^Sevortjan, E. V. (1974),Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page597
Unlike English, Catalan uses the indefinite article with plural nouns as well as singular nouns.
Catalan cardinal numbers may be used as masculine or feminine adjectives, exceptun/una(“1”),dos/dues(“2”),cents/centes(“100s”) and its compounds. When used as nouns, Catalan cardinal numbers are treated as masculine singular nouns in most contexts, but in expressions involving time such asla una i trenta (1:30) orles dues (two o'clock), they are feminine because the feminine nounhora has been elided.
“un” inMartalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974),Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar,Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:
As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala éun tesoiru mais entre elas.
The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, our Fala isanother treasure among them.
When used as a noun, it is treated as aspirated (no liaison with that which precedes). Sometimes the same is true of the numeral (see below and compareonze). When used as an article or pronoun, liaison does apply normally.
The numeral is treated as aspirated in calculating and stating values:soustraire deux de un(“to subtract two from one”),une moyenne de un(“an average of one”). Also in dates, though this is considered nonstandard:le un mars forle premier mars(“March 1st”). Otherwise it is unaspirated.
Whereas in English thesingular is used only after the numberone, in French it is typically used after numberssmaller thantwo. This means that bothzéro andun are generally used with the singular, even when they are followed by adecimal part.
Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “ũu”, inCorpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verbfog, e.g.unni fog.
The archaic passive conjugation had the same-(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by-ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional-ik verbs).
un in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.
^Dov Cohen and Ora (Rodrigue) Schwarzwald (19 June 2019), “Coṃpendio delas šeḥiṭót (Constantinople ca. 1510): The First Judeo-Spanish Printed Publication”, inJournal of Jewish Languages, volume 7, number 1, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV,→DOI,→ISSN, pages46–7, 51
Borrowed fromMiddle Low Germanun(“and”). It replaced, in this sense, the particleir (compareLithuanianir, which still has the sense of “and”). Variants wereund,unde andind,in and may have been influenced byir, butind also existed in Middle Low German. From the 18th century onward, the formun gradually became dominant.[1]
Lupatu Zeta smējās tik sirsnīgi, ka asaras sakāpa acīsun pat Lupats pieliecās klausīties ―Lupatu Zeta laughed so heartily that tears filled her eyesand even Lupats leaned forward to listen
pie tēva vīri atnāk uz runāšanu... Annelei patīk skatīties, kādi tie vīriun kā viņi runā ―(some) men came to father to talk... Annele liked to look what those men looked likeand how they spoke
uzlec saule,un sākas jauna diena ―the sun rises,and a new day begins
Annele papurināja smiedamās galvu,un visi lakati bija atkal nost ―Annele shook her head, laughing,and all scarves were (= fell) off once more
Ansis bija noliesējis gluži dzeltenīgs, nomocījis,un tomēr viņa acīs bija arī līksmība ―Ansis had lost weight, grown rather yellow, (he looked) run down,and yet in his eyes there was also joy
pavasarī viņam palika pieci gadi,un tas jau bija diezgan cienījams vecums ―in spring he became five years (old),and that was already quite a respectable age
mātei varēja stāstīt visu... vai tiešām visu?un Ģirts atskārta, ka pēdējā laikā noticis daudz kas tāds, par ko viņš tomēr nestāstīs mātei... ―mother might tell everything... really everything?and Ģirts realized that recently many things had happened that he wouldn't tell mother...
atceries, cik Latvijā šis vārds skanēja noslēpumaini un vilinoši: Kalifornija!un tagad ļoti labvēlīgs liktenis tevi iespēlējis tieši teiksmainajā Kalifornijā ―remember how in Latvia this word sounds mysterious and tempting: California!and now a very favorable fate has brought you to legendary California
Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “un”, inLīvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary][6] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra
[…] pero la gente daq̃lla tierra o ella es mas fallada, llaman le la piedra dela liebre, por eſta razon. q̃ en aquel logar o entra el grand ryo del nilo en la mar medio terrana, cria ſe yun animal que ſemeia en ſus miembros ⁊ en todas ſus fayciones ala liebre de tierra. ⁊ por endel llaman liebre marina.
But the people of that land, where it is most found, call it the stone of the hare for this reason; that in that place, where the great river Nile enters the Mediterranean Sea, there breedsan animal that is similar in its limbs and all of its features to the land hare, and thus they call it a marine hare.
^Mello, Antônio Augusto Souza (2000), “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos [Lexical reconstructions and cognates]” (chapter III), inEstudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais [Historical study of the Tupi-Guarani language family: phonological and lexical aspects][2] (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC
马伟 (Ma Wei);朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016), “un”, in濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages - Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), page276
2000, Marron C. Fort, transl.,Dät Näie Tästamänt un do Psoolme in ju aasterlauwerfräiske Uurtoal fon dät Seelterlound, Fräislound, Butjoarlound, Aastfräislound un do Groninger Umelounde [The New Testament and the Psalms in the East Frisian language, native to Saterland, Friesland, Butjadingen, East Frisia and the Ommelanden of Groningen],→ISBN, Dät Evangelium ätter Matthäus 1:20:
Wilst hie noch deeruur ättertoachte, ferskeen him n Ängel fon dän Here in n Droomun kwaad: Josef, Súun fon David, freze die nit, Maria as dien Wieuw bie die aptouníemen;
While he was still thinking about it, came to him an angel from the Lord in a dreamand said: Joseph, son of David, don't be afraid to take Maria as your wife;
With a singular feminine noun, causes the limited soft mutation (i.e. the soft mutation but excludes mutation ofll- andrh-. Soun rhyfel 'one battle' not*un ryfel butun gath [<cath],un ferch [<merch], etc.). Does not mutate masculine or plural nouns.
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “un”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
1 Except foryín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.
