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von

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:vón,vốn,vőn,Vón,vȯņ,вон,andвонь

Cimbrian

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle High Germanvon, fromOld High Germanfon(“from”), fromProto-Germanic*afanē,*fanē,*funē. Cognate withGermanvon.

Preposition

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von

(Sette Comuni, + dative)from,of
Von bannont khèmmatar? ―Where do you comefrom?
Von béeme piisto? ―Whose are you? (literally, “Of whom are you?”)
'S gaplèttarakhvon dennàndarn tüut nia bóol.
Other people's stuff is never good.
(literally, “The stuffof others never does well.”)

von

von +in, from the, of the

References

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“bon” inMartalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974)Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Friulian

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Etymology

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Probably ultimately from a derivative ofLatinavus, or a related term, possibly a diminutive. CompareItalianavo,avolo. Cf. also archaicRomanianbun(“grandfather”) (modernbunic), CalabrianSicilian andPiedmontesebona(“grandmother”).

Noun

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von m (pluralvons)

grandfather
Synonym:nono

Related terms

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German

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Alternative forms

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v.(abbreviation)

Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanvon(“from”), fromOld High Germanfon,fona(“from”), fromProto-West Germanic*fanā, fromProto-Germanic*afanē,*fanē,*funē(“from”), compound of*afa (fromProto-Indo-European*h₂epó(“from, off”)) +*ana (fromProto-Indo-European*h₂en-(“on”)).

Cognate withOld Saxonfana,fan(“from”),Dutchvan(“from; of”),Old Frisianfon(“from”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /fɔn/,[fɔn]
Audio: (file)

Preposition

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von [withdative]

from
Ich fahrevon Köln nach Hamburg.
I'm travellingfrom Cologne to Hamburg.
Ich hab’svon meiner Schwester gehört.
I heard itfrom my sister.
of, belonging to (often replacing genitive; see usage note below)
das Auto meines Vaters =das Autovon meinem Vater ―my father’s car / the carof my father
by (with passive voice)
Synonym:durch
Das Hotel wirdvon der Firma bezahlt.
The hotel is paid forby the company.
about,of (a topic)
Er hatvon seiner Jugend erzählt.
He toldabout his youth.
- 1796, Abraham Sahlstedt,Schwedische Grammatik nach dem Sprachgebrauch unserer Zeiten, Lübeck & Leipzig, page259:
  Von dem Nomine Substantivo, oder dem Hauptworte.
  About the substantive noun, or the [alternative term].(headline)
on,with (a resource)
Von welchem Geld soll ich als Arbeitsloser in Urlaub fahren?
Being unemployed,on what money should I go on holidays?
Man kann nicht nurvon Luft und Liebe leben.
You can’t liveon air and love alone.(proverb)

Usage notes

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(from): English “from” is generally expressed by means ofvon, butaus is often used with words for settlements and territories (likeLand,Stadt,Dorf, as well as geographical names). One usesvon when both the places “from which” and “to which” are given:Dieser Zug fährtvon Köln nach Hamburg. – “This train goes from Cologne to Hamburg.” If the further direction is not given,aus is the normal choice:Dieser Zug kommtaus Köln. – “This train is coming from Cologne.” The phrase:Dieser Zug kommt von Köln is not wrong but has a colloquial ring to it.
(of): The prepositionvon is used to replacepossessive andpartitive genitives, sometimes alsoprepositions that govern thegenitive. Such replacement can be obligatory, optional, or restricted to thecolloquial register:

It isobligatory if the genitive cannot be expressed grammatically, which is the case withcommon nouns not preceded by anydeclinable articles,determiners, oradjectives:die Rechte von Kindern (“children’s rights”);der Geschmack von Käse (“the taste of cheese”). This is also true of mostsingular,demonstrative pronouns and often true of allpersonal pronouns:der Geschmack von diesem (“the taste of this”);ein Freund von mir (“a friend of mine”);*ein Freund meiner is archaic in modern German.

The replacement isoptional in cases such as the following:

1.) with those pronouns that do have an applicable genitive form, chiefly plurals:die Arbeit vieler =die Arbeit von vielen (“the work of many”);

2.) with fixed genitive pronoun expressions such asunser aller orihrer beider, for example:für unser aller Zukunft =für die Zukunft von uns allen(“for the future of us all”), or whenselbst follows the personal pronoun in the sense ofoneself:ein Teil meiner selbst =ein Teil von mir (selbst)(“a part of myself”);

3.) with the numeral genitiveszweier anddreier (see the Declension sections ofzwei anddrei);

4.) withproper nouns, particularly geographical names:die Kirchen Roms =die Kirchen von Rom (“the churches of Rome”);

5.) with common nouns preceded only by an adjective:die Rechte kleiner Kinder =die Rechte von kleinen Kindern (“small children’s rights”).

The replacement iscolloquial in most other cases. Any possessive or partitive genitive can, per se, be replaced with avon-phrase, which is normal in speech, and virtually obligatory in colloquial speech. In formal writing, however, it is generally considered incorrect and unusual. This is one of the gravest grammatical differences between colloquial and literary German.

In older usage,Latin nouns often occurred in theablative case aftervon. This is now obsolete, Latin case inflections never being used in contemporary German (except the genitives of a few personal names).

Inflection

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Pronominal adverbs ofvon

Preposition	von
+ wo-	wovon
+ da-	davon
+ hier-	hiervon

Derived terms

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Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈvon]
Hyphenation:von
Rhymes:-on

Etymology 1

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Of unknown origin.^[1]

Verb

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von

(transitive) topull,draw,attract
Synonym:húz
Félrevonta a barátját. ―He/shedrew/pulled his/her friend aside.
Magáhozvonta a lányt. ―Hedrew/pulled her closer to himself.
Magáravonta a tanára figyelmét. ―Hedrew/attracted his teacher’s attention.
(transitive) tocover,envelop,enclose,encircle,surround
Synonyms:fed,befed,beborít
Csokoládévalvonta be a felszínét. ―Shecovered its surface with chocolate.
Élőláncotvontak az épület köré. ―They formed a human chain around the building. (literally, “theyenclosed the building with…”)
A varázsló pajzsotvont maga köré. ―The wizardsurrounded himself with a shield.

Usage notes

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Many terms formed withvon are rendered in English with-tract, e.g.elvon(“to abstract”),összevon(“to contract”),levon(“to detract”),elvon(“to distract”),kivon(“to extract, subtract”), andvisszavon(“to retract”).

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofvon
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	vonok	vonsz	von	vonunk	vontok	vonnak
			def.	vonom	vonod	vonja	vonjuk	vonjátok	vonják
			2nd obj	vonlak
		past	indef.	vontam	vontál	vont	vontunk	vontatok	vontak
			def.	vontam	vontad	vonta	vontuk	vontátok	vonták
			2nd obj	vontalak
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verbfog, e.g.vonni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	vonék	vonál	vona	vonánk	vonátok	vonának
		def.	vonám	vonád	voná	vonánk	vonátok	vonák
		2nd obj	vonálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.von vala,vont vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	vonandok	vonandasz	vonand	vonandunk	vonandotok	vonandanak
		def.	vonandom	vonandod	vonandja	vonandjuk	vonandjátok	vonandják
		2nd obj	vonandalak

conditional		present	indef.	vonnék	vonnál	vonna	vonnánk	vonnátok	vonnának
	def.		vonnám	vonnád	vonná	vonnánk (or vonnók)	vonnátok	vonnák
	2nd obj		vonnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.vont volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	vonjak	vonj or vonjál	vonjon	vonjunk	vonjatok	vonjanak
			def.	vonjam	vond or vonjad	vonja	vonjuk	vonjátok	vonják
			2nd obj	vonjalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.vont légyen

infinitive		vonni		vonnom	vonnod	vonnia	vonnunk	vonnotok	vonniuk
other forms	vonás		vonó	vont	vonandó	vonva (vonván)		vonat (or vontat)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same-(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by-ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional-ik verbs).

Potential conjugation ofvon
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	vonhatok	vonhatsz	vonhat	vonhatunk	vonhattok	vonhatnak
			def.	vonhatom	vonhatod	vonhatja	vonhatjuk	vonhatjátok	vonhatják
			2nd obj	vonhatlak
		past	indef.	vonhattam	vonhattál	vonhatott	vonhattunk	vonhattatok	vonhattak
			def.	vonhattam	vonhattad	vonhatta	vonhattuk	vonhattátok	vonhatták
			2nd obj	vonhattalak
archaic preterite		indef.	vonhaték	vonhatál	vonhata	vonhatánk	vonhatátok	vonhatának
		def.	vonhatám	vonhatád	vonhatá	vonhatánk	vonhatátok	vonhaták
		2nd obj	vonhatálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.vonhat vala,vonhatott vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	vonhatandok or vonandhatok	vonhatandasz or vonandhatsz	vonhatand or vonandhat	vonhatandunk or vonandhatunk	vonhatandotok or vonandhattok	vonhatandanak or vonandhatnak
		def.	vonhatandom or vonandhatom	vonhatandod or vonandhatod	vonhatandja or vonandhatja	vonhatandjuk or vonandhatjuk	vonhatandjátok or vonandhatjátok	vonhatandják or vonandhatják
		2nd obj	vonhatandalak or vonandhatlak

conditional		present	indef.	vonhatnék	vonhatnál	vonhatna	vonhatnánk	vonhatnátok	vonhatnának
	def.		vonhatnám	vonhatnád	vonhatná	vonhatnánk (or vonhatnók)	vonhatnátok	vonhatnák
	2nd obj		vonhatnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.vonhatott volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	vonhassak	vonhass or vonhassál	vonhasson	vonhassunk	vonhassatok	vonhassanak
			def.	vonhassam	vonhasd or vonhassad	vonhassa	vonhassuk	vonhassátok	vonhassák
			2nd obj	vonhassalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.vonhatott légyen

infinitive		(vonhatni)		(vonhatnom)	(vonhatnod)	(vonhatnia)	(vonhatnunk)	(vonhatnotok)	(vonhatniuk)
other forms	vonható			vonhatatlan		(vonhatva /vonhatván)

Derived terms

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Expressions

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromKorean원(won,also圓 inhanja), fromSinitic圓／圆 (yuán, “circle” > “round coin”).

Noun

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von

won (currency)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in-o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	von	vonok
accusative	vont	vonokat
dative	vonnak	vonoknak
instrumental	vonnal	vonokkal
causal-final	vonért	vonokért
translative	vonná	vonokká
terminative	vonig	vonokig
essive-formal	vonként	vonokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	vonban	vonokban
superessive	vonon	vonokon
adessive	vonnál	vonoknál
illative	vonba	vonokba
sublative	vonra	vonokra
allative	vonhoz	vonokhoz
elative	vonból	vonokból
delative	vonról	vonokról
ablative	vontól	vonoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	voné	vonoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	vonéi	vonokéi

Possessive forms ofvon
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	vonom	vonjaim
2nd person sing.	vonod	vonjaid
3rd person sing.	vonja	vonjai
1st person plural	vonunk	vonjaink
2nd person plural	vonotok	vonjaitok
3rd person plural	vonjuk	vonjaik

References

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^von in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.).Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006,→ISBN. (See alsoits 2nd edition.)

Icelandic

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseván, fromProto-Germanic*wēniz.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /vɔːn/
Rhymes:-ɔːn

Noun

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von f (genitive singularvonar,nominative pluralvonir)

Declension

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Declension ofvon (feminine)
	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	von	vonin	vonir	vonirnar
accusative	von	vonina	vonir	vonirnar
dative	von	voninni	vonum	vonunum
genitive	vonar	vonarinnar	vona	vonanna