Inherited fromOld Leonesevós fromLatinvōs.
vós
- you(subject pronoun: the group being addressed)
- (dated)thou,thee (an elevated form of you, singular)
- “vós”, inDiccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1ª edición,Academia de la Llingua Asturiana,2000,→ISBN
- Xosé Lluis García Arias (2002–2004), “vós”, inDiccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana,→ISBN
Inherited fromLatinvōs, fromProto-Italic*wōs.
vós (strong)
- you
- Vós is a polite form, used when addressing a single person. It is used with the second personplural form of the verb. (Compare the polite usage ofvous in French.)
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics | | strong/subject | weak (direct object) | weak (indirect object) | possessive |
|---|
| proclitic | enclitic | proclitic | enclitic |
|---|
| singular | 1st
person | standard | jo,mi3 | em,m’ | -me,’m | em,m’ | -me,’m | meu |
|---|
| majestic1 | nós | ens | -nos,’ns | ens | -nos,’ns | nostre |
|---|
2nd
person | standard | tu | et,t’ | -te,’t | et,t’ | -te,’t | teu |
|---|
| formal1 | vós | us | -vos,-us | us | -vos,-us | vostre |
|---|
| very formal2 | vostè | el,l’ | -lo,’l | li | -li | seu |
|---|
3rd
person | m | ell | el,l’ | -lo,’l | li | -li | seu |
|---|
| f | ella | la,l’4 | -la | li | -li | seu |
|---|
| n | | ho | -ho | li | -li | seu |
|---|
| plural |
|---|
| 1st person | nosaltres | ens | -nos,’ns | ens | -nos,’ns | nostre |
|---|
2nd
person | standard | vosaltres | us | -vos,-us | us | -vos,-us | vostre |
|---|
| formal2 | vostès | els | -los,’ls | els | -los,’ls | seu |
|---|
3rd
person | m | ells | els | -los,’ls | els | -los,’ls | seu |
|---|
| f | elles | les | -les | els | -los,’ls | seu |
|---|
| 3rd person reflexive | si | es,s’ | -se,’s | es,s’ | -se,’s | seu |
|---|
| adverbial | ablative/genitive | | en,n’ | -ne,’n | | | |
|---|
| locative | | hi | -hi | | | |
|---|
1 Behaves grammatically as plural. 2 Behaves grammatically as third person.
3 Only as object of a preposition. 4 Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.
- “vós”, inDiccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition,Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan:Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
- “vós”, inGran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana,Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana,2025
- “vós” inDiccionari normatiu valencià,Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “vós” inDiccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
FromOld Galician-Portuguesevos, fromLatinvōs.
vós (accusativevos,dativevos)
- second-person plural nominative personal pronoun;you
- Synonyms:vosoutros,vostedes
- (dated, dialectal)thou,thee (an elevated form of you, singular)
- Synonym:vostede
1310, E. Portela Silva, editor,La región del obispado de Tuy en los siglos XII a XV, Santiago: Tip. El Eco Franciscano, page384:De min dom ffernan ffernandez de Lima Avos Pero viçente de Martin meu omme Saude- From me Don Fernán Fernández de Limia tothee Pedro Vicente de Martín, my man, hail
1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada,Romance:An que me trataches bén
si'ávesita non pagàs
dou ò demo pè ala poño
nin me alembro devòs màis.- Although thou treated me well
If the visitthou don't pay [lit. you (plural) don't pay]
No way I'm putting a feet there
Or rememberingthee anymore
Whenvós is a polite form, addressing a single person, is used with the second personplural form of the verb. Compare the polite usage ofvous in French andvós in Catalan.
- Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González;Granja, María Álvarez de la;Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “vos”, inDicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “vos”, inCorpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “vós”, inDicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “vós”, inTesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “vós”, inTesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega,→ISSN
FromLatinvōs.
vós
- you(second-person plural pronoun) (elevated?)
1276,Documents from San Andrés de Espinareda (Bierzo)[1]:
- ^María de las Nieves Sánchez González de Herrero,La documentación de San Andrés de Espinareda, inRevista de Filología Española (Nº103, 2023, pages 505-532)
FromOld Galician-Portuguesevos, fromLatinvōs, fromProto-Indo-European*wōs.
vós m pl orf plby sense
- (archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, orhumorous)you,ye(second-person plural nominative and prepositional personal pronoun)
- Synonyms:vocês,os senhores
- Vós deveis fugir. ―Ye must flee.
- Aonde idesvós? ―Whither goye?
- (archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, orhumorous)you,thou(second-person singular nominative and prepositional pronoun used when addressing a deity, noble or certain powerful officials)
- Synonyms:tu,você,o senhor
Deus,vós sois a minha força.- God,thou art my strength.
- vós has been almost fully replaced byvocês; while some northern dialects of Portugal retain its usage, it is otherwise archaic and literary.
vós f
- plural ofvó
vós
- obsolete spelling ofvos
