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whitewash

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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WOTD – 31 August 2025

Etymology

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A young man inBukhara,Uzbekistan, painting with whitewash(nounsense 1).

Thenoun is derived fromwhite(adjective) +‎wash(noun).[1] Nounsense 5.1 (“medicinal preparation for treating skin diseases”) is acalque ofNew Latinlōtiōalba(literallywhite wash).

Theverb is derived partly fromwhite(adjective) +‎wash(verb), and partly from the noun.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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whitewash (countable anduncountable,pluralwhitewashes)

  1. (uncountable) Amixture of apowderedmineralsubstance (oftenslaked lime (containingcalcium hydroxide),chalk (calcium carbonate), or both) andwater which isused forpaintingsurfaces such asfences andwallsbrightwhite.
    • 1952, L. F. Salzman,Building in England, page157:
      For walls plaster gave a smooth white surface; or if it was not sufficiently white, or had become discoloured, it could be brightened up with a coat ofwhitewash or paint.
  2. (countable, figurative)
    1. Athing used tohidemistakes, or tocreate anappearance ofhonesty,propriety, etc.; also(often politics), an act of hiding mistakes or creating an appearance of honesty, propriety, etc.; especially, acampaign,investigation, etc., whichintentionally hides oroverlooksunfavourablefacts.
      Antonym:blackwash
      Coordinate term:eyewash
      • 2018 January 24, Hannah Beech, Rick Gladstone, “Citing ‘Whitewash,’ Bill Richardson Quits Rohingya Post”, inThe New York Times[1], New York, N.Y.:The New York Times Company,→ISSN,→OCLC:
        “She has developed an arrogance of power,” Mr. Richardson said by telephone during a layover in Tokyo on his way back to New Mexico from Myanmar. “I’ve known her a long time and am fond of her, but she basically is unwilling to listen to bad news, and I don’t want to be part of awhitewash.”
        (Can wearchive thisURL?)
      • 2019 June 13, Kalyeena Makortoff, “FCA report into RBS called a 'complete whitewash' by critics”, inKatharine Viner, editor,The Guardian[2], London:Guardian News & Media,→ISSN,→OCLC:
        A report by the City watchdog into the scandal at Royal Bank of Scotland’s turnaround unit has been described as awhitewash after the regulator confirmed it would not punish the bank for mistreating business customers following the financial crash.
        (Can wearchive thisURL?)
    2. (business) Anact ofclearing aperson'sdebts, especially through adeclaration ofbankruptcy by acourt.
    3. (sports, originally baseball) Acompletevictory orseries of victories withoutsuffering anylosses; aclean sweep; also, a victory or series of victories by a verylargemargin.
      • 2010, Andrew Miller,Cricinfo:
        For the first time in a long time, Australia are being threatened with the prospect of a 5-0whitewash
  3. (uncountable, cooking) The mostbasictype ofthickening agent,consisting offlourblended with water tomake apaste.
  4. (countable, cosmetics, historical) Apreparation for making theskinlooklighter.
    • 1713,Joseph Addison,The Guardian:
      I have heard a whole Sermon against aWhite-wash.
  5. (obsolete)
    1. (pharmacology, countable) Any of severalmedicinal preparations fortreating skindiseases consisting of a mixture of ametalliccompound (such as one oflead,sulfur, orzinc) and water.
    2. (wine, slang, uncountable)White wine, especiallyMadeira orsherry,drunk afterdinner or aftertakingclaret andport;(countable) aglass of suchwine.
      • 1883,Cassell's Dictionary of Cookery, page lxxxiii:
        The bottles, however, were port bottles, but contained mushroom ketchup; and we can only say with regard to the 15s. sherry, that it would have made an admirable "whitewash," as Sheridan's glass is still sometimes called,[]
      • 1950,Wine & the Wine Trade, page28:
        Sercial was also used as a sort ofwhite-wash after the Port at dinner, those were the days when people had time to drink both Port and aWhite wash.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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mixture of a powdered mineral substance and water which is used for painting
thing used to hide mistakes, or to create an appearance of honesty, propriety, etc.
  • Finnish:peittely (fi)
  • French:please add this translation if you can
act of hiding mistakes or creating an appearance of honesty, propriety, etc.; campaign, investigation, etc., which intentionally hides or overlooks unfavourable facts
act of clearing a person’s debts, especially through a declaration of bankruptcy by a court
complete victory or series of victories without suffering any losses; victory or series of victories by a very large marginsee alsoclean sweep
thickening agent consisting of flour blended with water to make a paste
preparation for making the skin look lighter

Verb

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whitewash (third-person singular simple presentwhitewashes,present participlewhitewashing,simple past and past participlewhitewashed)

  1. (transitive)
    1. Topaint (abuilding, awall, etc.) abrightwhite withwhitewash(nounsense 1).
      The houses looked very bright after they hadwhitewashed the whole neighbourhood.
      • 1978, Commissioner for Labour, “Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Amendment) Regulations 1978”, inHong Kong Government Gazette[3], pageB538:
        Provided that any such window or skylight may bewhitewashed or shaded for the purpose of mitigating heat orglare.
    2. (figurative)
      1. (derogatory) Todistort orgive amisleadingaccount of (history, anarrative, etc.) bydiscounting theparticipation ofpeopleof colour andfocusing on white people.
        • 2015 August 6, Ernest Owens, “Hollywood, Don’t You Dare Whitewash Stonewall”, inHuffPost[4], archived fromthe original on16 April 2025:
          If you appreciate historical accuracy and fair inclusion, don't go see this film[Stonewall (2015)]. If you don’t want to fuel the economy at another Hollywood attempt ofwhitewashing American history, don't give any aspect of this film a single dime or promotion.
        • 2017 June 20, Corey Atad, “Lost in Adaptation”, inSlate[5], New York, N.Y.:The Slate Group,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on10 June 2025:
          Sofia Coppola'sThe Beguiled cuts the book's black characters,whitewashing its tale of the Civil War–era South. At this point, that's hardly a surprise.[subtitle]
        1. (chiefly film, television) Tocast a whiteactor in arole for a person of colour in (afilm,television programme, etc.).
        2. (media) Tomake over (someone of colour) so that they appear more white, for example, byapplyinglighteningmakeup to theirskin ordigitallymanipulating animage of them.
          • 2019 January 23, Justin McCurry, “Naomi Osaka sponsor apologises for ‘whitewashing’ tennis star in ad”, inKatharine Viner, editor,The Guardian[7], London:Guardian News & Media,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on13 December 2024:
            One ofNaomi Osaka's sponsors has been forced to apologise after depicting the Japanese tennis star, who is half-Haitian, with pale skin in an advertisement.[] The company said it had not intended to "whitewash" the athlete,[] The ad, which also features her compatriotKei Nishikori, drew criticism on social media, with many users accusing Nissin ofwhitewashing Osaka, whose mother is Japanese.
      2. (chiefly literary and poetic, often passive voice) Tocover orcoat (something) with a white substance, as if with whitewash(nounsense 1); also, tolight up (something) withwhite light.
      3. (business) Toclear (someone's)debts, especially through adeclaration ofbankruptcy by acourt; also, to clear orwrite off (a debt).
        • 1836,Charles Dickens,The Pickwick Papers43:
          Meanwhile, Sam, having been formally introduced to thewhitewashed gentleman and his friends, as the offspring of Mr. Weller, of the Belle Savage, was treated with marked distinction, and invited to regale himself with them in honour of the occasion—an invitation which he was by no means backward in accepting.
      4. (often politics) Tohide (someone's)mistakes, or tocreate anappearance ofhonesty,propriety, etc., for (someone); also, tointentionally hide oroverlook (mistakes,unfavourablefacts,wrongdoing, etc.).
        Synonyms:cover up;gloss over;paper over
        Antonym:blackwash
        In his sermon, the minister didn’t try towhitewash over the sins of his church.
        • 1740,Colley Cibber, chapter I, inAn Apology for the Life of Mr. Colley Cibber, [], London: [] John Watts for the author,→OCLC,page 3:
          Novv, Sir, vvhen my Time comes, leſt they ſhou'd think it vvorth vvhile to handle my Memory vvith the ſame Freedom, I am vvilling to prevent its being ſo odly beſmear'd (or at beſt but flatlyvvhite-vvash'd) by taking upon me to give the Publick This, as true a Picture of myſelf as natural Vanity vvill permit me to dravv;[]
        • 2015 November 12, Se-Woong Koo, “South Korea’s textbook whitewash”, inThe New York Times[8], New York, N.Y.:The New York Times Company,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on7 March 2025:
          The books have yet to be written. But there is no question that Ms.Park[Geun-hye] and her Saenuri Party willwhitewash the past to bolster the conservative cause at the expense of the education system and South Korea's international reputation as a democracy, and harm Seoul's attempt to hold Japan accountable for its wartime conduct.
        • 2024 January 6, Nick Robertson, “Fanone says GOP lawmakers attempt to ‘whitewash’ Jan. 6 due to ‘politically inconvenient’ reality”, inThe Hill[9], Washington, D.C.: Capitol Hill Publishing Company,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on12 August 2024:
          “It pisses me off to see Republican lawmakers continue to spread the lies and conspiracy theories regarding January 6, in an attempt towhitewash that day, because it’s politically inconvenient for them to acknowledge the reality of what happened,”[Michael] Fanone said during an MSNBC interview Friday.
      5. (sports, originally baseball, informal) Toachieve acompletevictory orseries of victories over (anopponent) withoutsuffering anylosses; also, to achieve a victory or series of victories over (an opponent) by a verylargemargin.
        Synonym:(slang)skunk
        Australiawhitewashed the West Indies 3–0.
    3. (cosmetics, archaic or historical) Tomake (theface, etc.)looklighter with makeup or a similarpreparation.
    4. (obsolete)Synonym ofbleach(totreat (fabric) with asubstance whichlightens orwhitens).
  2. (intransitive)
    1. To paint bright white with whitewash(nounsense 1).
    2. (figurative, business) To have debts cleared through a declaration of bankruptcy by a court.
    3. (masonry, archaic) Ofbricks: tobecomeencrusted with a whitelayer ofsolublesalts due toefflorescence.

Derived terms

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Translations

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(transitive) to paint (a building, a wall, etc.) a bright white with whitewash; (intransitive) to paint bright white with whitewash
(transitive) to distort or give a misleading account of (history, a narrative, etc.) by discounting the participation of people of colour and focusing on white people
(transitive) to cast a white actor in a role for a person of colour in (a film, television programme, etc.)
(transitive) to make over (someone of colour) so that they appear more white
(transitive) to cover or coat (something) with a white substance, as if with whitewash
(transitive) to light up (something) with white light
(transitive) to clear (someone’s) debts, especially through a declaration of bankruptcy by a court; (intransitive) to have debts cleared through a declaration of bankruptcy by a court
(transitive) to clear or write off (a debt)seewrite off
(transitive) to hide (someone’s) mistakes, or to create an appearance of honesty, propriety, etc., for (someone); to intentionally hide or overlook (mistakes, unfavourable facts, wrongdoing, etc.)
(transitive) to achieve a complete victory or series of victories over (an opponent) without suffering any losses; to achieve a victory or series of victories over (an opponent) by a very large margin
(transiive) to make (the face, etc.) look lighter with makeup or a similar preparation
  • Finnish:valkaista (fi)
  • French:please add this translation if you can
(intransitive) of bricks: to become encrusted with a white layer of soluble salts due to efflorescence

References

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  1. ^whitewash,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, December 2024;whitewash,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  2. ^whitewash,v.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, March 2025;whitewash,v.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

Further reading

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