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understand

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishunderstanden, fromOld Englishunderstandan(“to understand”), fromProto-West Germanic*understandan(“to stand between, understand”), fromProto-Germanic*understandaną(“to stand between, understand”), equivalent toOld Englishunder-(“between, inter-”) +standan(“to stand”) (Modern Englishunder- +‎stand). Cognate withOld Frisianunderstonda(“to understand, experience, learn”),Old High Germanunderstantan(“to understand”), MiddleDanishunderstande(“to understand”). Compare alsoSaterland Frisianunderstunda,unnerstounde(“to dare, survey, measure”),Dutchonderstaan(“to undertake, presume”),Germanunterstehen(“to be subordinate”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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understand (third-person singular simple presentunderstands,present participleunderstanding,simple past and past participleunderstood)

  1. (transitive, intransitive)(ofcommunication or means of communication: words, statements, signs, etc.) Toknow themeaning of; toparse or have parsed correctly; tocomprehend.
    Can you repeat what you just said? I didn'tunderstand.
    1. (transitive)(generally) To know the meaning of.
      • 1991 September,Stephen Fry, chapter 1, inThe Liar, London:Heinemann,→ISBN, section I,page14:
        ‘[…] I came back here, had awank and finished that book.’
        ‘The Naked Lunch?’
        ‘Yeah.’
        ‘What did you reckon?’
        ‘Crap.’
        ‘You’re just saying that because you didn’tunderstand it,’ said Adrian.
        ‘I’m just saying that because I didunderstand it,’ said Tom. ‘Any road up, we’d better start making some toast. […]’
  2. (transitive)(of a skill, task, profession, etc.) To be thoroughly familiar with; to be able toundertakeproperly.
    The studentsunderstood the assignment.
  3. (transitive, usually with clause as object) Tocomprehend afact orprinciple; to regard or come to regard abelief as such.
    Iunderstand that company policy says I can't get a refund, but can you make an exception?
    There's been no formal declaration, but it'sunderstood that a state of war exists between the two countries
  4. (transitive)(of people) Toknow theintent,motives orcharacter of;(of events) to know the causes of or reasons for.
    One day you say you love me, the next you ignore me—I don'tunderstand you!
  5. (transitive) Tobelieve orinfer, tothink one graspssufficiently despite potentially incompleteknowledge.
    Iunderstand that you have a package for me?
  6. (transitive, grammar) Toregard as present when not.
    In the imperative mood, the word “you” is usuallyunderstood.
  7. (humorous, rare, obsolete outside circus, acrobatics) Tostandunderneath, tosupport.

Usage notes

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  • In its sense of "imputing meaning", use is usually limited to the past participleunderstood.
  • The obsolete perfect formunderstanded is occasionally found, e.g. in theBook of Common Prayer and the39 Articles of the Anglican Church.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofunderstand
infinitive(to)understand
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularunderstandunderstood
2nd-personsingularunderstand,understandest†understood,understoodest†
3rd-personsingularunderstands,understandeth†understood
pluralunderstand
subjunctiveunderstandunderstood
imperativeunderstand—
participlesunderstandingunderstood,understanded†

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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to grasp the meaning of
to believe one grasps the meaning of
to believe
to regard as present when not
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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