Note that season names are not capitalized in modern English except where any noun would be capitalized, e.g. at the beginning of a sentence or as part of a name (Old Man Winter, theWinter War,Summer Glau). This is in contrast to thedays of the week andmonths of the year, which are always capitalized (Thursday orSeptember).

Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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fourth season, marked by short days and the lowest temperatures

See also

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Seasons in English ·seasons(layout ·text) ·category
springsummerautumn,fallwinter

Verb

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winter (third-person singular simple presentwinters,present participlewintering,simple past and past participlewintered)

  1. (intransitive) Tospend the winter (in a particular place).
    When they retired, they hoped towinter in Florida.
    • 2022 December 27, “Ukraine war: Five ways conflict could go in 2023”, inBBC News‎[2]:
      Those who seek to invade another country anywhere across the great Eurasian steppes are condemned eventually towinter in it.
  2. (transitive) Tostore something (for instanceanimals) somewhere over winter to protect it fromcold.

Derived terms

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Translations

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spend the winter, as in a particular place on holiday
store over winter

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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FromDutchwinter, fromMiddle Dutchwinter, fromOld Dutchwinter, fromProto-Germanic*wintruz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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winter (pluralwinters)

  1. winter

See also

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Seasons in Afrikaans ·seisoene(layout ·text) ·category
lente,voorjaar(“spring”)somer(“summer”)herfs,najaar(“autumn”)winter(“winter”)

Alemannic German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanwinter, fromOld High Germanwintar, fromProto-Germanic*wintruz. Cognate withGermanWinter,Dutchwinter,Englishwinter,Swedishvinter.

Noun

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winter m

  1. (Issime, Carcoforo)winter

See also

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Seasons in Alemannic German ·Italian Walser(layout ·text) ·category
Carcoforo:ustog
Formazza:langsé
Gressoney:ustag
Issime:oustaga
Rimella:üstàg		ŝchummer
summer
sòmmer
summer
ŝchumer		herbscht
herbscht
herbscht
hérbscht
harpscht		winter
wénter
wénter
winter
wenter

References

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchwinter, fromOld Dutchwinter, fromProto-Germanic*wintruz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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winter m (pluralwinters,diminutivewintertje n)

  1. winter
    Dewinter van dat jaar was bijzonder koud. ―Thewinter of that year was exceptionally cold.
    Kinderen speelden in de sneeuw tijdens dewinter. ―Children played in the snow during thewinter.
    Hetwintertje was mild en aangenaam. ―The shortwinter was mild and pleasant.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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See also

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Seasons in Dutch ·seizoenen(layout ·text) ·category
voorjaar(“spring”),lente(“spring”)zomer(“summer”)herfst(“autumn”),najaar(“autumn”)winter(“winter”)

Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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FromOld Dutchwinter, fromProto-Germanic*wintruz.

Noun

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winter m

  1. winter

Inflection

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This noun needs aninflection-table template.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishwinter, fromProto-West Germanic*wintru, fromProto-Germanic*wintruz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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winter (pluralwintres)

  1. winter

Descendants

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References

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See also

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Seasons in Middle English ·sesounes(layout ·text) ·category
lenten,spryngsomerhervest,autumpnewinter

Middle High German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    FromOld High Germanwintar, fromProto-West Germanic*wintru, fromProto-Germanic*wintruz.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (before 13th CE)/ˈwintər/

    Noun

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    winter m

    1. winter

    Declension

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    Declension ofwinter (strong masculine without umlaut)
    singularplural
    indef.def.noundef.noun
    nominativeeindërwinterdiewinter,wintere
    genitiveeinesdëswinters,winteresdërwinter,wintere
    dativeeimedëmwinter,winteredënwintern,winteren
    accusativeeinendënwinterdiewinter,wintere

    Related terms

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    Descendants

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    See also

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    Seasons in Middle High German ·[Term?](layout ·text) ·category
    lenze(“spring”)sumer(“summer”)herbest(“autumn”)winter(“winter”)

    References

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    • Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “winter”, inMittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
    • "winter" in Köbler, Gerhard,Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014)

    Old Dutch

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    Etymology

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    FromProto-Germanic*wintruz.

    Noun

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    winter m

    1. winter

    Inflection

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    Declension ofwinter (masculine a-stem noun)
    casesingularplural
    nominativewinterwintera
    accusativewinterwintera
    genitivewintereswintero
    dativewinterewinteron

    Descendants

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    Further reading

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    • “winter”, inOudnederlands Woordenboek,2012

    Old English

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    Etymology

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    From earlier*wintr <*wintru, fromProto-Germanic*wintruz. Cognate withOld Frisianwinter,Old Saxonwintar,Old Dutchwinter,Old High Germanwintar,Old Norsevetr,Gothic𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃(wintrus).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    winter m

    1. winter
      • late 9th century,translation ofBede'sEcclesiastical History
        ...þis ēalond hafað myċele lengran dagas on sumera, ⁊ swā ēac nihta onwintra, þonne ðā sūðdǣlas middanġeardes.
        ...this island has much longer days in the summer, and equally longer nights in thewinter, than the southern parts of the world..
    2. year
      • The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
        Iċ ðē seċġe lxxxwintra of ðām trēowcynne ðe is nemned Sem.
        I tell thee, eightyyears, of the wood that is called Sem
      • The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
        An. DCCXLI Hēr Æþelheard cing forðferde, ⁊ feng Cūþrēd tō Westseaxna rīċe, ⁊ heold XXVIwintra, ⁊ heardlīċe hē ġewann wiþ Æþelwald cing. ⁊ Cūþbriht wæs tō arċebisċeope ġehālgod, ⁊ Dunn bisċeop tō Hrofesċeastre.
        Year 741 In this year King Aethelhard died, and Cuthred ascended to the West Saxon throne. He held it for 26years, and fought bravely against King Aethelwald. And Cuthbright was ordained archbishop, and Dunn ordained bishop of Rochester.

    Usage notes

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    Thedative/instrumental usually retains the older u-stem formwintra, even in later Old English.

    Declension

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    Stronga-stem:

    singularplural
    nominativewinterwintras
    accusativewinterwintras
    genitivewintreswintra
    dativewintre,wintrawintrum

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    See also

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    Seasons in Old English ·tīde(layout ·text) ·category
    lencten(“spring”)sumor(“summer”)hærfest(“autumn”)winter(“winter”)

    References

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    Scots

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    Etymology

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    FromMiddle Englishwinter, fromOld Englishwinter, fromProto-Germanic*wintruz.

    Noun

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    winter (pluralwinters)

    1. winter

    West Frisian

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    Etymology

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    FromOld Frisianwinter, fromProto-Germanic*wintruz.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    winter c (pluralwinters,diminutivewinterke)

    1. winter

    Derived terms

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    See also

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    Seasons in West Frisian ·seizoenen(layout ·text) ·category
    maaitiid(“spring”),foarjier(“spring”)simmer(“summer”)hjerst(“autumn”),neijier(“autumn”)winter(“winter”)

    Further reading

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    • “winter”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=winter&oldid=84213045"
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