viņš m

1. thatone,that,theotherone,theother

There are several theories on the origin of this word. According to some, it has the same origin asone:Proto-Baltic*winyas, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁iH-n-os, fromProto-Indo-European*óynos,*éynos,*ínos (possibly from*h₁ey-,*ey-,*i-(“that; he”)), made into ayo-stem and with an extra initialw-.

Others suggest a connection withOld Prussianwinna(“outside”) (possibly <*winnā <*winnān), fromwins(“air (outside)”), derived from a possibleProto-Baltic*vina-.

A more recent suggestion is thatviņš results from a compound of an older*vin(“outside”) and*jis(“he”), hence*vin-j(i)s >viņš.*jis cognate toLatgalianjis andLithuanianjis.*vin cognate toOld Prussianwinna andOld Church Slavonicвънѣ(vŭně,“outside”). The feminineviņa forming accordingly*vin-ja >viņa, pointing to an earlierLatvian*ja(“she”), probably formed by analogy with an olderProto-Baltic*jās(“pl. she”). The dialectal (PildaLatgalian) formsveńìs (masc.),veńei (fem.) lends this theory support, as they appear constructed identically but with cognate Latgalian formsLatgalianjis(“he”) andLatgalianjei(“she”).^[1] The declension also bears resemblence to Latgalian and Lithuanian cognates.

• IPA^(key): [viɲʃ]

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5=6=pro

viņš(personal, 3rd person singular masculine)(fem.viņa,masc.pl.viņi,fem.pl.viņas)

1. he;third person pronoun, referring to someone other than the speaker or addressee

   ienāca lektors,viņu saņēma aplausiem ―the lecturer came in, (the audience) receivedhim with applause

   to sacījaviņa tēvs ―his father said that

   Blaumanis aizbrauca uz Valmieru; tur notika “Indrānu” izrāde, kurā arīviņam pašam bija loma ―Blaumanis went to Valmiera; there was the “Indrāni” show, in which he himself had (= played) a part

2. his(in thegenitive, aspart ofcertaintitles)

   viņa eminence, majestāte, augstība ―his eminence, majesty, highness

3. he(referring tomasculineanimals,objects, etc.)

   sunim nezin kas uznācis, sāka pa vakariem gaudot, tā ka vajadzēja aizvest uz riju un ieslodzīt pelavu pūnītē, turviņš gan vaimanāja vēl skaļāk ―the dog didn't know what come up, began to howl in the evening, so that it was necessary to take him to the barn and lock him up, (and) therehe howled even louder

4. (usually as a non-nominativedeterminer)that, theother (one);distal demonstrative

   viņā malā, galā, puse ―on theother bank, end, side

   aiziet līdzviņam stūriem ―to go up tothat,the other corner

   viņās dienās ―inthose days (= in earlier days, in the past)

   viņos laikos ―inthose times (= in old, ancient times)

   te pa ceļu noviņas puses kāds brauc ―here on the road someone is going (by) from theother side

• viņējs

• vietniekvārds

• Latvian etymologies from LEV
• Latgalian lemmas
• Latgalian pronouns
• Latgalian demonstrative pronouns
• Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
• Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
• Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
• Latvian lemmas
• Latvian pronouns
• Latvian personal pronouns
• Latvian terms with usage examples
• Latvian demonstrative pronouns

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