Theadjective sense is derived fromtrans-(“extending across, through, or over”) +gender, modelled aftertranssexual(adjective)[1] and probably modified fromtransgenderism which wascoined by the American psychiatrist John F. Oliven (1915–1975) in 1965;[2][3][4] the termstransgender,transgenderal,transgendered,transgenderist, and similar terms arose in the decades after this.[4] By the 1990s, the wordtransgender had acquired its current senses, and had also largely displaced the earlier termtranssexual: see theusage notes.[5]
Thenoun andverb senses are derived from the adjective.[1] Regarding nounnoun sense 2 ("synonym oftransgenderism"), comparetranssex(noun).
1978 December –1979 January,J. J., “The Fellowship Family: News and Notes of MCC People and Events around the World”, in F. Jay Deacon, editor,The Gay Christian: A Journal of Theological Reflection from Metropolitan Community Church, Santa Monica, Calif.:Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches,→OCLC,page23, column 2:
We have taken to the local radio station, to talk about transgender problems. Carol Fremont is working in this area, and by General Conference we should have some interesting insights and understandings to share regardingtransgender persons.
One head of a small gay charity visibly flinched when I mentioned my boyfriend and has been cold towards me ever since. I've even caught someone staring down my top to see if I'mtransgender.
The film, "Ticked-Off Trannies With Knives," is described by its creator,Israel Luna, as an homage to 1970s exploitation films. But the inclusion of the word "trannie"—a pejorative, in some circles—in the title, and the film's parodic representation oftransgender women, has offended many people.
A Chinese court on Thursday found that atransgender man was unjustly fired from his job, a first-of-its-kind ruling that activists called a step forward in the fight for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights.[…] Mr. C, atransgender Chinese man who says he was fired for wearing men's clothes, stands outside a court in Guiyang, China, July 27, 2017, holding the court’s ruling that his dismissal violated his employment rights.
2023 February 6, Stefan Dege, Louisa Schaefer, “Kim Petras: How the trans artist made history”, inDeutsche Welle[9], archived fromthe original on30 March 2023:
WhenKim Petras teamed up with English singerSam Smith on "Unholy," a song about male infidelity and betrayal of the ideal of marriage, she may not have expected to make history. But now, the German pop singer Petras is the firsttransgender woman to win a coveted Grammy in the Best Pop Duo/Group Performance category. At the Grammy Awards on February 5, 2023, Petras thanked "transgender legends before me who kicked these doors open for me so that I could be here tonight."[…] Back in October 2022, the duo Petras and Smith had already become the first publiclytransgender and nonbinary solo artists, respectively, to have reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 charts with their single.
(strictly) Of a person: having a gender (identity) which isopposite from the sex one was assigned atbirth: being assignedmale but having afemale gender, orvice versa (that is, not including a non-binary identity).
1988,Merissa Sherrill Lynn, “Definitions of Terms Commonly Used in the Transvestite–Transsexual Community”, in Diane Dixon, Jan Dixon, Veronica Brown, editors,The TV–TS Tapestry: The Journal for Persons Interested in Crossdressing & Transsexualism, number51, Wayland, Mass.:International Foundation for Gender Education,→ISSN,→OCLC,page22:
Gender identity is whether or not a person perceives him/herself to be a man or woman (see ‘man’ and ‘woman’). The problem arises when a male perceives himself to be a woman, and vise versa.[sic – meaningvice versa] Notice I said man or woman, and not male or female. The difference is important. Male and female are biological terms, while man and woman as they are used here are modes of being, ways to be, which are based on psychology and sociology rather than biology. (see ‘gender dysphoria’) Sexual identity is a ‘transsexual’ issue and may involve sexual re-assignment surgery, but may not involve cross-dressing. Gender identity is a ‘transgender’ issue and does not involve surgery, but almost always involves cross-dressing.
What is happening in the world at the time, restrictions or freedom in sex-role choices, or in access to clothing fabrics and styles—none of these have much influence on thetransgender person’s desire to be the opposite sex.
She emphasises that beingtransgender really has nothing to do with your anatomy. There are terms for individuals who have undergone sex reassignment surgery – “transexed”, for example – whereas to betransgender is simply to have the conviction that you are the opposite gender to the body you have been assigned.
Biology has a strong effect on whether people identify as female, male, ortransgender. Atransgender person was born as one biological sex but feels that her true gender identity is that of the other sex. One theory of why gender and biological sex differ for those who aretransgender has to do with timing of hormonal events during pregnancy.
2018 June 19, “Transgenderism no longer a mental illness: WHO”, inFrance 24[11], archived fromthe original on19 June 2018:
Transgender people, who identify as the opposite gender to the one they were born with, should no longer be considered mentally ill, according to a new UN categorisation. The World Health Organization issued a new catalogue Monday covering 55,000 diseases, injuries and causes of death, in which it discreetly recategorised transgenderism.[…] Several countries have already taken steps to reclassify transgenderism and take it off the list of mental disorders, including France and Denmark. Say said she thought the text, which is the result of years of discussion among experts, would easily win approval, despite widespread lack of acceptance oftransgender people in many parts of the world.
2022 March, Florian Kurth, Christian Gaser, Francisco J. Sánchez, Eileen Luders, “Brain Sex in Transgender Women Is Shifted towards Gender Identity”, inJournal of Clinical Medicine, volume11, number 6, Basel, Basel-Stadt:MDPI,→DOI,→ISSN,→OCLC,→PMID, abstract:
Transgender people report discomfort with their birth sex and a strong identification with the opposite sex. The current study was designed to shed further light on the question of whether the brains oftransgender people resemble their birth sex or their gender identity. For this purpose, we analyzed a sample of 24 cisgender men, 24 cisgender women, and 24transgender women before gender-affirming hormone therapy. We employed a recently developed multivariate classifier that yields a continuous probabilistic (rather than a binary) estimate for brains to be male or female. The brains oftransgender women ranged between cisgender men and cisgender women (albeit still closer to cisgender men), and the differences to both cisgender men and to cisgender women were significant ( and, respectively). These findings add support to the notion that the underlying brain anatomy intransgender people is shifted away from their biological sex towards their gender identity.
1992 June, Howlin’ Mad Johann[pseudonym], “[Letter]”, inMaximum Rocknroll, number109, San Francisco, Calif.: Maximum Rock’n’Roll,→ISSN,→OCLC,page[10], column 2:
I think the new punk rockers are going to be more androgynous, more bisexual, moretransgender, more ethnically diverse and less willing to take shit than before, as well as less homophobic, racist, and sexist, not because it's politically correct, man, but because all of those things stink of a parent's world of authoritarian bullshit that want to deprive people of their individuality.
Less noticed, however, is that gender nonconformists have been working together, with some remarkable successes, to build a political movement. Their first step was to reclaim the power to name themselves:transgender is now the term most widely used, and it encompasses everyone from cross-dressers (those who dress in clothes of the opposite sex) to transsexuals (those who surgically "correct" their genitals to match their "real" gender).
1978 December –1979 January,J. J., “The Fellowship Family: News and Notes of MCC People and Events around the World”, in F. Jay Deacon, editor,The Gay Christian: A Journal of Theological Reflection from Metropolitan Community Church, Santa Monica, Calif.:Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches,→OCLC,page23, column 2:
We have taken to the local radio station, to talk abouttransgender problems.
1979, Nancy[pseudonym], “Feather Your Own Nest”, inVirginia Prince, editor,Transvestia[13], volume XVII, number98, Los Angeles, Calif.: Chevalier Publications,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on19 June 2023, pages36–37:
After having lived much of our lives according to a socially accepted prescription, many of us come to realize that we have not been true to ourselves. As full-time or part-time transgenderists, we feel the need to improve the quality of life for ourselves by creating an environment around us which is compatible with the kind of life style we wish to achieve.[…] While looking for a change of apartments, I walked into the rental office of a large complex, looked at the models and then proceeded to tell the manager about myself … my work, my hobbies, and, yes, even mytransgender lifestyle … but all in a very matter-of-fact and self-confident manner. The result was total acceptance. In fact, they invited me to return as Nancy to the Halloween party they were holding that same evening … and I did!
A Chinese court on Thursday found that a transgender man was unjustly fired from his job, a first-of-its-kind ruling that activists called a step forward in the fight for lesbian, gay, bisexual andtransgender rights.
The vision ofThe Matrix as an elaboratetransgender allegory is now the ruling framework when considering the film’s historical significance, leapfrogging the initial frenzy over its technical achievements.
2001, Walter O. Bockting, Sheila Kirk, “Transgender Health and Social Service Needs in the Context of HIV Risk”, inTransgender and HIV: Risks, Prevention, and Care, New York, N.Y.:The Haworth Press,→ISBN,page46:
Despite the significant HIV/AIDS risks faced by transgenders, we could locate targeted prevention programs in only a handful of locations throughout the country.[…] In Boston, no AIDS prevention messages are posted at the primary drag queen andtransgender bar.
The Las Vegas Lounge is the city's onlytransgender bar.
2011 June, Martin Zatko, “Listings[Drinking and Nightlife]”, in Róisin Cameron, editor,The Rough Guide to Seoul, London:Rough Guides,→ISBN,page130:
Trance[…] A thrivingtransgender bar on the main Itaewon drag,[…]
2022 August 30, William Yen, “Culture: Filipino Dancer Decodes Beauty Pageants and Their Colonial Roots”, inFocus Taiwan:CNA English News[15], archived fromthe original on3 September 2022:
Belgium-based Filipino dancer Joshua Serafin’s performance later this week at the Taipei Arts Festival explorestransgender beauty pageants from the Philippines and the politics, culture and hidden colonial past behind the industry, the artist said Tuesday.
2002 October 2, Benjamin Gedan, “Group wants transgender bathrooms for UMASS”, inThe Boston Globe, Boston, Mass.: The Globe Newspaper Co.,→ISSN,→OCLC:
Group wantstransgender bathrooms for UMASS [title]
2002 November 26, Olaf Aprans, “Transgenderism”, inThe Minuteman, Amherst, Mass.: The Minuteman, undergraduate students at theUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst,→OCLC; quoted in Olga Gershenson, “The Restroom Revolution: Unisex Toilets and Campus Politics”, inHarvey Molotch, Laura Norén, editors,Toilet: Public Restrooms and the Politics of Sharing (NYU Series in Social and Cultural Analysis), New York, N.Y.; London:New York University Press,2010,→ISBN, part III (Building in the Future),page199:
Why the sudden outcry fortransgender bathrooms? The answer is easy, the activists behind this movement are using a petty issue like bathrooms as a medium to throw their lifestyles in the face of every-day students.
2013, William Keith, Christian O. Lundberg,Public Speaking: Choice and Responsibility, Belmont, Calif.: Andover,→ISBN:
In contrast, in a democratic conversation or dialogue, the speaker would begin by identifying the larger public issues that connect to the availability oftransgender bathrooms: equality, civil rights,[…]
Of course some unhappiness is simply atransgender phenomenon. Realists learn to expect a day in which perhaps 40 to 80 per cent is made up of repetition of what was done the day before and the day before that. Any set of normal days with over 20 per cent of excitement in them would be extraordinary. Consequently, the mere fact of being human, whether male or female, requires endurance, tolerance, a sense of moderate wholesome expectations.
Those are the winning entries in the Chicago Association of Business Communicators' contest to find pronouns to replace she and he [ey], him and her [em], his and hers [eir].[…] [C]ontest winner Christine M. Elverson of Skokie says her words are "transgender pronouns." She formed them by dropping "the" from the familiar plural pronouns, they, them, and their. For example, a speaker might use these newtransgender pronouns when ey addresses an audience of both men and women.
Unless we have identified "male" and "female" aspects of thought, however, the claim of gender bias is an empty one. I do not doubt that disciplines are also shaped bytransgender interests, values, and concepts, which women, whether or not they engage in maternal practices, may fully share.
1984,Rosalind P. Petchesky, “Conclusion: The Feminist Movement and the Conditions of Reproductive Freedom”, inAbortion and Woman’s Choice: The State, Sexuality, and Reproductive Freedom (Longman Series in Feminist Theory), New York, N.Y.:Longman,→ISBN,page391:
Unlike capitalism, under socialist transformation there is a normative basis for maintaining the principle of collective (transgender) responsibility in the activity of reproduction and childrearing, as in everything else.
1988, Tara Jones, “Against Toxic Capital”, inCorporate Killing: Bhopals Will Happen, London:Free Association Books,→ISBN, part 2 (More Bhopals),page273:
Not only do men share in the responsibility for children—but also, toxic chemicals that affect women’s reproductive health do not bypass the male reproductive system. In Bhopal, for example, impotence and loss of libido were reported among a large proportion of exposed males. Reproductive effects are atransgender issue that men as well as women should address.
The wordtransgender became popular in the 1970s,[6][7] and by the 1990s it had largely displaced the older wordtranssexual.[5][8] (Transsexual is now often considered outdated,[7] although some people still prefer it; seeits entry for more. Neither term should be confused withtransvestite; see further at that entry.)Transgender is an umbrella term, encompassingtrans men andtrans women, and often also encompassingnonbinary people;[9] usingtransgender to refer strictly to people with a binary gender identity might be considered offensive and exclusionary towards non-binary people.
For the usage of this word (and similar adjectives) as anoun andverb, see below.
(broadly) of a person: having a gender (identity) which is different from one’s assigned sex; (strictly) of a person: having a gender (identity) which is opposite from the sex one was assigned at birth
"If you understandtrans-genders," she [Christine Jorgensen] says, choosing the word she prefers to transsexuals, "then you understand that gender is different than sexual preference. It doesn't have to do with bed partners, it has to do with identity." Jorgensen says she knows of some male-to-femaletrans-genders who have settled into lesbian relationships. She herself is heterosexual.
[1989, Sue-Ellen Jacobs, Christine Roberts, “Sex, Sexuality, Gender, and Gender Variance”, inSandra Morgen, editor,Gender and Anthropology: Critical Reviews for Research and Teaching, Washington, D.C.:American Anthropological Association,→ISBN,page455:
transgender—an individual who lives as a person of a gender different from the one society defines for that person's sex (e.g., male "transvestites" who wear women's clothing, hair styles and other body accoutrements, use "feminine" speech and body language, and identify with the gender categorywoman). Also sometimes referred to as "cross-gendered people" (Blackwood 1984).]
2005, Walter Bockting, Eric Avery,Transgender Health and HIV Prevention: : Needs Assessment Studies from Transgender Communities across the United States (International Journal of Transgenderism; volume 8, issues 2–3), New York, N.Y.: Haworth Medical Press,→ISBN, page116:
In a patriarchal society in whichmachismo rules, MTF [male-to-female]transgenders represent a challenge to traditional masculinity due to their renouncing of the male position of social power.
2006, Caroline Symons, Dennis Hemphill, “Transgendering Sex and Sport in the Gay Games”, in Jayne Caudwell, editor,Sport, Sexualities and Queer/Theory (Routledge Critical Studies in Sport), Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, N.Y.:Routledge,→ISBN,page122:
There were divisions for [netball] teams of men, women, mixed andtransgenders. Individualtransgenders could compete in any division; however, transgender teams could not play against biological women's teams.
2014,Sheila Jeffreys,Gender Hurts: A Feminist Analysis of the Politics of Transgenderism, Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, N.Y.:Routledge,→ISBN,page70:
This public presentation of the mutilation of the penis is not obviously very different from the forms of disassembly of the penis engaged in by male body modifiers—particularly nullos andtransgenders—on the Body Modification Ezine website.
In spite of not "rootin' and tootin'" as a trans-gender case, in recent years[Christine] Jorgensen has been a staple on the college lecture circuit, speaking – of course – abouttrans-gender and herself.
The Scientific Humanitarian Committee published a yearbook that reported on movement activities. It also documented literary, cross-cultural, cross-historical and scientific studies on same-sex love andtransgender.
Before we can answer this question, we need to consider two other phenomena – transsex andtransgender – which also expose the muddle within conventional categories of sex.
In Western countries, many transgender people consider the use oftransgender (and similar adjectives) as a noun to be offensive, and several guides advise against such usage.[10][11][12][13] “A transgender man” (for a man who was assigned the female sex at birth) or “a transgender woman” (for the reverse) is frequently more appropriate.
2005, Sue Tolleson-Rinehart, Jyl J. Josephson,Gender and American Politics,→ISBN, pages15 and 205:
[…] and one that is still dominated by male nominees, women nominees might be seen as either contributing to the regendering, or thetransgendering, of the Cabinet. […] This chapter examines women secretaries-designate in terms of their contributions to regendering ortransgendering a cabinet office, to a gender desegregation or integration of the cabinet.
In Western countries, many transgender people consider the use oftransgender (and similar adjectives) as a verb in reference to transgender individuals to be offensive, much the same as its use as a noun.[11]
^John F. Oliven (1965), “Sexual Deviations”, inSexual Hygiene and Pathology: A Manual for the Physician and the Professions, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.:J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott & Co.,→OCLC,page514:
Transexualism. Where the compulsive urge reaches beyond female vestments, and becomes an urge for gender (“sex”) change, transvestism becomes “transexualism.” The term is misleading; actually, “transgenderism” is meant, because sexuality is not a major factor in primary transvestism. Psychologically, the transexual often differs from the simple cross-dresser; he is conscious at all times of a strong desire to be a woman, and the urge can be truly consuming.
^Thomas E. Bevan (2014), “Definitions and Population Frequencies”, inThe Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism: A New View Based on Scientific Evidence, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger,ABC-CLIO,→ISBN,page42:
The termtranssexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966)[…] The termtransgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and was popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of the term much more than Prince.[…] Transsexuals constitute a subset of transgender people.
↑4.04.1Ray Simon (November2017), “Stirring up the Origin of the ‘Alphabet Soup’”, inErie Gay News[1], Erie, Pa.: EGC Coalition,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on11 November 2021:
According to scholars, the word [transgender] first appeared in print in John F. Oliven’s 1965 book, “Sexual Hygiene and Pathology.” Oliven writes: / Where the compulsive urge reaches beyond female vestments, and becomes an urge for gender (‘sex’) change, transvestism becomes ‘transsexualism.’ The term is misleading; actually, ‘transgenderism’ is what is meant, because sexuality is not a major factor in primary transvestism. / Although Oliven’s understanding of “transgender” is not the same as our understanding of it today, his use of it is still significant. As K. J. Rawson and Cristan Williams note in their book, “Transgender*: The Rhetorical Landscape of a Term,” Oliven didn’t use the word in the book’s 1955 edition; it was added later, when the second edition was revised and published. / Gradually, some members of this marginalized community began to apply the word “transgender” to themselves. For example, Virginia Charles Prince, publisher of the long-running periodical “Transvestia,” occasionally used a variation of the word, “transgenderal.”
↑5.05.1Paisley Currah (2006), “Gender Pluralisms under the Transgender Umbrella”, in Paisley Currah, Richard M. Juang, Shannon Price Minter, editors,Transgender Rights,→ISBN, part I (Law),page 4: “From signifying a subject position between cross-dresser and transsexual, the meaning oftransgender expanded radically in the early 1990s to include them, along with other cross-gender practices and identities.”
^“transgender,adj.”, inMerriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.:Merriam-Webster, 1996–present: “especially: of, relating to, or being a person whose gender identity is opposite the sex the person was identified as having at birth[…] First Known Use 1974, in the meaning defined above”
Transgender is an umbrella term used to describe people whose gender identity or lived experience does not match their sex assigned at birth. It can be used to describe people who were assigned a binary sex at birth[…] and who identify with the other binary sex[…].Transgender can also be used to identify people who identify with a nonbinary gender.
^“transgender”, inThe Reuters Style Guide[2],2018, archived fromthe original on1 August 2018: “Do not use transgender as a noun; no one should be referred to as “a transgender.’”
↑11.011.1“transgender, trans”, inGuardian and Observer Style Guide[3], 20 May 2021, archived fromthe original on13 March 2024: “Where relevant, use transgender[…] only as an adjective: transgender person, trans person; never ‘transgendered person’ or ‘a transgender’.”
^“BBC News Style Guide: Gender/sex”, inBBC Academy[4],2017, archived fromthe original on22 December 2017: “Do not say ‘transsexuals’, in the same way we would not talk about ‘gays’ or ‘blacks’.”
TERM TO AVOID: “transgenders,” “a transgender” /Transgender should be used as an adjective, not as a noun. Do not say, “Tony is a transgender,” or “The parade included many transgenders.”[…] BEST PRACTICE: transgender people, a transgender person / For example, “Tony is a transgender man,” or “The parade included many transgender people.”
2021 September 24, Julika Kott, “Onlinemagazin von trans Frauen: Ein Gegenschlag”, inDie Tageszeitung: taz[17],→ISSN:
Auf Youtube, Instagram und Twitter schreibt und spricht die Redaktion etwa über vergessene trans Personen aus der Geschichte, trans Rechte und Transphobie. In der Redaktion vonXY Média in Paris sind alle 18 Mitarbeitendentransgender.
On YouTube, Instagram and Twitter, the editorial team writes and talks about forgotten transpeople from history, trans rights and transphobia. All 18 employees at XY Média’s Paris-based editorial office aretransgender.
, Oxford:Oxford University Press, December 2023;“transgender,adj.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
transgender on Wikipedia.Wikipedia