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turn

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishturnen, fromOld Englishturnian,tyrnan(“to turn, rotate, revolve”), from FromProto-West Germanic*turnēn(“to turn, lathe”) (also the source ofGermanturnen and its derivatives) andOld Frenchtorner(“to turn”), both fromLatintornāre(“to round off, turn in a lathe”), fromtornus(“lathe”), fromAncient Greekτόρνος(tórnos,“turning-lathe: a tool used for making circles”), fromProto-Indo-European*terh₁-(“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”). Cognate withOld Englishþrāwan(“to turn, twist, wind”), whenceEnglishthrow. Displaced nativeMiddle Englishwenden fromOld Englishwendan (seewend), andMiddle Englishtrenden fromOld Englishtrendan (seetrend), among several other terms.

Verb

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turn (third-person singular simple presentturns,present participleturning,simple past and past participleturnedor(obsolete)turnt)

  1. To make a non-linear physical movement.
    1. (intransitive, of a body, person, etc) Tomoveabout anaxisthroughitself.
      the Earthturns
      turn on the spot
      • 1910,Emerson Hough, chapter I, inThe Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
        "A fine man, that Dunwody, yonder," commented the young captain, as they parted, and as heturned to his prisoner. "We'll see him on in Washington some day. He is strengthening his forces now against Mr. Benton out there. […]."
      • 1989 September 18,Billy Joel, “We Didn't Start the Fire”, inStorm Front‎[1]:
        We didn't start the fire / It was always burning / Since the world's beenturning
    2. (transitive) Tochange thedirection ororientation of, especially byrotation.
      Turn the knob clockwise.
      • 1879,R[ichard] J[efferies], “The First Gun”, inThe Amateur Poacher, London:Smith, Elder, & Co., […],→OCLC,pages9–10:
        It was not far from the house; but the ground sank into a depression there, and the ridge of it behind shut out everything except just the roof of the tallest hayrick. As one sat on the sward behind the elm, with the backturned on the rick and nothing in front but the tall elms and the oaks in the other hedge, it was quite easy to fancy it the verge of the prairie with the backwoods close by.
      • 2013 July-August,Lee S. Langston, “The Adaptable Gas Turbine”, inAmerican Scientist:
        Turbines have been around for a long time—windmills and water wheels are early examples. The name comes from the Latinturbo, meaningvortex, and thus the defining property of a turbine is that a fluid or gasturns the blades of a rotor, which is attached to a shaft that can perform useful work.
    3. (intransitive) To change one's direction oftravel.
      Sheturned right at the corner.
      • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter II, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC,page12:
        I had occasion[…] to make a somewhat long business trip to Chicago, and on my return […] I found Farrar awaiting me in the railroad station. He smiled his wonted fraction by way of greeting, […], and finally leading me to his buggy,turned and drove out of town.
      • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, inMr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
        I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for. It twisted andturned, and, the first thing I knew, made a sudden bend around a bunch of bayberry scrub and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn.
    4. (transitive) To shape (something) symmetrically by rotating it against astationary cuttingtool, as on alathe.
      Sheturned the table legs with care and precision.
    5. (by extension) To give form to; to shape or mould; to adapt.
    6. (transitive) To direct or impel (something) into a place.
      Add sugar and butter, thenturn the mixture into a dish.
      The farmerturned the cows into a field.
    7. (transitive) To position (something) by folding it, or using its folds.
      turn the bed covers; turn the pages
    8. (transitive, figuratively) To navigate through a book or other printed material.
      turn to page twenty; turn through the book
    9. (transitive) Totwist orsprain.
      I fell off my bike andturned my ankle severely.
    10. (transitive, cricket) Of a bowler, to make (theball) movesideways off thepitch when itbounces.
    11. (intransitive, cricket) Of a ball, to move sideways off the pitch when it bounces.
  2. (intransitive or transitive)To change condition or attitude.
    2. (copulative) Tobecome(begin to be).
      Synonyms:grow,get,go,wax
      The leavesturn brown in autumn. When I asked him for the money, heturned nasty.
      • 1697,[William] Congreve,The Mourning Bride, a Tragedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […],→OCLC, Act III,page39:
        Heav'n has no Rage, like Love to Hatredturn'd, / Nor Hell a Fury, like a Woman ſcorn'd.
      • 2007, Junius P. Rodriguez,Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World:
        The former-slaves-turned-abolitionists Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano were the chief organizers of the Sons of Africa.
      • 2012 April 21, Jonathan Jurejko, “Newcastle 3-0 Stoke”, inBBC Sport:
        The midfielderturned provider moments later, his exquisite reverse pass perfectly weighted for Cisse to race on to and slide past Stoke keeper Asmir Begovic.
    3. (intransitive) To change thecolor of theleaves in theautumn.
      The hillside behind our house isn't generally much to look at, but once all the treesturn it's gorgeous.
    4. To change fundamentally; tometamorphose.
      Midas made everythingturn to gold.  Heturned into a monster every full moon.
      • 1907 August,Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Silverside”, inThe Younger Set, New York, N.Y.:D. Appleton & Company,→OCLC,page300:
        At her invitation he outlined for her the succeeding chapters with terse military accuracy; and what she liked best and best understood was avoidance of that false modesty which condescends,turning technicality into pabulum.
      • 2013 July-August,Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, inAmerican Scientist, volume101, number 4:
        Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills toturn grist into meal.
      1. (intransitive) To sour or spoil; to go bad.
        This milk hasturned; it smells awful.
      2. (transitive) To make acid or sour; to ferment; to curdle.
        toturn cider or wine
      3. (transitive, fantasy) To change (a person) into avampire,werewolf,zombie, etc.
        How long ago was heturned?
        • 2017, Michael J. Totten,Into the Wasteland: A Zombie Novel:
          His companions hadturned him on purpose. Annie, bless her heart, was immune.
      4. (intransitive, fantasy) To transform into avampire,werewolf,zombie, etc.
        Bruce Bannerturns when he is angry: he becomes the Hulk, an incredibly powerful green monster.
      5. (transitive, slang, sometimes offensive) To change the sexual orientation or gender of another person, or otherwise awaken a sexual preference.
        • 2009 September 10, W. C. Harris,Queer Externalities: Hazardous Encounters in American Culture, State University of New York Press,→ISBN, page154:
          We may not be made gay or lesbian in the sense of being “turned” by some error in parenting or child rearing, but we are certainly biologically made and raised (most of us) by straights.
        • 2023 May 15, Eliot Borenstein,Marvel Comics in the 1970s: The World Inside Your Head, Cornell University Press,→ISBN, page244:
          An old homophobic fantasy has it that a gay man or lesbian can be “turned” by a fulfilling sexual encounter with someone of the opposite sex
    5. To reach a certain age.
      Charlieturns six on September 29.
    6. To hinge; to depend.
      The decisionturns on a single fact.
    7. To rebel; to go against something formerly tolerated.
      The prisonersturned on the warden.
      • 1855 December –1857 June, Charles Dickens,Little Dorrit, London:Bradbury and Evans, […], published1857,→OCLC:
        ‘You little Fool!’ returned her sister, shaking her with the sharp pull she gave her arm. ‘Have you no spirit at all? But that’s just the way! You have no self-respect, you have no becoming pride, just as you allow yourself to be followed about by a contemptible little Chivery of a thing,’ with the scornfullest emphasis, ‘you would let your family be trodden on, and neverturn.’
    8. To change personal condition.
      1. (professional wrestling) To change personalities, such as from being aface (good guy) toheel (bad guy) orvice versa.
      2. (ambitransitive) To make or become giddy; said of the head or brain.
      3. To sicken; to nauseate.
        The sightturned my stomach.
      4. To be nauseated; said of the stomach.
  3. (reflexive) To change one's course of action; to take a new approach.
  4. (transitive, usually withover) To complete.
    They say they canturn the parts in two days.
  5. (transitive) To make (money);turn a profit.
    Weturned a pretty penny with that little scheme.
  6. (transitive, soccer) Of a player, to go past an opposition player with the ball in one'scontrol.
    • 2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, inBBC Sport:
      Liverpool introduced Carroll for Spearing and were rewarded after 64 minutes when he put them back in contention. Stewart Downing blocked Jose Bosingwa's attempted clearance, which fell into the path of Carroll. Heturned John Terry superbly before firing high past Cech.
  7. To undergo the process of turning on alathe.
    Ivoryturns well.
  8. (obstetrics) To bring down the feet of a child in the womb, in order to facilitate delivery.
  9. (printing, dated) To invert a type of the same thickness, as a temporary substitute for any sort which is exhausted.
  10. (archaic) Totranslate.
    toturn the Iliad
    • 1735,Alexander Pope,The Prologue to the Satires:
      whoturns a Persian tale for half a crown
  11. (transitive, roleplaying games) To magically or divinelyrepelundead.
Conjugation
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Conjugation ofturn
infinitive(to)turn
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularturnturned
2nd-personsingularturn,turnest†turned,turnedst†
3rd-personsingularturns,turneth†turned
pluralturn
subjunctiveturnturned
imperativeturn—
participlesturningturned,turnt†
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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move around an axis through itself
change the direction or orientation of, especially by rotation
change one's direction of travel
shape on a lathe or similar tool
give form to; shape or mould
position something by folding it back on itself, or using its folds
navigate through a book or other printed material
in cricket, make the ball move sideways when it bounces
of a cricket ball, move sideways when it bounces
become
of leaves, change color in autumn
transitive: change fundamentally
go bad
make acid or sour; ferment; curdle—see alsoferment,‎curdle
fantasy: change into a mythical being
reach a certain age
hinge; depend
rebel
wrestling: change personalities
become giddy
sicken; nauseate
be nauseated (said of the stomach)
change one's course of action; take a new approach
complete—see alsocomplete
make money; turn a profit
soccer: go past an opposition player with the ball in one's control
undergo the process of turning on a lathe
obstetrics: bring down the feet of a child in the womb, in order to facilitate delivery
printing: invert a type of the same thickness
translate—seetranslate
role-playing game: magically or divinely attack undead
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

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Partly fromAnglo-Norman*torn, fromLatintornus, fromAncient Greekτόρνος(tórnos), and partly anaction noun from the verbturn.

Noun

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turn (pluralturns)

A: Turn (16)
B:Round turn
C: Tworound turns
  1. A change of direction or orientation.
    Give the handle aturn, then pull it.
    • 1910,Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, inThe Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      With just theturn of a shoulder she indicated the water front, where[…]lay the good ship,Mount Vernon, river packet, the black smoke already pouring from her stacks. In turn he smiled and also shrugged a shoulder.
  2. A movement of an object about its own axis in one direction that continues until the object returns to its initial orientation.
    2. (geometry) A unit ofplane anglemeasurement based on this movement.
  3. Awalkto and fro.
    Synonym:promenade
    Let's take aturn in the garden.
  4. A chance to use (something) shared in sequence with others.
    They tookturns playing with the new toy.
    • 1910,Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, inThe Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      With just the turn of a shoulder she indicated the water front, where[…]lay the good ship,Mount Vernon, river packet, the black smoke already pouring from her stacks. Inturn he smiled and also shrugged a shoulder.
  5. A spell of work, especially the time allotted to a person in arota orschedule.
    I cooked tonight, so it's yourturn to do the dishes.
  6. One's chance to make amove in a game having two or more players.
  7. Afigure in music, often denoted ~, consisting of the note above the one indicated, the note itself, the note below the one indicated, and the note itself again.
  8. The time required tocomplete a project.
    Synonym:turnaround
    They quote a three-dayturn on parts like those.
  9. A fit or a period of giddiness.
    I've had a funnyturn.
    • 1865 September 23, “Mrs. Brown and the Emperor of the French”, inFun‎[2], London: Published (for the proprietors) by Thomas Baker,→OCLC, page17:
      I'm sure I never shall forget theturn youngSimmons gave me when he came in with that paper as he'd been and copied out of a winder thro' being in a west-end house,[…]
    • 1886 January 5,Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Last Night”, inStrange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, London:Longmans, Green, and Co.,→OCLC,pages78–79:
      'Then you must know as well as the rest of us that there was something queer about that gentleman—something that gave a man aturn—I don't know rightly how to say it, sir, beyond this: that you felt it in your marrow kind of cold and thin.'
  10. A change in temperament or circumstance.
    She took aturn for the worse.
  11. (cricket) A sideways movement of the ball when it bounces (caused by rotation in flight).
  12. (poker) The fourthcommunal card inTexas hold 'em.
  13. (poker, obsolete) Theflop (the first three community cards) inTexas hold 'em.
  14. A deed done to another; an act ofkindness ormalice.
    One goodturn deserves another.
    I felt that the man was of a vindictive nature, and would do me an evilturn if he found the opportunity […].
  15. A single loop of a coil.
  16. (rope) A pass behind or through an object.
  17. Character;personality;nature.
    • 1875,Marcus Clarke, “Typhus Fever”, inHis Natural Life [For the Term of His Natural Life], volume I, London:Richard Bentley and Son,→OCLC,page100:
      It was fortunate for his comfort, perhaps, that the man who had been chosen to accompany him was of a talkativeturn, for the prisoners insisted upon hearing the story of the explosion a dozen times over, and Rufus Dawes himself had been roused to give the name of the vessel with his own lips.
  18. (soccer) An instance of going past an opposition player with the ball in one's control.
  19. (circus, theater, especially physical comedy) A short skit, act, or routine.
    • 1960,Theatre Notebook, volumes14-16, page122:
      Between the pieces were individualturns, comic songs and dances.
  20. (printing, dated) A type turned upside down to serve for another character that is not available.
  21. (UK, finance, historical) Theprofit made by astockjobber, being the difference between the buying and selling prices.
    • 1977, Michael Arthur Firth,Valuation of Shares and the Efficient-markets Theory, page11:
      There are usually at least two jobbers who specialise in the leading stocks, and this acts to keep the jobber'sturn to a reasonable amount[…]
Synonyms
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  • (change of direction or orientation):
  • (movement about an axis returning to the original orientation): 360° turn,completerotation, complete turn, full rotation,full turn
  • (single loop of a coil):loop
  • (chance to use (something) shared in sequence with others):go
  • (one's chance to make a move in a game):go,move
  • (figure in music):
  • (time required to complete a project):
  • (fit or period of giddiness):dizziness,dizzyspell,giddiness
  • (change in temperament or circumstance):change,swing
  • (sideways movement of a cricket ball):
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Descendants
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Translations
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change of direction or orientation
movement about an axis ending up with the same orientation
geometry: unit of plane angle measurement based on this movement
walk to and fro
chance to use (something) shared in sequence with others
spell of work
one's chance to make a move in a game
figure in music
time required to complete a project
fit or period of giddiness
change in temperament or circumstance
cricket: sideways movement of a ball
poker: fourth communal card in Texas hold 'em
poker, obsolete: flop—seeflop
deed done to another
single loop of a coil
rope: pass behind or through an object
character; personality; nature
soccer: instance of going past an opposition player with the ball in one's control
circus, theatre: short skit, act, or routine
printing: type turned upside down to serve for another character that is not available
finance: profit made by a stockjobber, difference between the buying and selling prices
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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Anagrams

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Finnish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishturn.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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turn

  1. (poker)turn(fourth communal card in Texas hold'em)

Declension

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Inflection ofturn (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominativeturnturnit
genitiveturninturnien
partitiveturniaturneja
illativeturniinturneihin
singularplural
nominativeturnturnit
accusativenom.turnturnit
gen.turnin
genitiveturninturnien
partitiveturniaturneja
inessiveturnissaturneissa
elativeturnistaturneista
illativeturniinturneihin
adessiveturnillaturneilla
ablativeturniltaturneilta
allativeturnilleturneille
essiveturninaturneina
translativeturniksiturneiksi
abessiveturnittaturneitta
instructive—turnein
comitativeSee the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms ofturn(Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singularplural
nominativeturniniturnini
accusativenom.turniniturnini
gen.turnini
genitiveturniniturnieni
partitiveturnianiturnejani
inessiveturnissaniturneissani
elativeturnistaniturneistani
illativeturniiniturneihini
adessiveturnillaniturneillani
ablativeturniltaniturneiltani
allativeturnilleniturneilleni
essiveturninaniturneinani
translativeturnikseniturneikseni
abessiveturnittaniturneittani
instructive——
comitative—turneineni
second-person singular possessor
singularplural
nominativeturnisiturnisi
accusativenom.turnisiturnisi
gen.turnisi
genitiveturnisiturniesi
partitiveturniasiturnejasi
inessiveturnissasiturneissasi
elativeturnistasiturneistasi
illativeturniisiturneihisi
adessiveturnillasiturneillasi
ablativeturniltasiturneiltasi
allativeturnillesiturneillesi
essiveturninasiturneinasi
translativeturniksesiturneiksesi
abessiveturnittasiturneittasi
instructive——
comitative—turneinesi

Synonyms

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Icelandic

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Etymology

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FromLatinturris(“tower”). Cognate withDanishtårn andGermanTurm. First appears in the12th or13th century.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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turn m (genitive singularturns,nominative pluralturnar)

  1. tower

Declension

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Declension ofturn (masculine)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeturnturninnturnarturnarnir
accusativeturnturninnturnaturnana
dativeturniturninumturnumturnunum
genitiveturnsturnsinsturnaturnanna

Middle High German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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  • Inherited fromOld High Germanturn, borrowed fromOld Frenchtor, fromLatinturris, borrowed fromAncient Greekτύρσις(túrsis).

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (before 13th CE)/ˈturn/

    Noun

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    turn m

    1. tower

    Declension

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    Declension ofturn (strong masculine without umlaut)
    singularplural
    indef.def.noundef.noun
    nominativeeindërturndieturne
    genitiveeinesdësturnesdërturne
    dativeeimedëmturnedënturnen
    accusativeeinendënturndieturne

    Descendants

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    • Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “turn”, inMittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
    • "turn" in Köbler, Gerhard,Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014)

    Norwegian Bokmål

    [edit]
    NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediano

    Etymology

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    From the verbturne; compare withGermanTurnen.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    turn m (indeclinable)(uncountable)

    1. gymnastics(an athletic discipline)

    Related terms

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    References

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    Norwegian Nynorsk

    [edit]
    Norwegian NynorskWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediann

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From the verbturne.

    Noun

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    turn m(uncountable)

    1. gymnastics(an athletic discipline)

    Related terms

    [edit]

    References

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    Old High German

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

  • Borrowed fromOld Frenchtor, fromLatinturris, borrowed fromAncient Greekτύρσις(túrsis).

    Noun

    [edit]

    turn m

    1. tower

    Declension

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    Declension ofturn (masculine a-stem)
    casesingularplural
    nominativeturnturnā,turna
    accusativeturnturnā,turna
    genitiveturnesturno
    dativeturneturnum
    instrumentalturnu—
    Declension ofturn (masculine i-stem)
    casesingularplural
    nominativeturnturni
    accusativeturnturni
    genitiveturnesturno
    dativeturneturnim,turnen
    instrumentalturnu—

    Descendants

    [edit]

    References

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    Romanian

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromGermanTurm, fromLatinturrem, accusative form ofturris.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

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    turn n (pluralturnuri)

    1. tower
    2. (chess)rook
      Synonym:tură

    Declension

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    Declension ofturn
    singularplural
    indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
    nominative-accusativeturnturnulturnuriturnurile
    genitive-dativeturnturnuluiturnuriturnurilor
    vocativeturnuleturnurilor

    See also

    [edit]
    Chess pieces in Romanian ·piese deșah(layout ·text)
    ♚♛♜♝♞♟
    regeregină,damătură,turnnebuncalpion
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