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“ul”, inThe Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[2], Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute,1956–2011

Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-Albanian*wala, from*wol-o-, o-grade ofProto-Indo-European*wel-(“press together”) (compareLithuanianvalýti(“to clean”),Ancient Greekεἰλέω(eiléō,“press together”)). Variantunj is from*ulnj, fromProto-Albanian*walnja, a causative of the previous.

Verb

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ul (aoristula,participleulur)

tosit down,put (someone/something) on aseat (or on theground)
Ulem.
I'msitting down (I'm taking a seat).
(mediopassive)
tolower,put down
Ilir,uli krahët.
Ilir,put your armsdown.
tobend,tilt down
toseat;land an airplane
todecrease,reduce,diminish
toclose
uli sytë
close your eyes
topull down(a skirt or shirt, clothes in general)
(figurative) todemote;degrade,debase

Conjugation

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Standard Albanian conjugation oful (active voice)

Show compound tenses:

singular			plural
		participle		ulur


		gerund		duke ulur
		infinitive		për të ulur
1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.	1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.
indicative	present	ul	ul	ul	ulim	ulni	ulin
	imperfect	ulja	ulje	ulte	ulnim	ulnit	ulnin
	aorist	ula	ule	uli	ulëm	ulët	ulën





perfect	kam ulur	ke ulur	ka ulur	kemi ulur	keni ulur	kanë ulur
past perfect	kisha ulur	kishe ulur	kishte ulur	kishim ulur	kishit ulur	kishin ulur
aorist II	pata ulur	pate ulur	pati ulur	patëm ulur	patët ulur	patën ulur
future¹	do tëul	do tëulësh	do tëulë	do tëulim	do tëulni	do tëulin
future perfect²	do të kem ulur	do të kesh ulur	do të ketë ulur	do të kemi ulur	do të keni ulur	do të kenë ulur
subjunctive	present	tëul	tëulësh	tëulë	tëulim	tëulni	tëulin




imperfect	tëulja	tëulje	tëulte	tëulnim	tëulnit	tëulnin
perfect	të kem ulur	të kesh ulur	të ketë ulur	të kemi ulur	të keni ulur	të kenë ulur
past perfect	të kisha ulur	të kishe ulur	të kishte ulur	të kishim ulur	të kishit ulur	të kishin ulur
conditional^{1, 2}	imperfect	do tëulja	do tëulje	do tëulte	do tëulnim	do tëulnit	do tëulnin
conditional^{1, 2}	past perfect	do të kisha ulur	do të kishe ulur	do të kishte ulur	do të kishim ulur	do të kishit ulur	do të kishin ulur
optative	present	ulsha	ulsh	ultë	ulshim	ulshi	ulshin
optative
perfect	paça ulur	paç ulur	pastë ulur	paçim ulur	paçit ulur	paçin ulur
admirative	present	ulkam	ulke	ulka	ulkemi	ulkeni	ulkan
	imperfect	ulkësha	ulkëshe	ulkësh	ulkëshim	ulkëshit	ulkëshin


perfect	paskam ulur	paske ulur	paska ulur	paskemi ulur	paskeni ulur	paskan ulur
past perfect	paskësha ulur	paskëshe ulur	paskësh ulur	paskëshim ulur	paskëshit ulur	paskëshin ulur
imperative	present	—	ul	—	—	ulni	—
¹) indicative future identical with conditional present²) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

Standard Albanian conjugation oful (mediopassive conjugation)

Show compound tenses:

singular			plural
		participle		ulur


		gerund		duke u ulur
		infinitive		për t'u ulur
1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.	1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.
indicative	present	ulem	ulesh	ulet	ulemi	uleni	ulen
	imperfect	ulesha	uleshe	ulesh (ulej)	uleshim	uleshit	uleshin
	aorist	u ula	u ule	u ul	u ulëm	u ulët	u ulën





perfect	jam ulur	je ulur	është ulur	jemi ulur	jeni ulur	janë ulur
past perfect	isha ulur	ishe ulur	ishte ulur	ishim ulur	ishit ulur	ishin ulur
aorist II	qeshë ulur	qe ulur	qe ulur	qemë ulur	qetë ulur	qenë ulur
future¹	do të ulem	do të ulesh	do të ulet	do të ulemi	do të uleni	do të ulen
future perfect²	do të jem ulur	do të jesh ulur	do të jetë ulur	do të jemi ulur	do të jeni ulur	do të jenë ulur
subjunctive	present	të ulem	të ulesh	të ulet	të ulemi	të uleni	të ulen




imperfect	të ulesha	të uleshe	të ulesh (ulej)	të uleshim	të uleshit	të uleshin
perfect	të jem ulur	të jesh ulur	të jetë ulur	të jemi ulur	të jeni ulur	të jenë ulur
past perfect	të isha ulur	të ishe ulur	të ishte ulur	të ishim ulur	të ishit ulur	të ishin ulur
conditional^{1, 2}	imperfect	do të ulesha	do të uleshe	do të ulesh (ulej)	do të uleshim	do të uleshit	do të uleshin
conditional^{1, 2}	past perfect	do të isha ulur	do të ishe ulur	do të ishte ulur	do të ishim ulur	do të ishit ulur	do të ishin ulur
optative	present	u ulsha	u ulsh	u ultë	u ulshim	u ulshi	u ulshin
optative
perfect	qofsha ulur	qofsh ulur	qoftë ulur	qofshim ulur	qofshit ulur	qofshin ulur
admirative	present	u ulkam	u ulke	u ulka	u ulkemi	u ulkeni	u ulkan
	imperfect	u ulkësha	u ulkëshe	u ulkësh (ulkej)	u ulkëshim	u ulkëshit	u ulkëshin


perfect	qenkam ulur	qenke ulur	qenka ulur	qenkemi ulur	qenkeni ulur	qenkan ulur
past perfect	qenkësha ulur	qenkëshe ulur	qenkësh ulur	qenkëshim ulur	qenkëshit ulur	qenkëshin ulur
imperative	present	—	ulu	—	—	uluni	—
¹) indicative future identical with conditional present²) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

ulët
ulur(participle)
ulem(mediopassive)
përul

Related terms

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Angguruk Yali

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Noun

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References

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Christiaan Fahner,The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 156

Breton

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Article

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a/an

Kabyle

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Map of the pronunciation of the wordul^[1]

Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Berber*ulβ, fromProto-Afroasiatic*lib-(“heart”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ul/
- (Greater Kabylia, Lesser Kabylia)IPA^(key): [ul],[ulʳ]
- (Greater Kabylia)IPA^(key): [uj],[ulʲ]
- (Lesser Kabylia)IPA^(key): [ud͡z]

Noun

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ul m (pluralulawen)

(anatomy)heart
emotional center(affection, love, desire, hope, etc.)

Inflection

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Inflection oful
	singular	plural
free state	ul	ulawen
annexed state	wul	wulawen

References

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Association Culturelle Numidya (2025), “Amawal, dictionnaire kabyle-français en ligne”, inAmawal‎^[4], retrieved 2025
Dallet, Jean-Marie (1982),Dictionnaire kabyle-français: parler des At Mangellat, Algérie (in French), Paris, France

^Saïd Guerrab (2014),Analyse dialectométrique des parlers berbères de Kabylie (in French) (PhD Thesis), Paris: Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, pages234-235

Livonian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*hullu. Cognates includeFinnishhullu.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈul/,[ˈulː]

Adjective

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ul (comparative(ve’l)joul,superlativeamāul)

Declension

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Declension oful (99)
	singular(ikšlu’g)	plural(pǟgiņlu’g)
nominative(nominatīv)	ul	ūlõd
genitive(genitīv)	ul	ūlõd
partitive(partitīv)	ullõ	ūlidi
dative(datīv)	ullõn	ūlõdõn
instrumental(instrumentāl)	ullõks	ūlõdõks
illative(illatīv)	ullõ	ūliž
inessive(inesīv)	ulsõ	ūlis
elative(elatīv)	ulstõ	ūlist

References

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Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “ul”, inLīvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[5] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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Probably related tohyl.

Noun

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ul m (definite singularulen,indefinite pluralular,definite pluralulane)

ahowl

Etymology 2

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Verb

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imperative ofula

Etymology 3

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Adjective

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ul (neuterult,definite singular and pluralule,comparativeulare,indefinite superlativeulast,definite superlativeulaste)

half-rotten

Related terms

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ulna

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:

Wikipedia^pl

Alternative forms

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uł(Middle Polish)

Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Polishul, fromProto-Slavic*ulьjь.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈul/

(Middle Polish)IPA^(key): /ˈul/

Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Rhymes:-ul
Syllabification:ul

Noun

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ul m inan (diminutiveulik,related adjectiveulowy)

hive,beehive
- 1992, Tadeusz Konwicki,Bohiń, Wrocław: Siedmioróg:
  W białej szacie, w kapeluszu z welonem okrywającym twarz, z dymnikiem w ręku, którym odstraszał pszczoły, chodził odula doula, podnosił daszki gontowe, zaglądał do środka i coś tam poprawiał w tym wnętrzu wypełnionym buczeniem rozdrażnionych pszczół.
  In a white robe, a hat with a veil covering his face, and with a bee smoker in his hand that he scared the bees off with, he went fromhive tohive, lifting the shingle roofs, looking inside and adjusting something in that interior filled with the humming of irritated bees.
- 1995, Jan Józef Szczepański,Polska jesień, Wrocław: Siedmioróg:
  Jednym skokiem znalazł się przy Kanterze i pociągnął go za sobą. Pobiegłem za nimi, zaciskając zęby. Maleńki ogródek, który jeszcze niedawno urągał grozie wojny jaskrawością georginii i astrów, był teraz smutnym, rozkopanym ugorem, śmietniskiem poprzewracanych i połamanychulów, nad którymi rój rozwścieczonych owadów wirował brzęczącą chmarą w skwarze i dławiącej woni prochu.
  In a single leap, he was at Kanter's side and dragged him along. I ran after them, gritting my teeth. The tiny garden, which not long ago had defied the horrors of war with its daffodils and asters, was now a sad, dug-up wasteland, a dumping ground of overturned and brokenbeehives, over which a swarm of angry insects swirled in a buzzing cloud amidst the scorching heat and the choking smell of gunpowder.
- 2007, Wiesław Myśliwski,Traktat o łuskaniu fasoli, Kraków: Społeczny Instytut Znak,→ISBN:
  Nie zaczynała jeszcze gryka kwitnąć, już wstawiał w niąule. Chodziłem patrzeć, jak wybiera z tychuli miód.
  The buckwheat hadn't even begun to bloom yet, and he was already puttingbeehives in it. I would go and watch him extract honey from thesehives.
(slang)prison

Declension

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Declension oful

	singular	plural
nominative	ul	ule
genitive	ula	uli/ulów
dative	ulowi	ulom
accusative	ul	ule
instrumental	ulem	ulami
locative	ulu	ulach
vocative	ulu	ule

Derived terms

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adjctives

ulowaty

nouns

References

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Fortescue, Michael;Vajda, Edward (2022),Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas;17)‎^[6], Leiden, Boston:Brill,→ISBN, page257: “ul”

Somali

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Etymology

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From earlier*ʔuló or ʔulé. Cognate withMaayul,Jiidduolé,Oromoulee,Afarilo.

Noun

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úl f (definiteusha)

stick

Inflection

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Declension of úl
	Singular	Plural
Absolutive	úl	uló

Tashelhit

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Etymology

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Inherited fromMedieval Tashelhitاُولْ(ul,“heart”)^[1], fromProto-Berber*ulβ(“heart”)^[2], metathesized from earlier*lŭb, ultimately fromProto-Afroasiatic*lib-(“heart”)^[3].

Cognate withZenagaūy(“heart”),Tamashequlh(“heart”),Egyptianjb(“heart”), andProto-Semitic*libb-(“heart”), whenceAkkadian𒊮(libbum), andArabicلُبّ(lubb).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ul/

Noun

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ul m (pluralulawn,Tifinagh spellingⵓⵍ,Arabic spellingاول)

heart
سبحانَهُ ،اولاون اغ يتّمناد ربّي.
Subḥanahu, ulawn a ġ ittmnad Ṛbbi.
Praise be to him, it is in thehearts that God looks.

Inflection

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Inflection oful
	singular	plural
free state	ul	ulawn
annexed state	wul	wulawn

Derived terms

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ulawn n tayni(“palm branches”)

References

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^Ibn Tunart (a.1172),Kitāb Al-Asmā’‎^[1], sourced from Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l'homme, Cité numérique de la Méditerranée (Cinumed), page 8
^Marijn van Putten (2019), “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor,Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica (in Spanish), Academia Canaria De La Lengua,→ISBN, pages273, 291, 296
^Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995),Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik;I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, page345

Stroomer, Harry (2025),Dictionnaire berbère tachelḥiyt-français — Tome 1a—e (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik;188/1) (in French), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill,→DOI,→ISBN, page2865b
Maarten Kossmann (1999),Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère (Grammatical analyses of african languages;12) (in French), Leiden, The Netherlands: ‎Rüdiger Köppe,→ISBN, page82