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user

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:US'eranduseR

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishusere, equivalent touse +‎-er. Cognate withScotsusar,uiser(“user”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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user (pluralusers)

  1. One whouses or makes use ofsomething, aconsumer orclient or anexpress orimpliedlicensee (free user) or atrespasser.
    • 2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8845:
      [Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavyusers of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.
    • 2019,The Highway Code (United Kingdom) RoadUsers Requiring Extra Care
      The most vulnerable roadusers are pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and horse riders. It is particularly important to be aware of children, older and disabled people, and learner and inexperienced drivers and riders.https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/road-users-requiring-extra-care-204-to-225
  2. A person who usesdrugs, especiallyillegaldrugs.
  4. (computing) A person who uses acomputer or a computingnetwork, especially a person who has received a useraccount.
  5. (Internet, informal)Clipping ofusername.
  6. (derogatory) Anexploiter, anabuser (a person who exploits others, that is treats and regards peopleunfairly,selfishly orunethically).
  7. (law, dated) In land law, meaning either 1. or 2. above oruse. Usually in singular form to mean usewherever there isassiduous re-use ofprecedents andaloof textbooksverbatim.
    • 2012,R. (Stephen Malpass) v Durham County Council, [2012] EWHC 1934 (Admin)http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2012/1934.html
      As to evidence ofuser...
      As to quality ofuser (i.e. was use by the public "as of right"), the inspector found that the grass over the whole of the application land has been regularly cut...
      ...which the inspector did not find sufficient of itself to renderuser permissive. Moreover, the defendant could not, the inspector advised, rely on communication tousers that access to the land was regulated. Deferment tousers of the organised pitches...

Usage notes

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  • In modern law, the legal sense is widely disfavored in order to guard against ambiguity.

Synonyms

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  • (one that unfairly takes advantage of or exploits):parasite

Antonyms

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Hypernyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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one who uses something, a consumer
one who uses drugs
person who uses a computer
exploiter
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Anagrams

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Blagar

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Adjective

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user

  1. fast

References

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Czech

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Verb

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user

  1. (vulgar)second-personsingularimperative ofusrat

French

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Frenchuser, fromEarly Medieval Latinūsāre, frequentative fromLatinūtī. Cognate withItalianusare,Spanishusar.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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user

  1. towear,wear down,wear off,wear out,grind down,run in
    Trois kilomètres à pied, çause les souliers.
    Three kilometers on footwears out the shoes.
  2. touse (used withde)
    Ne m’obligez pas àuser de la force.
    Don't make meuse force.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofuser(see alsoAppendix:French verbs)
infinitivesimpleuser
compoundavoir + past participle
present participle orgerund1simpleusant
/y.zɑ̃/
compoundayant + past participle
past participleusé
/y.ze/
singularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativeje (j’)tuil, elle, onnousvousils, elles
(simple
tenses)		presentuse
/yz/		uses
/yz/		use
/yz/		usons
/y.zɔ̃/		usez
/y.ze/		usent
/yz/
imperfectusais
/y.zɛ/		usais
/y.zɛ/		usait
/y.zɛ/		usions
/y.zjɔ̃/		usiez
/y.zje/		usaient
/y.zɛ/
past historic2usai
/y.ze/		usas
/y.za/		usa
/y.za/		usâmes
/y.zam/		usâtes
/y.zat/		usèrent
/y.zɛʁ/
futureuserai
/yz.ʁe/		useras
/yz.ʁa/		usera
/yz.ʁa/		userons
/yz.ʁɔ̃/		userez
/yz.ʁe/		useront
/yz.ʁɔ̃/
conditionaluserais
/yz.ʁɛ/		userais
/yz.ʁɛ/		userait
/yz.ʁɛ/		userions
/y.zə.ʁjɔ̃/		useriez
/y.zə.ʁje/		useraient
/yz.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		present perfectpresent indicative ofavoir + past participle
pluperfectimperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle
past anterior2past historic ofavoir + past participle
future perfectfuture ofavoir + past participle
conditional perfectconditional ofavoir + past participle
subjunctiveque je (j’)que tuqu’il, qu’elleque nousque vousqu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		presentuse
/yz/		uses
/yz/		use
/yz/		usions
/y.zjɔ̃/		usiez
/y.zje/		usent
/yz/
imperfect2usasse
/y.zas/		usasses
/y.zas/		usât
/y.za/		usassions
/y.za.sjɔ̃/		usassiez
/y.za.sje/		usassent
/y.zas/
(compound
tenses)		pastpresent subjunctive ofavoir + past participle
pluperfect2imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle
imperative–tu–nousvous–
simple—use
/yz/		—usons
/y.zɔ̃/		usez
/y.ze/		—
compound—simple imperative ofavoir + past participle—simple imperative ofavoir + past participlesimple imperative ofavoir + past participle—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
past historic → present perfect
past anterior → pluperfect
imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81).

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Romanian:uza

References

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Anagrams

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Gallo

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Etymology

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FromOld Frenchuser, fromEarly Medieval Latinūsāre, frequentative fromLatinūtī.

Verb

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user

  1. (transitive, cooking) toboil down

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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user

  1. Alternative form ofusere

Etymology 2

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Noun

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user

  1. Alternative form ofusure

Old English

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Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*unseraz(“of us, our”), fromProto-Indo-European*n̥s-ero-(“our”). Cognate withOld Frisianūse(r)(“our”),Old Saxonūser(“our”),Old High Germanunsēr,unsār(“our”),Old Norseórr,várr(“our”),Gothic𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂(unsar,“our”). Related toOld Englishūs(“us”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈuː.ser/,[ˈuː.zer]

Pronoun

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ūser (possessive)

  1. (Northumbrian or poetic)Alternative form ofūre

Usage notes

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In poetry, only the nominative singular and accusative singular neuterūser, and the accusative singular masculineūserne are found. In other cases, forms ofūre orusser are used

Declension

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Declension ofūser — Strong only
SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativeūserūseru,ūsru,ūsero,ūsroūser
Accusativeūserneūsere,ūsreūser
Genitiveūseres,ūsresūserreūseres,ūsres
Dativeūserum,ūsrumūserreūserum,ūsrum
Instrumentalūsere,ūsreūserreūsere,ūsre
PluralMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativeūsere,ūsreūsera,ūsra,ūsere,ūsreūseru,ūsru,ūsero,ūsro
Accusativeūsere,ūsreūsera,ūsra,ūsere,ūsreūseru,ūsru,ūsero,ūsro
Genitiveūserraūserraūserra
Dativeūserum,ūsrumūserum,ūsrumūserum,ūsrum
Instrumentalūserum,ūsrumūserum,ūsrumūserum,ūsrum

Old French

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Etymology

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FromEarly Medieval Latinūsāre, frequentative fromLatinūtī.

Verb

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user

  1. touse; toemploy; tomake use of

Conjugation

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This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in-er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-st are modified tos,st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation ofuser (see alsoAppendix:Old French verbs)
simplecompound
infinitiveuseravoirusé
gerundenusantgerund ofavoir + past participle
present participleusant
past participleusé
personsingularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativejotuilnosvosil
simple
tenses		presentususesuseusonsusezusent
imperfectusoie,useie,usoe,useveusoies,useies,usoes,usevesusoit,useit,usot,useveusiiens,usiensusiiez,usiezusoient,useient,usoent,usevent
preteriteusaiusasusausamesusastesuserent
futureuseraiuserasuserauseronsuseroiz,usereiz,userezuseront
conditionaluseroie,usereieuseroies,usereiesuseroit,usereituseriiens,useriensuseriiez,useriezuseroient,usereient
compound
tenses		present perfectpresent tense ofavoir + past participle
pluperfectimperfect tense ofavoir + past participle
past anteriorpreterite tense ofavoir + past participle
future perfectfuture tense ofavoir + past participle
conditional perfectconditional tense ofavoir + past participle
subjunctiveque joque tuqu’ilque nosque vosqu’il
simple
tenses		presentususustusonsusezusent
imperfectusasseusassesusastusissons,usissiensusissoiz,usissez,usissiezusassent
compound
tenses		pastpresent subjunctive ofavoir + past participle
pluperfectimperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle
imperative–tu–nosvos–
—use—usonsusez—

Descendants

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Old Frisian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*unsar, fromProto-Germanic*unseraz. For development compareOld Norseórr.

Determiner

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ūser

  1. our

Declension

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Declension ofūser — Strong only
SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativeūserūser,ūsere,ūsreūser
Accusativeūserene,ūsrene,ūserneūsere,ūsreūser
Genitiveūseres,ūsresūserere,ūsrere,ūserreūseres,ūsres
Dativeūsere,ūsreūserere,ūsrere,ūserreūsere,ūsre
Plural
Nominativeūsere,ūsre
Accusativeūsere,ūsre
Genitiveūserera,ūsrera,ūserra
Dativeūsere,ūsre

Descendants

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  • West Frisian:ús

Pronoun

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ūser

  1. genitive ofwī:ours, ofus

Declension

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Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
nominativeaccusativedativegenitive
singular1st personikmīmīmīn
2nd personthūthīthīthīn
3rd
person		mhīhinehimsīn
fhiū,hiōhiāhire,hiārehire,hiāre
nhithithimsīn
plural1st personwīūsūsūser
2nd personjījū,jōjū,jōjūwer
3rd personhiāhiāhim,hirem,hiāremhira,hiāra
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