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uncia

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FromLatinuncia(“various Romanunits”).Doublet ofounce,inch,onça,onza,oka,ouguiya, andawqiyyah.

• (General American, Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key): /ˈʌnʃi.ə/

• Audio(US):

  (file)

uncia (pluralunciasorunciae)

1. (historical) TheRomanounce, 1/12 of aRomanpound.[1685]
2. (historical) TheRomaninch, 1/12 of aRomanfoot.
3. (historical) Abronzecoinminted by theRoman Republic, 1/12 of anas.
4. (historical) ARomanunit oflandarea, 1/12 of ajugerum.
5. (pharmacy)Synonym ofounce, theEnglish andAmericanavoirdupoisunit ofmass.
6. Synonym oftwelfth.
7. (algebra, obsolete) Anumericalcoefficient in abinomial.

Building uponVarro, most modern Latinists derive this word fromūnicus(“unique”) +‎-ia, itself fromūnus(“one”) (fromProto-Indo-European*óynos) in the sense of twelfths making up the base unit of various ancient systems of measurement.

FollowingHeron of Alexandria, Weiss instead postulates aborrowing fromAncient Greekὀγκία(onkía,“uncia”), fromὄγκος(ónkos,“weight”); he considers the loss of medial/i/ necessitated by the traditional etymology unproblematic but the derivation from "unique" semantically implausible.^[1]

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key): /ˈuːn.ki.a/,[ˈuːŋkiä] orIPA^(key): /ˈun.ki.a/,[ˈʊŋkiä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): /ˈun.t͡ʃi.a/,[ˈun̠ʲt͡ʃiä]

It is uncertain whether long or short U occurred inū̆ncia and in its compounds ending in-ū̆nx,-ū̆ncis. If a connection withūnus is accepted, that word has long ū and Bennett (1907) thus marks long ū inūncia, quīncūnx, quīncūnxis.^[2] However, originally long vowels could be shortened in Latin before consonant clusters starting inresonant consonants such as [ŋ] (this shortening can be referred to as "Osthoff's Law", which is the name of a similar sound change that occurred in Greek).^[3] If Weiss' alternate etymology is accepted, there is no reason to posit a long vowel in this word; in any case, a Latin formŭncia with a short vowel is represented by Frenchonce,^[4] Italianoncia, Spanishonza among others.

ū̆ncia f (genitiveū̆nciae);first declension

1. (historical)uncia,a coin of the Roman Republic equal to 1/12as
2. (historical)uncia,a unit of length equal to 1/12 of the Roman foot
3. inch,similar units in other measurement systems
4. (figurative)inch,an insignificantly small length
5. (historical)uncia,a unit of mass equal to 1/12 of the Roman pound
6. ounce,similar units in other measurement systems
7. (figurative)ounce,bit,trifle,an insignificantly small amount
8. (historical)uncia,a unit of area equal to 1/12 of the jugerum
9. twelfth,1/12 of any amount or unit

First-declension noun.

• terū̆ncius
• deū̆nx
• quincū̆nx
• septū̆nx

Borrowings:

FromMiddle Frenchonce(“lynx,wildcat”) under influence fromonce (Latinuncia, “ounce”), from false division ofOld Frenchlonce(“lynx”) mistaking its initiall for the articlel', fromVulgar Latin*luncea possibly viaItalianlonza, fromLatinlynx, fromAncient Greekλύγξ(lúnx,“lynx”). First used in reference to the snow leopard byJohann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1777 asFelisuncia.

uncia f (genitiveunciae);first declension

1. (New Latin)snow leopard

First-declension noun.

• Translingual:Uncia

• “uncia”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “uncia”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• uncia inGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “uncia”, inHarry Thurston Peck, editor (1898),Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “uncia”, inWilliam Smith et al., editor (1890),A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ունկի”, inHayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press,page603a

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