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train

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:TrainandTráin

English

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A passenger train in the United States.
A passenger train
Atroop train in Canada during World War I.

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishtrayne(train), fromOld Frenchtrain(a delay, a drawing out), fromtraïner(to pull out, to draw), fromVulgar Latin*traginō, from*tragō, fromLatintrahō(to pull, to draw), ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*tregʰ-(to pull, draw, drag). The verb was derived from the noun in Middle English.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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train (pluraltrains)

  1. Elongated ortrailing portion.
    1. Theelongated back portion of adress orskirt (or an ornamental piece of material added to similar effect), which drags along the ground.[from 14th c.]
      Unfortunately, the leading bridesmaid stepped on the bride'strain as they were walking down the aisle.
      • 1803 (date written), [Jane Austen],Northanger Abbey; published inNorthanger Abbey: And Persuasion. [], volume(please specify |volume=I or II), London:John Murray, [], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818),→OCLC:
        They called each other by their Christian name, were always arm in arm when they walked, pinned up each other'strain for the dance, and were not to be divided in the set [...].
      • 1819,Washington Irving,The Sketch Book, Rip Van Winkle:
        He was generally seen trooping like a colt at his mother's heels, equipped in a pair of his father's cast-off galligaskins, which he had much ado to hold up with one hand, as a lady does hertrain in bad weather.
      • 2011 April 20, Imogen Fox,The Guardian:
        Lace sleeves, a demure neckline, a full skirt and a relatively modesttrain.
    2. Atrail orline of something, especiallygunpowder.[from 15th c.]
      • 1785,Thomas Jefferson,Letter to Richard Price[1]:
        [E]mancipation is put into such atrain that in a few years there will be no slaves Northward of Maryland.
      • 1873,Charlotte Mary Yonge,Aunt Charlotte's Stories of English History for the little ones:
        A party was sent to search, and there they found all the powder ready prepared, and, moreover, a man with a lantern, one Guy Fawkes, who had undertaken to be the one to set fire to thetrain of gunpowder, hoping to escape before the explosion.
    3. Thetail of abird.
      • 1591 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act III, scene iii],page108, column 2:
        Let frantikeTalbot triumph for a while,
        And like a Peacock ſweepe along his tayle,
        Wee’le pull his Plumes, and take away hisTrayne,
        If Dolphin and the reſt will be but rul’d.
      • 1894, Sir Edwin Arnold,Wandering Words, page260:
        The burning evening sun lighted with mellow gold the coats of the fierce little tiger-kittens — orange silk with stripes of black velvet — the broken amethysts and ruined emeralds of the poor bird'strain cruelly scattered over the trampled grass
      • 1917, William Henry Fitchett,Australia in the making, page xii:
        Fawn and pearl of the lyre-bird'strain, / Sheen of the bronze-wing, blue of the crane; / Cream of the plover, grey of the dove; / These are the hues of the land I love!
      • 1945,Nature Magazine, page299:
        Before the Spanish Conquest, the long, slender, green plumes of the male bird'strain adorned the headgear of Aztec and Mayan kings and chieftains, as one may clearly see in modern restorations of ancient scenes.
    4. (obsolete) The tail of ananimal in general.
    5. (poetic) The elongated body or form of somethingnarrow andwinding, such as thecourse of ariver or the body of asnake.
    6. (astronomy) Atransient trail ofglowingions behind a largemeteor as it falls through theatmosphere oraccompanying acomet as itnears the sun;tail.
      • 1839,Edgar Allan Poe,The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion:
        Finally, all men saw that astronomical knowledge lied not, and they awaited the comet. Its approach was not, at first, seemingly rapid; nor was its appearance of very unusual character. It was of a dull red, and had little perceptibletrain.
      • 1877, Amédée Guillemin, James Glaisher,The World of Comets, page200:
        It sometimes happens that thetrain is directed towards the sun, or makes a certain angle with the line joining the head and the sun; it was then called by the ancient astronomers thebeard of the comet.
      • 2014, Camille Flammarion,Popular Astronomy,→ISBN, page515:
        ...the comet expands, its vapours are developed and escape in jets towards the radiant star; then we see them driven back on each side of the head and the caudaltrain commencing.
    7. (now rare) Ananimal'strail ortrack.[from 16th c.]
    8. (obsolete, hunting) Somethingdragged or laid along the ground to form a trail ofscent orfood along which tolure an animal.
    9. (obsolete)Gait ormanner ofrunning of ahorse.
  2. Connected sequence of people or things.
    1. A group ofpeople following an importantfigure such as aking ornoble; aretinue, a group ofretainers.[from 14th c.]
      • 1610–1611 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act V, scene i]:
        Sir, I invite your Highness and yourtrain / To my poor cell, where you shall take your rest /For this one night
      • 1979, Silas H. L. Wu,Passage to Power: Kʻang-hsi and His Heir Apparent, 1661-1722[2],Harvard University Press,→ISBN,→LCCN,→OCLC,page78:
        The imperialtrain arrived on November 22 at Te-chou, a city in western Shantung along the border of Chihli.
      • 2009,Anne Easter Smith,The King's Grace:
        Grace was glad the citizenry did not know Katherine Gordon was in the king’strain, but she was beginning to understand Henry’s motive for including the pretender’s wife.
    2. Agroup of animals, vehicles, or people thatfollow one another in aline, such as a wagon train; acaravan orprocession.[from 15th c.]
      Our party formed atrain at the funeral parlor before departing for the burial.
    3. (figuratively, poetic) Agroup orclass of people.
    4. (military) The men and vehicles following anarmy, which carryartillery and other equipment forbattle orsiege.[from 16th c.]
    5. Asequence of events or ideas which are interconnected; acourse orprocedure of something.[from 15th c.]
      • 1872,Charles Darwin,The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals:
        A man may be absorbed in the deepest thought, and his brow will remain smooth until he encounters some obstacle in histrain of reasoning, or is interrupted by some disturbance, and then a frown passes like a shadow over his brow.
      • 1960 November, P. Ransome=Wallis, “Modern motive power of the German Federal Railway: Part Three”, inTrains Illustrated, page679:
        Failure to acknowledge an A.T.C. warning or excessive speed starts the sametrain of events until correction is made.
      • 2012 June 18, Rory Carroll,The Guardian:
        "Where was I?" he asked several times during the lunch, losing histrain of thought.
    6. A set of things, events, or circumstances that follow after or as aconsequence;aftermath,wake.
      • 1907, Margaret McMillan,Labour and Childhood, page120:
        Thus the development of reason is accompanied by no inner blight or withering. It does not bring in itstrain loss of faith or weakening of sympathies.
    7. (obsolete)State ofprogress,status,situation (in phrases introduced byin a + adjective);alsoproperorder orsituation (introduced byin orin a alone).[18th–19th c.]
      in a fair / better / worsetrain
      • 1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XXVI”, inClarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: [], volume IV, London: [] S[amuel] Richardson; [],→OCLC,page139:
        As we had been in a goodtrain for several days past, I thought it not prudent to break with him, for little matters.
      • 1779,Samuel Jackson Pratt, chapter 7, inShenstone-Green: or, the New Paradise Lost[3], volume 1, London: R. Baldwin, page46:
        I took care that my absence should neither be lamented by the poor nor the rich. I put every thing in a fairtrain of going on smoothly, and actually set out, with my steward, for my estate in Wales at dawning of the day.
      • 1787,George Washington, letter toAlexander Hamilton dated 10 July, 1787, inThe Writings of George Washington, Boston: American Stationers’ Company, 1837, Volume 9, p. 260,[4]
        When I refer you to the state of the counsels, which prevailed at the period you left this city, and add that they are now if possible in a worsetrain than ever, you will find but little ground on which the hope of a good establishment can be formed.
      • 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter VI, inMansfield Park: [], volume III, London: [] [George Sidney] forT[homas] Egerton, [],→OCLC,pages120-121:
        [] every thing was now in a fairertrain for Miss Crawford’s marrying Edmund than it had ever been before.
    8. A set of interconnectedmechanical parts which operate each other insequence.[from 18th c.]
    9. A series of electrical pulses.[from 19th c.]
    10. A series of specifiedvehicles (originallytramcars in amine as usual, later especiallyrailway carriages) coupled together.[from 19th c.]
    11. A mechanical (originally steam-powered, now typicallydiesel or electrical) vehicle carrying a large number of passengers andfreight along a designated track or path; aline of connectedwagons considered overall as a mode oftransport; (as uncountable noun)rail orroad travel.[from 19th c.]
      Thetrain will pull in at midday.
      • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter V, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:
        We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine.[]As we reached the lodge we heard the whistle, and we backed up against one side of the platform as thetrain pulled up at the other.
      • 2009 January 24,Hanif Kureishi,The Guardian:
        This winter we thought we'd go to Venice bytrain, for the adventure.
      • 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, inThe Economist, volume407, number8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):
        A “moving platform” scheme[]is more technologically ambitious than maglevtrains even though it relies on conventional rails. Localtrains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercitytrains and allow passengers to switchtrains by stepping through docking bays.
    12. (informal) Aservice on arailwayline.
    13. A long, heavysleigh used inCanada for thetransportation ofmerchandise,wood, etc.
    14. (computing) Asoftwarereleaseschedule.
      • 2008, Michael Bushong, Cathy Gadecki, Aviva Garrett,JUNOS For Dummies, page16:
        What steps do development engineers follow when adding new feature code? How do they support different software versions or releasetrains?
    15. (sex, slang) An act wherein series of men line up and thenpenetrate a person, especially as a form ofgang rape.[from 20th c.]
      • 2005, Violet Blue,Best Women's Erotica 2006: Volume 2001,link:
        “You want us to run atrain on you?”
Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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Translations
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the elongated back portion of a dress or skirt which drags along the ground
line of connected cars or carriages
group of animals, vehicles, or people
series of events or ideas which are interconnected
series of electric pulses
set of interconnected mechanical parts
that which is drawn along
sex: an act wherein series of men line up and then penetrate a person

Verb

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train (third-person singular simple presenttrains,present participletraining,simple past and past participletrained)

  1. (intransitive) Topractice anability.
    Shetrained seven hours a day to prepare for the Olympics.
  2. (transitive) Toteach and form (someone) by practice; toeducate (someone).
    You can'ttrain a pig to write poetry.
    • 2013 June 7,Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, inThe Guardian Weekly[5], volume188, number26, page18:
      The dispatches[] also exposed the blatant discrepancy between the west's professed values and actual foreign policies. Having lectured the Arab world about democracy for years, its collusion in suppressing freedom was undeniable as protesters were met by weaponry and tear gas made in the west, employed by a militarytrained by westerners.
  3. (intransitive) Toimprove one'sfitness.
    Itrained with weights all winter.
  4. (intransitive) Toproceed insequence.
  5. (transitive) To move (agun)laterally so that it points in a differentdirection.
    The assassin hadtrained his gun on the minister.
  6. (transitive, horticulture) Toencourage (aplant orbranch) to grow in a particulardirection orshape, usually bypruning andbending.
    Thevine had beentrained over thepergola.
    • 1805,Francis Jeffrey,The Edinburgh Review:
      Hetrains the young branches to the right hand or to the left.
  7. (transitive, machine learning) To feeddata into analgorithm, usually based on aneural network, to create amachine learningmodel that can perform some task.
    • 2023 July 15, Sheera Frenkel, Stuart A. Thompson, “‘Not for Machines to Harvest’: Data Revolts Break Out Against A.I.”, inThe New York Times[6],→ISSN:
      At least 10 lawsuits have been filed this year against A.I. companies, accusing them oftraining their systems on artists’ creative work without consent.
  8. (transitive) To transport (something) by train.
    • 1931,Ion L. Idriess,Lasseter's Last Ride, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page46:
      Colson was to truck the 'plane to Alice Springs, where it would betrained to Adelaide for repairs.
  9. (transitive, mining) To trace (alode or any mineral appearance) to itshead.
  10. (transitive, video games) To create atrainer(cheat patch) for; to applycheats to (a game).
    • 2000, Sensei David O.E. Mohr - Lord Ronin from Q-Link, “WTB:"The Last V-8" C128 game -name correction”, incomp.sys.cbm (Usenet):
      I got a twix on the 128 version being fixed andtrained by Mad Max at M2K BBS 208-587-7636 in Mountain Home Idaho. He fixes many games and puts them on his board. One of my sources for games and utils.
    • 2021, Mark J. P. Wolf,Encyclopedia of Video Games:
      In the mid-1980s, demoparties were also copyparties, where the first so called hot releases of cracked andtrained games changed hands. However, illegal software copying later disappeared[]
  11. (transitive, obsolete) To draw (something) along; to trail, to drag (something).
    • 1667,John Milton, “Book VI”, inParadise Lost. [], London: [] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker [];[a]nd by Robert Boulter [];[a]nd Matthias Walker, [],→OCLC; republished asParadise Lost in Ten Books: [], London: Basil Montagu Pickering [],1873,→OCLC:
      In hollow cube /Training his devilish enginery.
  12. (intransitive, obsolete, of clothing) Totrail down or along theground.
Derived terms
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Translations
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to practice an ability
to teach a task
to improve one's fitness
to proceed in sequence
to move (a gun) laterally so that it points in a different direction
to encourage to grow in a particular direction
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
See also
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Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishtrayne(treachery), fromAnglo-Normantraine,Middle Frenchtraïne, fromtraïr(to betray).

Noun

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train (countable anduncountable,pluraltrains)

  1. (uncountable, obsolete)Treachery;deceit.[14th–19th c.]
  2. (countable, obsolete) Atrick orstratagem.[14th–19th c.]
  3. (countable, obsolete) Atrap for animals, asnare;(figuratively) a trap in general.[14th–18th c.]
  4. (countable, obsolete) Alure; adecoy.[15th–18th c.]
  5. (countable, obsolete, falconry) Alivebird,handicapped ordisabled in some way,provided for ayounghawk tokill astraining orenticement.
  6. (countable, obsolete) Aclue ortrace.

Verb

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train (third-person singular simple presenttrains,present participletraining,simple past and past participletrained)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To draw by persuasion, artifice, or the like; to attract by stratagem; to entice; to allure.
  2. (obsolete, colloquial) To be on intimate terms with.

Etymology 3

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FromDutchtraan(tear, drop), fromMiddle Dutchtrâen, fromOld Dutchtrān, fromProto-Germanic*trahnuz. CompareGermanTräne(tear),Tran(train oil).

Noun

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train (uncountable)

  1. (obsolete)train oil,whale oil.
Derived terms
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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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train

  1. inflection oftrainen:
    1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
    3. imperative

Anagrams

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French

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Etymology

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Inherited fromMiddle Frenchtrain, fromOld Frenchtrain, from the verbtrahiner(to pull, drag).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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train m (pluraltrains)

  1. train (rail mounted vehicle)
  2. pace
  3. (Louisiana)noise

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Norman

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Etymology

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FromOld Frenchtrain(a delay, a drawing out), fromtrainer(to pull out, to draw), fromVulgar Latin*tragināre, from*tragere, fromLatintrahō,trahere(pull, draw,verb).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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train m (pluraltrains)

  1. (Jersey)train
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