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tu-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "tu"

Bende

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-(“Class 13 noun prefix”).

Prefix

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tu-

  1. Class 13 noun prefix.

References

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  • Yuko Abe (2006),A Bende Vocabulary‎[1], Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, page v

Kamba

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Alternative forms

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Prefix

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tu-

  1. we(used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

Lushootseed

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Alternative forms

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Prefix

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tu-

  1. inflectional prefix applied to any lexical category functioning as predicate or complement to indicate past tense

Matengo

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-(“Class 13 noun prefix”).

Prefix

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tu-

  1. Class 13 noun prefix.

References

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  • Nobuko Yoneda (2006),A Classified Vocabulary of the Matengo Language‎[2], Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, page xi

Mbukushu

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-(“Class 13 noun prefix”).

Prefix

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tu-

  1. Class 13 noun prefix.

References

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  • R.C.Wynne (1980),English-Mbukushu Dictionary‎[3], Avebury Publishing Company Limited, page xviii

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Prefix

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tu-

  1. alternative form ofto-(“towards”)

Etymology 2

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Prefix

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tu-

  1. alternative form ofto-(“apart”)

Shona

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-(“Class 13 noun prefix”).

Prefix

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tu-

  1. Class 13 noun prefix.

References

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  • M. Hannan, S.J. (1984),Standard Shona Dictionary: Revised Edition with Addendum‎[4], Harare College Press, page x

Swahili

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-.

Prefix

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tu-

  1. we,1st person plural subject concord
    Antonym:hatu-
See also
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Swahili personal pronouns (m-wa class(I/II))
personindependentsubject concordobject
concord		combined formspossessive
affirmativenegativenandi-si-
singularfirstmimini-si--ni-nami, namimindimi,ndiyesimi,siye-angu
secondweweu-hu--ku-nawe, nawewendiwe,ndiyesiwe,siye-ako
thirdyeyea-,yu-ha-,hayu--m-,-mw-,-mu-naye, nayeyendiyesiye-ake
pluralfirstsisitu-hatu--tu-nasi, nasisindisi,ndiosio-etu
secondninyim-,mw-,mu-ham-,hamw-,hamu--wa-nanyi, naninyindinyi,ndiosinyi,sio-enu
thirdwaowa-hawa--wa-naondiosio-ao
reflexive——-ji-——
For a full table including other classes, seeAppendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*tʊ́-.

Prefix

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tu-

  1. verb-initial form of-tu-(“us, 1st person plural object concord”)

Tooro

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Alternative forms

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  • (before vowels)tw-

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-.

Prefix

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tu-

  1. we;1st person plural subject concord
    ‎tu- + ‎-kora(“to do”) → ‎tukora(“we do”)
  2. positive imperative form of-tu-(“us; 1st person plural object concord”)
    ‎tu- + ‎-ha(“to give”) → ‎tuha(“give us”)

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*tʊ́-.

Prefix

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tu-

  1. class 13 pronominal concord
    ‎tu- + ‎-nu(“this, these”) → ‎tunu(“these (class 13)”)
  2. they;class 13 subject concord
    ‎tu- + ‎-kora(“to do”) → ‎tukora(“they (class 13) do”)
  3. positive imperative form of-tu-(“them;class 13 object concord”)
    ‎tu- + ‎-ha(“to give”) → ‎tuha(“give them (class 13)”)

See also

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Tooro personal pronouns
classpersonindependentpossessivesubject
concord		object
concord		combined forms
nani
class 1firstnyowe,nye-angen--n-nanyowe,nanyeninyowe,ninye
secondiwe-aweo--ku-naiweniiwe
thirduwe-ea--mu-nawenuwe
class 2firstitwe-aitutu--tu-naitweniitwe
secondinywe-anyumu--ba-nainyweniinywe
thirdbo-aboba--ba-nabonubo
class 3gwo-agwogu--gu-nagwonugwo
class 4yo-ayoe--gi-nayoniyo
class 5lyo-alyoli--li-nalyoniryo
class 6go-agoga--ga-nagonugo
class 7kyo-akyoki--ki-nakyonikyo
class 8byo-abyobi--bi-nabyonibyo
class 9yo-ayoe--gi-nayoniyo
class 10zo-azozi--zi-nazonizo
class 11rwo-arworu--ru-narwonurwo
class 12ko-akoka--ka-nakonuko
class 13two-atwotu--tu-natwonutwo
class 14bwo-abwobu--bu-nabwonubwo
class 15kwo-akwoku--ku-nakwonukwo
class 16ho-ahoha--ha-nahonuho
class 17(kwo)N/Aha-
(...-yo)		-ha-N/Anukwo
class 18(mwo)-amwoha-
(...-mu)		-ha-N/Anumwo
reflexive-enyini,-onyini—-e-—

References

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  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007),A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[5], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA),→ISBN, pages413-414

Tumbuka

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-

Prefix

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tu-

  1. Class 13 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*tʊ́-

Prefix

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tu-

  1. Class 13 subject concord.

References

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  • Chauncy Maples, M.A., F.R.G.S. (1888),Yao-English Vocabulary‎[6], Universities' Mission Press, page103

Uneapa

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Etymology

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From earlier*natu- via truncation, fromProto-Oceanic*natu, fromProto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian*natu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tu-

  1. child

Further reading

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  • Terry Crowley et al,The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

Yao

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-.

Prefix

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tu-

  1. 1st person plural subject concord.

Prefix

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tu-

  1. Class 13 noun prefix.

Ye'kwana

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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tu-

  1. Allomorph oft- used for stems that begin with a consonant other thanw and have a first vowelu.

Inflection

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Ye'kwana personal markers
pronounnoun possessor/
series II verb argument		postposition objectseries I verb argument
transitive patientintransitive patient-likeintransitive agent-liketransitive agent
first personewüy-,∅-,ü-,u-1w-,wi-
first person dual inclusiveküwük-,kü-,ku-,ki-k-,kii-,ki-1
second personamödöö-,öy-/ödh-,o-,oy-/odh-,a-,ay-/adh-m-,mi-
first person dual exclusivenñay-/dh-,ch-,∅-,i-1chö-∅-n-,ni-
third persontüwün-,ni-
distant past third person—kün-,kun-,kin-,ken-,küm-,kum-,kim-,kini-
coreferential/reflexive—t-,tü-,tu-,ti-,te-—
reciprocal——öö-
  1. With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second personmön-,man-,mon-,möm-,möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first personk-,kü-,ku-,ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third personsee person X in the chart above
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