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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "top"
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Translingual

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Symbol

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top

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-3language code forPapantla Totonac.

See also

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English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishtop,toppe, fromOld Englishtopp(top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything), fromProto-West Germanic*topp, fromProto-Germanic*tuppaz(braid, pigtail, end), of unknown ultimate origin.

Cognate withSaterland FrisianTop(top),Cimbriansòpf(braid),Dutchtop(top, summit, peak),GermanTopp(top of a mast),Zopf(braid, pigtail, plait, top),LuxembourgishZapp(plait, tress),Vilamoviancöp(braid, plait),Yiddishצאָפּ(tsop,braid),Danishtop(top),Icelandictoppur(top),Norwegian Bokmål,Norwegian Nynorsk andSwedishtopp(top, peak, summit, tip),Italianzuffa(brawl).

The sense of a spinning toy is separated from this, obscurely related toDutchtop anddop in this sense, against Standard Dutchtol, andFrenchtoupie having this sense.

Pronunciation

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Noun

[edit]
EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

top (countable anduncountable,pluraltops)

  1. Thehighest oruppermostpart of something.
    Synonyms:peak,summit,overside
    Antonyms:bottom,base,underside
    His kite got caught at thetop of the tree.
    • 1879,R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, inThe Amateur Poacher, London:Smith, Elder, & Co., [],→OCLC:
      But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection.
      []The linen-press and a chest on thetop of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook, [].
    1. (irrespective of present orientation) Thepart of something that isusuallyhighest oruppermost.
      We flipped the machine onto itstop.
      • 2013 March 20, Dewayne Carel, “Cooler Master V8 CPU Cooler”, in(Please provide the book title or journal name)[1], retrieved1 October 2017:
        To mount the V8, I simply placed it on itstop, and then prepped the mobo/CPU for installation (applied thermal compound).
    2. Theuppermostpart of apage,picture,viewingscreen, etc.
      Synonym:(of a page)head
      Antonym:(of a page)foot
      Further weather information can be found at thetop of your television screen.
      Headings appear at thetops of pages.
    3. Alid,cap, orcover of acontainer.
      Synonyms:cap,coverlid
      Put atop on the toothpaste tube or it will go bad.
    4. Agarmentworn tocover thetorso.
      Antonym:bottom
      I bought thistop as it matches my jeans.
      I like this pyjamatop.
    5. Aframework at the top of aship'smast to whichrigging isattached.
    6. (baseball) Thefirsthalf of aninning, during which thehometeamfields and thevisiting teambats.
    7. (archaic) Thecrown of thehead, or thehair upon it; the head.
  2. Thenearend of somewhere.
    The patio is at thetop of my garden.
    The shop is at thetop of my street.
  3. Achild'sspinningtoy; aspinning top.
    The boy was amazed at how long thetop would spin.
  4. Someone who iseminent.
    1. (archaic) Thechiefperson; the mostprominent one.
    2. Thehighestrank; the mosthonourableposition; theutmostattainableplace.
      to be at thetop of one's class, or at thetop of the school
      • c.1606 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act IV, scene i]:
        And wears upon his baby brow the round / Andtop of sovereignty.
      • 2011 September 29, Tom Rostance, “Stoke 2-1 Besiktas”, inBBC Sport:
        After drawing their first game in Kiev the Potters are nowtop of Europa League Group E ahead of back-to-back games with Maccabi Tel-Aviv.
      • 2025 March 13, Hilary Whiteman, “US tourist filmed running off with baby wombat flees Australia after visa threat”, inCNN[2]:
        The criticism came from the verytop of Australian politics, with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese suggesting Thursday that Jones should try her luck with another Australian animal that was more likely to put up a fight.
  5. (finance) A peak price of a security during a trading period, before it begins a downward trend.
    • 1921,The Market Reporter, volumes3-4, United States. Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates, page22:
      the daily average price of packer and shipper purchases ranging between $14 and $16. Beginning with the middle of September prices moved sharply upward until atop of $18.25 was reached during the week of Sept. 25. From this high point prices moved downward sharply[]
  6. (BDSM) Adominantpartner in asadomasochisticrelationship orroleplay.
    Synonyms:(usually male)dom,dominant,(female)domme,dominatrix
    Coordinate terms:bottom,sub
    • 1981 August 15, Nancy Wechsler, “Sadomasochism: Fears, Facts, Fantasies”, inGay Community News, volume 9, number 5,page 8:
      As I went on doing s/m more and more, I found the idea of topping real attractive and so I started to do that. At this point in my life I'm playingtop almost all the time.
    1. (loosely, by extension) Adominant partner in asexual relationship.
  7. (LGBTQslang) A person whopenetrates or has apreference for penetrating duringintercourse.
    Synonym:(US)pitcher
    Coordinate term:bottom
    I prefer being atop, and my boyfriend prefers being a bottom.
    • 2020,Paul Mendez,Rainbow Milk, Dialogue Books (2021), page336:
      Jean-Alain is a man of great physical strength, and Jesse is sure he is quite a handful for histops.
  8. (slang, vulgar, African-American Vernacular, MLE, MTE)Fellatio; ablowjob.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:oral sex
    • 2016 November 18, J $tash, “Guap”, inNo More Distractions[3]:
      Running up a check, I'ma drop the top
      Baby gimme neck, you know I want sometop
      You ain't tryna fuck, then baby don't just stop
    • 2017,Juice Wrld, “2017 Freestyle”, inUnreleased Songs[4]:
      I get sometop in my coupe […]
      Look at yo bitch she gon' choose
      She gon' give metop (on my block Avenue)
    • 2017,T-Wayne, “Double Standards” (track 2, 0:42–0:55 from the start), inForever Rickey:
      I just bought a new Ferrari off the lot,
      said she a virgin but she wanna give metop,
      she need some money so she call my phone a lot,
      I picked it up and then I told that bitch to stop.
    • 2017 December 22, “No Hook”, performed by 61 – Cee Drilla x Beans x Nz x Ruger,0:53–1:00:
      Man chingy chingy on opps,
      catch ringy ringy, want lots
      And clingy, clingy, got dots
      She is a bad b, she givestops
    • 2019 March 19,Nav, “Price on My Head”, inBad Habits[5]:
      His bitch gave me sometop, and now he wanna send me threats
    • 2019 November 20, Oliver Francis, “I Like”, inThe Adventures Of Oliver Francis[6]:
      I like gettin' top (Ooh), I like drivin' coupes […]
      Yeah I got Erza Scarlet tryna fuck (Yeah, ooh)
      Gettin'top and watching Crunchyroll
    • 2020 February 21,King Von, “Took Her to the O”, inLevon James[7]:
      Just got sometop from this stripper bitch, she from Kankakee
    • 2020 August 7, DON RCS, “Top Down”‎[8]:
      She asked to give me sometop and I’m down
      Head feeling loose ‘cos I’m lit off the brown
    • 2020 September 11,Ron Suno, “Wraith”‎[9] ft.DDG, chorus first time 0:24–0:27:
      I’m in a wraith with a thot, she gon’ give me sometop, cause my music a bop, aye
  9. (particle physics) Atop quark.
    Hypernym:flavor
  10. Theutmostdegree; theacme; thesummit.
  11. (ropemaking) Aplug orconicalblock ofwood withlongitudinalgrooves on itssurface, in which thestrands of theropeslide in the process oftwisting.
  12. (sound)Highestpitch orloudestvolume.
    She sang at thetop of her voice.
    • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, inMr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
      I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at thetop of my lungs.[] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.
  13. (wool manufacture) Abundle orball ofslivers ofcombedwool, from which thenoils, ordust, have beentaken out.
    • 2014, W. J. Johnson,Yarn Works: How to Spin, Dye, and Knit Your Own Yarn, page32:
      Most cotton is sold astop, requiring only predrafting prior to spinning.
  14. (obsolete, except in one sense of phraseon top of)Eve;verge;point.
    • 1603,Richard Knolles,The Generall Historie of the Turkes, [], London: [] Adam Islip,→OCLC:
      Hee was upon thetop of his marriage with Magdalaine.
  15. The part of acutgembetween thegirdle, orcircumference, and thetable, orflatuppersurface.[1]
  16. (in theplural, slang, dated)Topboots.
  17. (golf, billiards, racquet sports) Astroke on the top of theball.
  18. (golf, billiards, racquet sports) Aforwardspingiven to theball byhitting it on or near the top;topspin.
    • 1886, E.T.Sachs,The Boys Own Annual: Lawn-Tennis of the Present[10], volume 9, page778:
      What is wanted is just the reverse -i.etop or overspin, which causes the ball to revolve in the direction in which it is going.
  19. (in restaurants, preceded by a number) (Atable at which there is, or which hasenoughseats for) agroup of aspecifiednumber ofpeopleeating at arestaurant.
    • 2014, Jamey Glasnovic,Lost and Found: Adrift in the Canadian Rockies,→ISBN, page144:
      [] but with only three other tables on the patio apart from myself – two three-tops and a five-top – it's hard to imagine what the holdup is.
    • 2015, Jeff Benjamin,Front of the House: Restaurant Manners, Misbehaviors & Secrets,→ISBN:
      It is uncanny how a server can stand in front of a tentop, without the safety net of pen and paper, and remember every item ordered by each guest including salads,[]
  20. Ellipsis oftopswarm.
    • 1866,The Scottish Gardener, page397:
      My first topswarm came off on the 25th June, and a secondtop on the day following; both were put into skeps of one size, and appeared to be equal as regards the number of Bees.
  21. (military) The First Sergeant or Master Sergeant (U.S. Marine Corps), senior enlisted man at company level.
  22. (Philippines, usually in theplural) ashoot (eaten as a vegetable).

Derived terms

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Translations

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uppermost part
uppermost part of a visual field
lid, cap, cover
garment worn to cover the torso
child’s spinning toyseespinning top
top of a ship's mast
baseball term
BDSM: dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay
gay sexual slang: gay man who likes to penetrate in sex
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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top (third-person singular simple presenttops,present participletopping,simple past and past participletopped)

  1. Tocover on the top or with a top.
    I like my ice creamtopped with chocolate sauce.
  2. Toexceed inheight.
  3. Toexcel, tosurpass, tobeat, toexceed.
    Synonyms:beat,better,best,exceed;see alsoThesaurus:exceed
    Titanic was the most successful film ever until it wastopped by another Cameron film,Avatar.
    • c.1603–1606,William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene ii]:
      Well, my legitimate, if this letter speed, / And my invention thrive, Edmund the base / Shalltop th' legitimate. I grow; I prosper
    • 2005 August 23, Leslie Feinberg, “Headwaters of first mass political gay movement rise”, inWorkers World[11]:
      Within months, sales of ONE magazine weretopping 2,000 copies.
    • 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, inRAIL, number941, page50:
      The HSDT team, however, had some work to do, although by the end of 1972 the power car interior had been adjusted and BR had agreed to 'double-manning' with extra pay when speedstopped the ton. [exceeded 100 mph]
  4. To be in the lead, to be at number one position (of).
    Celine Diontopped the UK music charts twice in the 1990s.
    • 2013 December 26, Phil McNulty,BBC Sport:
      Liverpooltopped the table on Christmas Day and, after Arsenal's win at West Ham earlier on Boxing Day, would have returned to the top had they been the first team to beat City at home this season.
  5. Tocut orremove the top (as of a tree)
    I don't want to be bald, so justtop my hair.
    Top and tail the carrots.
    • 2003, Dan Prendergast, Erin Prendergast,The Tree Doctor: A Guide to Tree Care and Maintenance,→ISBN, page78:
      Topping depletes the tree of stored energy reserves and reduces the tree's ability to produce energy, as a large percentage of the leaves are removed.
  6. (British, Australia, slang, reflexive) Tocommit suicide.
    Depression causes many people totop themselves.
  7. (British, Australia, slang, rare, chiefly archaic) Tomurder orexecute.
    Synonyms:kill,murder,slaughter,slay;see alsoThesaurus:kill
  8. (BDSM) To be thedominant partner in aBDSM relationship or roleplay.
    I used to be a slave, but I ended uptopping.
    Giving advice to the dominant partner on how to run the BDSM session is called "topping from the bottom".
    • 1981 August 15, Nancy Wechsler, “Sadomasochism: Fears, Facts, Fantasies”, inGay Community News, volume 9, number 5,page 8:
      As I went on doing s/m more and more, I found the idea oftopping real attractive and so I started to do that. At this point in my life I'm playing top almost all the time.
  9. (LGBTQslang, transitive, intransitive) Topenetrate duringintercourse.
  10. (archaic) To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower.
    topping passions
  11. (archaic) Toexcel; to rise above others.
  12. (nautical) Toraise one end of (ayard, etc.), making it higher than the other.
  13. (dyeing) Tocover with anotherdye.
    totop aniline black with methyl violet to prevent greening
  14. To put a stiffening piece or back on (a saw blade).
  15. (slang, dated) To arrange (fruit, etc.) with the best on top.
  16. (of a horse) To strike the top of (an obstacle) with the hind feet while jumping, so as to gain newimpetus.
  17. To improve (domestic animals, especially sheep) by crossing certain individuals or breeds with other superior breeds.
  18. To cut, break, or otherwise take off the top of (a steel ingot) to remove unsound metal.
  19. (golf) To strike (the ball) above the centre; also, to make (a stroke, etc.) by hitting the ball in this way.

Derived terms

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Translations

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to cover on the top or with a top
to cut or remove the top
excel
slang: to murder

Adjective

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top (notcomparable)

  1. Situated on the top of something.
  2. (informal)Best; of the highest quality, fame or rank.
    She's in thetop dance school.
  3. (informal) Very good, of high quality, power, or rank.
    He's atop lawyer.
    That is atop car.
    • 2018 July 31, Julia Carrie Wong, “What is QAnon? Explaining the bizarre rightwing conspiracy theory”, inThe Guardian[12]:
      In a thread called “Calm Before the Storm”, and in subsequent posts, Q established his legend as a government insider withtop security clearance who knew the truth about a secret struggle for power involving Donald Trump, the “deep state”, Robert Mueller, the Clintons, pedophile rings, and other stuff.
  4. (transgender) Relating to thechest orbreasts.
    Coordinate term:bottom
    top surgery

Derived terms

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Translations

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on the top
informal: best

Adverb

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top (notcomparable)

  1. Best, highest.
    Our product istop-rated on all major platforms.
    This is thetop-performing school in the area.

Synonyms

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Interjection

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top

  1. (obsolete)The signal among tailors and seamstresses for snuffing the candle. The last of them to cry "top" had to snuff the candle.
    • 1819,New Bon Ton Magazine; Or, Telescope of the Times, page93:
      My hairs, you perceive, are grown grey in following our sublime trade: full many a time have I criedtop in the winter, the first of all the gentlemen on the board; and many a time has it fallen to my lot to apply the snuffers, and take off the filthy excrescence from the candle myself, but never before, in the experience of fifty long years, was it thought that English tailors were inferior to foreign ones.
    • 1879, Jacob Thompson (jun.),Eldmuir (page 21)
      "Well," replied Davie, [] "a wilful woman must have her way like any man — and I doubt your patience is sorely tried, Barbara —Top!"
      This last expression, which may seem rather irrelevant, had direct reference to the wick of the candle, which required snuffing []

See also

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References

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  • top”, inOneLook Dictionary Search.
  1. ^Edward H[enry] Knight (1877), “Top”, inKnight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. [], volumes III (REA–ZYM), New York, N.Y.:Hurd and Houghton [],→OCLC.

Anagrams

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Albanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromOttoman Turkishطوپ(top).

Noun

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top m (pluraltopa, definitetopi, definite pluraltopat)

  1. ball
    Synonym:gogë
  2. (in theplural) slang fortesticles

Declension

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Declension oftop
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativetoptopitopatopat
accusativetopin
dativetopitopittopavetopave
ablativetopash

Further reading

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  • top”, inFGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian),2006
  • FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[13],1980
  • Newmark, Leonard (1999), “top”, inOxford Albanian-English Dictionary[14]

Azerbaijani

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Turkic*top.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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top (definite accusativetopu,pluraltoplar)

  1. ball
  2. cannon
  3. (chess)rook
  4. roll(of paper or cloth)
  5. pile,stack
  6. bale,pack

Declension

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Declension oftop
singularplural
nominativetoptoplar
definite accusativetoputopları
dativetopatoplara
locativetopdatoplarda
ablativetopdantoplardan
definite genitivetopuntopların
Possessive forms oftop
nominative
singularplural
mənim(my)topumtoplarım
sənin(your)topuntopların
onun(his/her/its)toputopları
bizim(our)topumuztoplarımız
sizin(your)topunuztoplarınız
onların(their)topu ortoplarıtopları
accusative
singularplural
mənim(my)topumutoplarımı
sənin(your)topunutoplarını
onun(his/her/its)topunutoplarını
bizim(our)topumuzutoplarımızı
sizin(your)topunuzutoplarınızı
onların(their)topunu ortoplarınıtoplarını
dative
singularplural
mənim(my)topumatoplarıma
sənin(your)topunatoplarına
onun(his/her/its)topunatoplarına
bizim(our)topumuzatoplarımıza
sizin(your)topunuzatoplarınıza
onların(their)topuna ortoplarınatoplarına
locative
singularplural
mənim(my)topumdatoplarımda
sənin(your)topundatoplarında
onun(his/her/its)topundatoplarında
bizim(our)topumuzdatoplarımızda
sizin(your)topunuzdatoplarınızda
onların(their)topunda ortoplarındatoplarında
ablative
singularplural
mənim(my)topumdantoplarımdan
sənin(your)topundantoplarından
onun(his/her/its)topundantoplarından
bizim(our)topumuzdantoplarımızdan
sizin(your)topunuzdantoplarınızdan
onların(their)topundan ortoplarındantoplarından
genitive
singularplural
mənim(my)topumuntoplarımın
sənin(your)topununtoplarının
onun(his/her/its)topununtoplarının
bizim(our)topumuzuntoplarımızın
sizin(your)topunuzuntoplarınızın
onların(their)topunun ortoplarınıntoplarının

Derived terms

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Descendants

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See also

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Chess pieces in Azerbaijani ·şahmat fiqurları(layout ·text)
♚♛♜♝♞♟
şahvəzirtopfilatpiyada

Baure

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Noun

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top

  1. fog

Crimean Tatar

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Noun

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top (accusative[please provide],plural[please provide])

  1. ball
  2. lump
  3. cannon

Declension

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Declension oftop
nominativetop
genitivetopnıñ
dativetopqa
accusativetopnı
locativetopta
ablativetoptan

Derived terms

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References

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  • Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002),Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎[15], Simferopol: Dolya,→ISBN

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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top

  1. second-personsingularimperative oftopit

Danish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsetoppr, fromProto-Germanic*tuppaz.

Noun

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top c (singular definitetoppen,plural indefinitetoppe)

  1. summit,peak
  2. hairpiece
  3. top (uppermost part, lid, cap, cover, garment worn to cover the torso, child’s spinning toy)

Inflection

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Declension oftop
common
gender
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativetoptoppentoppetoppene
genitivetopstoppenstoppestoppenes

Derived terms

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Dutchtop,topp, fromOld Dutch*topp,*top, fromProto-West Germanic*topp, fromProto-Germanic*tuppaz. The sexual sense is borrowed fromEnglishtop.

Noun

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top m (pluraltoppen,diminutivetopje n)

  1. top(uppermost part)
  2. (figurative)apex
  3. summit,peak(high point of a mountain or object)
  4. summit, highest-levelassembly
  5. top(piece of women's clothing)
  6. (LGBTQ and BDSM slang)top(active or dominant sexual partner)
    Coordinate term:bottom
Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]
  • Negerhollands:top

Etymology 2

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Either derived from the noun at Etymology 1, or borrowed fromEnglishtop.

Adjective

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top

  1. (colloquial)great, verygood
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

[edit]

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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top

  1. (denominal)inflection oftoppen:
    1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
    3. imperative

Anagrams

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French

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishtop.

Pronunciation

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Noun

[edit]

top m (pluraltops)

  1. top;shirt or garment covering the upper body
  2. a signallingsound;beep

Adjective

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top (femininetoppe,masculine pluraltops,feminine pluraltoppes)

  1. top;best; highest inrank;maximum
  2. excellent;brilliant
  3. (gayslang)top(penetrator)
    Synonym:actif

Antonyms

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Adverb

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top

  1. at most;maximum

Further reading

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German

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

[edit]

Borrowed fromEnglishtop.

Adjective

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top (not comparable)

  1. (colloquial)top(of the highest quality or rank)
    hopp odertop(please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • 2022 June 8, Niclas Hildebrand, quotee, “Müller/Tillmanns Aufstieg: Bei WM hoch gehandelt”, inSüddeutsche Zeitung[16]:
      “Cinja ist in einertop athletischen Verfassung. Das gilt auch für Svenja”, sagt er.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Interjection

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top

  1. alternative form oftopp

Further reading

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  • top” inDuden online
  • top” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Indonesian

[edit]
IndonesianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaid

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Unknown(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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top (pluraltop-top)

  1. (nautical)toop,toup (a type of boat-ship produced in East Indies)

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromDutchtop, fromMiddle Dutchtop,topp, fromOld Dutch*topp,*top, fromProto-West Germanic*topp, fromProto-Germanic*tuppaz.

Noun

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top (pluraltop-top)

  1. top (uppermost part)
  2. top (piece of women's clothing)

Adjective

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top (comparativelebih top,superlativepaling top)

  1. top, great, very good

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Italian

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishtop.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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top m (invariable)

  1. (woman's dressing, garment)top

References

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  1. ^top inLuciano Canepari,Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Karaim

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Turkic*top. Cognate withTurkish,Azerbaijani, andCrimean Tatartop,Uzbekto‘p,Kazakhдоп(dop),Southern Altaiтоп(top,round thing), etc.

Noun

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top

  1. ball

References

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N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “top”, inKaraimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva,→ISBN

Kashubian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromGermanTopf.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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top inan (diminutivetopkortopùszk)

  1. synonym ofkòcelnik

Further reading

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Khalaj

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Perso-Arabicتوْپ

Etymology

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FromProto-Turkic*top.

Pronunciation

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  • (Xarrâbî)IPA(key): [top],[tŭɔ(ˑ)p]

Numeral

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top (definite accusativetopı,pluraltoplar)

  1. ball

Declension

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Declension oftop
singularplural
nominativetoptoplar
genitivetopııñtoplarııñ
dativetopqatoplarqa
definite accusativetopıtopları
locativetopçatoplarça
ablativetopdatoplarda
instrumentaltoplatoplarla
equativetopvâratoplarvâra

References

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  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1980),Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

Latvian

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Verb

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top

  1. third-personsingular/pluralpresentindicative oftapt
  2. (with the particlelai)third-personsingularimperative oftapt
  3. (with the particlelai)third-personpluralimperative oftapt

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishtopp,toppa, fromProto-West Germanic*topp.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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top (pluraltoppes)

  1. Thesummit ortop of something, especially a vertical object:
    1. The peak of a mountain or other landform.
    2. The roof or ceil of a house; the top of a fence.
    3. A lid or cap; a removable top or topping.
    4. Thehead, especially its top or the hair on its top.
  2. Asmalldeck at the dop of a ship's sails.
  3. A cluster or bunch of fibres; a tassel.
  4. A top or whirligig(spinning toy)
  5. Thestart orintroduction of something.
  6. (rare) The tip or end of something; that which something terminates in.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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Mopan Maya

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Adverb

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top

  1. very

References

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  • Hofling, Charles Andrew (2011).Mopan Maya–Spanish–English Dictionary, University of Utah Press.

Northern Kurdish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromTurkishtop, fromOttoman Turkishطوپ(top), fromProto-Turkic*top(round thing).

Noun

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top f

  1. ball(usually spherical object used for playing games)
  2. cannon

Old English

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Noun

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top m

  1. alternative form oftopp

Old French

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    FromFrankish*topp.

    Noun

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    topoblique singularm (oblique pluraltos,nominative singulartos,nominative pluraltop)

    1. hair on top of one'shead,forelock
    2. top,highestpoint
    3. tuft offlax placed ondistaff
    4. top(ship)

    Descendants

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    References

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    Polish

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    PolishWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediapl

    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Borrowed fromEnglishtop.Doublet oftupet.

    Noun

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    top inan

    1. (sailing)top(the upper end of a mast)
    2. top(garment worn to cover the torso)
    Declension
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    Declension oftop
    singularplural
    nominativetoptopy
    genitivetoputopów
    dativetopowitopom
    accusativetoptopy
    instrumentaltopemtopami
    locativetopietopach
    vocativetopietopy

    Adjective

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    top (notcomparable,no derived adverb)

    1. (slang)top notch(very good; of the highest level or quality)
      Synonyms:modny,popularny

    Etymology 2

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    See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

    Verb

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    top

    1. second-personsingularimperative oftopić

    Further reading

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    • top I inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • top II inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • top in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    Portuguese

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishtop.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    top (invariable)

    1. (colloquial)cool,awesome
    2. (colloquial)top,excellent,high-quality
      Synonym:top de linha

    Derived terms

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    Noun

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    top m (pluraltops)

    1. top(garment worn to cover the torso)

    Related terms

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    Further reading

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    Romanian

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Borrowed fromTurkishtop.

    Noun

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    top n (pluraltopuri)

    1. ream(of paper)
    2. cottonpack
    Declension
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    singularplural
    indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
    nominative-accusativetoptopultopuritopurile
    genitive-dativetoptopuluitopuritopurilor
    vocativetopuletopurilor

    Etymology 2

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    Borrowed fromEnglishtop.

    Noun

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    top n (pluraltopuri)

    1. toplist,chart,ranking
    2. top(garment worn to cover the torso)
    Declension
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    singularplural
    indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
    nominative-accusativetoptopultopuritopurile
    genitive-dativetoptopuluitopuritopurilor
    vocativetopuletopurilor

    Serbo-Croatian

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    tȍp

    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromOttoman Turkishطوپ(top).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    tȍp inan (Cyrillic spellingто̏п)

    1. cannon
    2. (chess)rook

    Declension

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    Declension oftop
    singularplural
    nominativetȍptòpovi
    genitivetòpatȍpōvā / tòpōvā
    dativetòputòpovima
    accusativetȍptòpove
    vocativetȍpetòpovi
    locativetòputòpovima
    instrumentaltòpomtòpovima

    See also

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    Chess pieces in Serbo-Croatian ·šahovskefigure /шаховскефигуре(layout ·text)
    ♚♛♜♝♞♟
    kralj
    краљ
    dama,kraljica
    дама,краљица
    top,kula
    топ,кула
    lovac,trkač,laufer
    ловац,тркач,лауфер
    skakač,konj
    скакач,коњ
    pješak,pešak,pion,pijun
    пјешак,пешак,пион,пијун

    Slovene

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    Etymology 1

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    FromProto-Slavic*tǫpъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    tȍp (comparativebȍlj tȍp,superlativenȁjbolj tȍp)

    1. blunt
    Declension
    [edit]
    Thediacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
    Hard
    masculinefeminineneuter
    nom. sing.tòptôpatôpo
    singular
    masculinefeminineneuter
    nominativetòpind
    tôpidef
    tôpatôpo
    genitivetôpegatôpetôpega
    dativetôpemutôpitôpemu
    accusativenominativeinan or
    genitive
    anim
    tôpotôpo
    locativetôpemtôpitôpem
    instrumentaltôpimtôpotôpim
    dual
    masculinefeminineneuter
    nominativetôpatôpitôpi
    genitivetôpihtôpihtôpih
    dativetôpimatôpimatôpima
    accusativetôpatôpitôpi
    locativetôpihtôpihtôpih
    instrumentaltôpimatôpimatôpima
    plural
    masculinefeminineneuter
    nominativetôpitôpetôpa
    genitivetôpihtôpihtôpih
    dativetôpimtôpimtôpim
    accusativetôpetôpetôpa
    locativetôpihtôpihtôpih
    instrumentaltôpimitôpimitôpimi

    This adjective needs aninflection-table template.

    Etymology 2

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    Borrowed fromOttoman Turkishطوپ(top).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    tȍp inan

    1. cannon
    Declension
    [edit]
    Thediacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
    Masculine inan., hard o-stem, plural in-ôv-
    nom. sing.tòp
    gen. sing.tôpa
    singulardualplural
    nominative
    (imenovȃlnik)
    tòptopôvatopôvi
    genitive
    (rodȋlnik)
    tôpatopôvtopôv
    dative
    (dajȃlnik)
    tôputopôvomatopôvom
    accusative
    (tožȋlnik)
    tòptopôvatopôve
    locative
    (mẹ̑stnik)
    tôputopôvihtopôvih
    instrumental
    (orọ̑dnik)
    tôpomtopôvomatopôvi

    Further reading

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    • top”, inSlovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene),2014–2025

    Spanish

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromEnglishtop.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈtop/[ˈt̪op]
    • Rhymes:-op
    • Syllabification:top

    Noun

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    top m (pluraltops)

    1. top(first positions of a ranking)
    2. top(female clothing)

    Derived terms

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    Adjective

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    top m orf (masculine and feminine pluraltops)

    1. (proscribed)top(situated on the top of something)
      Synonym:mejor
    2. (proscribed)top(best; of the highest quality or rank)
      Synonym:elmejor
    3. (proscribed)top(very good, of high quality)
      Synonym:muybueno

    References

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    Further reading

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    Tocharian A

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    Etymology

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    CompareTocharian Btaupe.

    Noun

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    top

    1. mine (place where ore is extracted)

    Turkish

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromOttoman Turkishطوپ(top), fromProto-Turkic*top(round thing). Cognate withAzerbaijanitop,Uzbekto‘p,Uyghurتوپ(top),Kazakhдоп(dop) etc.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    top (definite accusativetopu,pluraltoplar)

    1. ball
    2. cannon
    3. scoop (of an ice cream)
      Birtop dondurma 10 lira tutuyor.
      Ascoop of an ice cream costs 10 liras.
    4. (slang, derogatory)gay

    Declension

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    Declension oftop
    singularplural
    nominativetoptoplar
    definite accusativetoputopları
    dativetopatoplara
    locativetoptatoplarda
    ablativetoptantoplardan
    genitivetopuntopların
    Possessive forms
    nominative
    singularplural
    1st singulartopumtoplarım
    2nd singulartopuntopların
    3rd singulartoputopları
    1st pluraltopumuztoplarımız
    2nd pluraltopunuztoplarınız
    3rd pluraltoplarıtopları
    definite accusative
    singularplural
    1st singulartopumutoplarımı
    2nd singulartopunutoplarını
    3rd singulartopunutoplarını
    1st pluraltopumuzutoplarımızı
    2nd pluraltopunuzutoplarınızı
    3rd pluraltoplarınıtoplarını
    dative
    singularplural
    1st singulartopumatoplarıma
    2nd singulartopunatoplarına
    3rd singulartopunatoplarına
    1st pluraltopumuzatoplarımıza
    2nd pluraltopunuzatoplarınıza
    3rd pluraltoplarınatoplarına
    locative
    singularplural
    1st singulartopumdatoplarımda
    2nd singulartopundatoplarında
    3rd singulartopundatoplarında
    1st pluraltopumuzdatoplarımızda
    2nd pluraltopunuzdatoplarınızda
    3rd pluraltoplarındatoplarında
    ablative
    singularplural
    1st singulartopumdantoplarımdan
    2nd singulartopundantoplarından
    3rd singulartopundantoplarından
    1st pluraltopumuzdantoplarımızdan
    2nd pluraltopunuzdantoplarınızdan
    3rd pluraltoplarındantoplarından
    genitive
    singularplural
    1st singulartopumuntoplarımın
    2nd singulartopununtoplarının
    3rd singulartopununtoplarının
    1st pluraltopumuzuntoplarımızın
    2nd pluraltopunuzuntoplarınızın
    3rd pluraltoplarınıntoplarının

    Related terms

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    Volapük

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromAncient Greekτόπος(tópos,place).

    Noun

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    top (nominative pluraltops)

    1. place

    Declension

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    Declension oftop
    singularplural
    nominativetoptops
    genitivetopatopas
    dativetopetopes
    accusativetopitopis
    vocative1otop!otops!
    predicative2toputopus

    1 status as a case is disputed
    2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

    Related terms

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    Welsh

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromEnglishtop.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    top m (pluraltopiau)

    1. top(upper part of something)

    Derived terms

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    Mutation

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    Mutated forms oftop
    radicalsoftnasalaspirate
    topdopnhopthop

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Further reading

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    • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “top”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=top&oldid=88282047"
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