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tundra

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Tundra

English

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WOTD – 24 December 2006

Etymology

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Borrowed fromRussianту́ндра(túndra), fromKildin Samiтӯндрэ(tūndre), the accusative and genitive form ofтӯндар(tūndar).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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A tundra.

tundra (countable anduncountable,pluraltundras)

  1. Aflat andtreelessArcticbiome.
    • 1904,Jack London, chapter30, inThe Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.:Grosset & Dunlap,→OCLC:
      The hut's walls rose without difficulty, and everything went smoothly until the problem of the roof confronted me. Of what use the four walls without a roof? And of what could a roof be made? There were the spare oars, very true. They would serve as roof-beams; but with what was I to cover them? Moss would never do.Tundra grass was impracticable. We needed the sail for the boat, and the tarpaulin had begun to leak.
  2. A long stretch of something, such as time.
    • 1979 August 12, Ivan Gold, “One Man's Family”, inThe New York Times[1]:
      His wife and he were childhood sweethearts; he had known her for 25 years. (He will call her “my wife” throughout, just as he cannot bear to name his two sons, however carefully and lovingly he will eventually describe them. They remain “the older one” and “the younger one.”) There aretundras of time for him to cross and cross again as he recalls their life together and its sudden end: a quarter‐century of quotidian love and bruises and the ultimate estrangement of long familiarity.
    • 1991, Dar Williams, “Calamity John”, inAll My Heroes Are Dead:
      When you stood at the gulf of unknowing, / When you saw the greattundra of time, / And you cried for the winds to come blowing, / And you called a monsoon from the tides of the moon, / 'Cause the roads were all dusty and dry.
    • 2009 December 22, Louisa Kamps, “The Distraction Diet”, inElle[2]:
      Putting on paper exactly what steps I need to take for each project does promote peace of mind, I find. And in my eagerness to tick items off on my "next action" lists, my productivity ramps up. Still, there are days of backsliding. I go to research something online, but once out on the wild Web, lose my way—and vasttundras of time—wandering further away from whatever I was looking for with each click of the mouse.
    • 2018 January 2, Sara Pascoe, “We should all pick achievable resolutions – get through three days of dry January and you’re a hero to me”, inThe Guardian[3]:
      We parcel up time into years and months and days because without compartmentalisation thetundra of time is impossible to navigate.

Derived terms

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Translations

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flat treeless arctic region

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Czech

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈtundra]
  • Hyphenation:tun‧d‧ra

Noun

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tundra f

  1. tundra(flat and treeless arctic biome)

Declension

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Declension oftundra (hard feminine reducible)
singularplural
nominativetundratundry
genitivetundrytunder
dativetundřetundrám
accusativetundrutundry
vocativetundrotundry
locativetundřetundrách
instrumentaltundroutundrami

Further reading

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Faroese

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Etymology

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FromRussianту́ндра(túndra), fromKildin Samiтӯннтрэ(tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form ofтӯнтар(tūntar).

Noun

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tundra f (genitive singulartundru,uncountable)

  1. tundra(flat and treeless arctic biome)
    Synonym:frostmýri

Declension

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f1singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativetundratundrantundrurtundrurnar
accusativetundrutundrunatundrurtundrurnar
dativetundrutundrunitundrumtundrunum
genitivetundrutundrunnartundratundranna

Finnish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromRussianту́ндра(túndra), fromKildin Samiтӯннтрэ(tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form ofтӯнтар(tūntar).Doublet oftanner,tantere, andtunturi.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtundrɑ/,[ˈt̪un.drɑ̝]
  • Rhymes:-undrɑ
  • Syllabification(key):tund‧ra
  • Hyphenation(key):tund‧ra

Noun

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tundra

  1. tundra(flat and treeless arctic biome)

Declension

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Inflection oftundra (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominativetundratundrat
genitivetundrantundrien
partitivetundraatundria
illativetundraantundriin
singularplural
nominativetundratundrat
accusativenom.tundratundrat
gen.tundran
genitivetundrantundrien
tundrainrare
partitivetundraatundria
inessivetundrassatundrissa
elativetundrastatundrista
illativetundraantundriin
adessivetundrallatundrilla
ablativetundraltatundrilta
allativetundralletundrille
essivetundranatundrina
translativetundraksitundriksi
abessivetundrattatundritta
instructivetundrin
comitativeSee the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms oftundra(Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Galician

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Noun

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tundra f (pluraltundras)

  1. tundra

Indonesian

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IndonesianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaid

Etymology

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Borrowed fromDutchtoendra, fromRussianту́ндра(túndra), fromKildin Samiтӯндрэ(tūndre), the accusative and genitive form ofтӯндар(tūndar).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tundra (pluraltundra-tundra)

  1. (ecology, geography)tundra

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Ingrian

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Tundra.

Etymology

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Borrowed fromRussianтундра(tundra).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tundra

  1. (geography)tundra
    • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin,Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page28:
      Kuin sovetin valta uuvvistaatundran väen elon.
      How the Soviet rule is renewing the life of thetundra people.

Declension

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Declension oftundra (type 3/koira, no gradation)
singularplural
nominativetundratundrat
genitivetundrantundriin
partitivetundraatundria
illativetundraatundrii
inessivetundraastundriis
elativetundrasttundrist
allativetundralletundrille
adessivetundraaltundriil
ablativetundralttundrilt
translativetundrakstundriks
essivetundranna,tundraantundrinna,tundriin
exessive1)tundranttundrint
1) obsolete
*) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl)
**) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix
-ka? or-kä? to thegenitive.

Derived terms

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Irish

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Etymology

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FromRussian, fromKildin Sami.

Noun

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tundra m (genitive singulartundra,nominative pluraltundraí)

  1. tundra

Declension

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Declension oftundra (fourth declension)
forms with thedefinite article
singularplural
nominativeantundranatundraí
genitiveantundranadtundraí
dativeleis antundra
dontundra
leis natundraí

Mutation

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Mutated forms oftundra
radicallenitioneclipsis
tundrathundradtundra

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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Italian

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Etymology

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FromRussianту́ндра(túndra), fromKildin Samiтӯннтрэ(tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form ofтӯнтар(tūntar).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tundra f (pluraltundre)

  1. tundra

Latvian

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LatvianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedialv
tundra

Etymology

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Ultimately fromRussianту́ндра(túndra).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈtundɾa]
  • Hyphenation:tun‧dra

Noun

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tundra f (4th declension)

  1. tundra(a natural zone that has developed in the arctic and subarctic zones and is characterised by low average temperatures, high humidity and short growing seasons)
    • 2024 December 20, Claudi Casals,kas ir tundra[5]:
      Varbūt jūs kādreiz esat dzirdējuši par to, ko sauc par "tundru", gan filmā, gan seriālā, gan dokumentālajā filmā. Bet kas irtundra?
      You may have heard of what is called "thetundra" in a film, TV series or documentary. But what is thetundra?
  2. tundra(the geographical area in the arctic and subarctic zone between the arctic deserts and the forest tundra)

Declension

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Declension oftundra (4th)
singular
(vienskaitlis)
plural
(daudzskaitlis)
nominativetundratundras
genitivetundrastundru
dativetundraitundrām
accusativetundrutundras
instrumentaltundrutundrām
locativetundrātundrās
vocativetundratundras

Derived terms

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nouns

References

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  • tundra” inLatviešu literārās valodas vārdnīca
  • tundra” inMūsdienu latviešu valodas vārdnīca
  • tundra at tezaurs.lv

Norwegian Bokmål

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NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediano

Etymology

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FromRussianту́ндра(túndra), fromKildin Samiтӯннтрэ(tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form ofтӯнтар(tūntar).

Noun

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tundra m (definite singulartundraen,indefinite pluraltundraer,definite pluraltundraene)

  1. tundra

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian NynorskWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediann

Etymology

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FromRussianту́ндра(túndra), fromKildin Samiтӯннтрэ(tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form ofтӯнтар(tūntar).

Noun

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tundra m (definite singulartundraen,indefinite pluraltundraerortrundraar,definite pluraltundraeneortundraane)

  1. tundra

References

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Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl
tundra

Etymology

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Borrowed fromRussianту́ндра(túndra).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tundra f (related adjectivetundrowy)

  1. tundra(flat and treeless Arctic biome)

Declension

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Declension oftundra
singularplural
nominativetundratundry
genitivetundrytundr
dativetundrzetundrom
accusativetundrętundry
instrumentaltundrątundrami
locativetundrzetundrach
vocativetundrotundry

Further reading

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  • tundra inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • tundra in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchtoundra, fromRussianту́ндра(túndra).

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation:tun‧dra

Noun

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tundra f (pluraltundras)

  1. (geography)tundra(flat, treeless region around the Arctic)

Further reading

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Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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FromRussianту́ндра(túndra).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /tûːndra/
  • Hyphenation:tun‧dra

Noun

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tȗndra f (Cyrillic spellingту̑ндра)

  1. tundra

Declension

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Declension oftundra
singularplural
nominativetȗndratundre
genitivetundretȗndrā/tȗndrī
dativetundritundrama
accusativetundrutundre
vocativetundrotundre
locativetundritundrama
instrumentaltundromtundrama

References

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  • tundra”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2026

Spanish

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SpanishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaes

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtundɾa/[ˈt̪ũn̪.d̪ɾa]
  • Rhymes:-undɾa
  • Syllabification:tun‧dra

Noun

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tundra f (pluraltundras)

  1. tundra

Further reading

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Swedish

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SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv

Etymology

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Borrowed fromRussianту́ндра(túndra), fromKildin Samiтӯннтрэ(tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form ofтӯнтар(tūntar).

Noun

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tundra c

  1. tundra

Declension

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Declension oftundra
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitetundratundras
definitetundrantundrans
pluralindefinitetundrortundrors
definitetundrornatundrornas

References

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Anagrams

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Turkish

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Etymology

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FromOttoman Turkishتوندره, fromEnglishtundra.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tundra (definite accusativetundrayı,pluraltundralar)

  1. tundra
    Synonym:kutup bozkırı

Declension

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Declension oftundra
singularplural
nominativetundratundralar
definite accusativetundrayıtundraları
dativetundrayatundralara
locativetundradatundralarda
ablativetundradantundralardan
genitivetundranıntundraların
Possessive forms
nominative
singularplural
1st singulartundramtundralarım
2nd singulartundrantundraların
3rd singulartundrasıtundraları
1st pluraltundramıztundralarımız
2nd pluraltundranıztundralarınız
3rd pluraltundralarıtundraları
definite accusative
singularplural
1st singulartundramıtundralarımı
2nd singulartundranıtundralarını
3rd singulartundrasınıtundralarını
1st pluraltundramızıtundralarımızı
2nd pluraltundranızıtundralarınızı
3rd pluraltundralarınıtundralarını
dative
singularplural
1st singulartundramatundralarıma
2nd singulartundranatundralarına
3rd singulartundrasınatundralarına
1st pluraltundramızatundralarımıza
2nd pluraltundranızatundralarınıza
3rd pluraltundralarınatundralarına
locative
singularplural
1st singulartundramdatundralarımda
2nd singulartundrandatundralarında
3rd singulartundrasındatundralarında
1st pluraltundramızdatundralarımızda
2nd pluraltundranızdatundralarınızda
3rd pluraltundralarındatundralarında
ablative
singularplural
1st singulartundramdantundralarımdan
2nd singulartundrandantundralarından
3rd singulartundrasındantundralarından
1st pluraltundramızdantundralarımızdan
2nd pluraltundranızdantundralarınızdan
3rd pluraltundralarındantundralarından
genitive
singularplural
1st singulartundramıntundralarımın
2nd singulartundranıntundralarının
3rd singulartundrasınıntundralarının
1st pluraltundramızıntundralarımızın
2nd pluraltundranızıntundralarınızın
3rd pluraltundralarınıntundralarının
Predicative forms
singularplural
1st singulartundrayımtundralarım
2nd singulartundrasıntundralarsın
3rd singulartundra
tundradır
tundralar
tundralardır
1st pluraltundrayıztundralarız
2nd pluraltundrasınıztundralarsınız
3rd pluraltundralartundralardır

Further reading

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