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Declension oftona(inanimate, ending in-a)
	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	tona	tona	tonak
ergative	tonak	tonak	tonek
dative	tonari	tonari	tonei
genitive	tonaren	tonaren	tonen
comitative	tonarekin	tonarekin	tonekin
causative	tonarengatik	tonarengatik	tonengatik
benefactive	tonarentzat	tonarentzat	tonentzat
instrumental	tonaz	tonaz	tonez
inessive	tonatan	tonan	tonetan
locative	tonatako	tonako	tonetako
allative	tonatara	tonara	tonetara
terminative	tonataraino	tonaraino	tonetaraino
directive	tonatarantz	tonarantz	tonetarantz
destinative	tonatarako	tonarako	tonetarako
ablative	tonatatik	tonatik	tonetatik
partitive	tonarik	—	—
prolative	tonatzat	—	—

Derived terms

[edit]

tonaka(“in great quantities”)

Etymology 2

[edit]

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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tona inan

(chiefly Souletin)stain,spot
Synonym:orban

Declension

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Declension oftona(inanimate, ending in-a)
	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	tona	tona	tonak
ergative	tonak	tonak	tonek
dative	tonari	tonari	tonei
genitive	tonaren	tonaren	tonen
comitative	tonarekin	tonarekin	tonekin
causative	tonarengatik	tonarengatik	tonengatik
benefactive	tonarentzat	tonarentzat	tonentzat
instrumental	tonaz	tonaz	tonez
inessive	tonatan	tonan	tonetan
locative	tonatako	tonako	tonetako
allative	tonatara	tonara	tonetara
terminative	tonataraino	tonaraino	tonetaraino
directive	tonatarantz	tonarantz	tonetarantz
destinative	tonatarako	tonarako	tonetarako
ablative	tonatatik	tonatik	tonetatik
partitive	tonarik	—	—
prolative	tonatzat	—	—

Derived terms

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tonagabe(“immaculate”)
tonatu(“to stain”)

Catalan

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLate Latintunna.Doublet oftonya. Cognate withPortuguese,Galician, andSpanishtonel.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)[ˈto.nə]
IPA^(key): (Valencia)[ˈto.na]

Noun

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tona f (pluraltones)

tun(cask with a capacity of more than 500 liters)
ton,tonne

Derived terms

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Central Huasteca Nahuatl

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Verb

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tona

(intransitive) to besunny

Classical Nahuatl

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Alternative forms

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to̱na (Mecayapan and Tatahuicapan)
tuna (Tetelcingo)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /toːna/
IPA^(key): /tuna/ (Tetelcingo)

Verb

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tona

(intransitive) Toshine; besunny.
(intransitive) To bewarm.

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Brewer, Forrest, Jean G. Brewer (1962)Vocabulario mexicano de Telecingo, Morelos: castellano-mexicano, mexicano-castellano, México: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages19, 50, 242
Karttunen, Francis (1983)An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page245
Lockhart, James (2001)Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford: Stanford University Press, page240
Wolgemuth, Carl et al. (2002)Diccionario náhuatl de los municipios de Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz‎^[3], 2nd electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages194, 261

Finnish

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Pronoun

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tona

(colloquial)essive singular oftoi

Anagrams

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Nato,anot,anto,nato,otan,tano,taon

Galician

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Etymology

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FromOld Galician-Portuguesetona (attested since the 14th century in Galician texts). From a localCelticsubstrate language,^[1] fromProto-Celtic*tonnā or*tondā(“skin”); fromProto-Indo-European*tend-, from*temh₂-(“to cut”). ComparePortuguesetona andOld Irishtonn(“skin, surface”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈtonɐ/

Noun

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tona f (pluraltonas)

film(solid or opaque layer on a liquid)
- 1746-1755, Martín Sarmiento,Catálogo de voces y frases de la lengua gallega:
  tona. Es la tez o nata que cría cualquiera líquido.
  "tona": it is the film or pellicule which is generated on any liquid
rind(of a vegetable, of cheese)
- 1840, Antonio María de la Iglesia,Poesía, page39:
  non ten pelo na cachola qu'é detona de cabazo
  he has no hair in his head, which is made of rind of pumpkin
bark
surface or upper layer of the soil

Derived terms

[edit]

estonar

References

[edit]

Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tona”, inDicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tona”, inCorpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tona”, inDicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “tona”, inTesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “tona”, inTesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega,→ISSN

^Grzega, Joachim (2001)Romania Gallica Cisalpina etymologisch-geolinguistische Studien zu den oberitalienisch-rätoromanischen Keltizismen‎^[1], Tübingen: M. Niemeyer,→ISBN, retrieved26 August 2015, page242. – viaDe Gruyter.

Herero

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Verb

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tona

tohit

Ibatan

[edit]

Etymology

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FromProto-Philippine*tuna, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*tuna, fromProto-Austronesian*tuNa.

Noun

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tona

A kind of freshwatereel.

Indonesian

[edit]

IndonesianWikipedia has an article on:

tona

Wikipedia^id

Etymology

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FromDutchtonen, plural oftoon, fromMiddle Dutchtoon, ultimately fromLatintonus.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈtona]
Hyphenation:to‧na

Noun

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tona (pluraltona-tona)

(linguistics)tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese

Alternative forms

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Italian

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Verb

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tona

inflection oftonare:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

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OTAN,anto-,nato,nota,onta

Latin

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Verb

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tonā

second-person singular present active imperative oftonō

References

[edit]

"tona", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Lithuanian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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tona f

Malagasy

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Etymology

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FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*tuna, fromProto-Austronesian*tuNa.

Noun

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tona

A species of very large nocturnalserpent.
Synonym:dona
(figurative) Aneel too large to be used as food because of its resemblance to atona.

References

[edit]

tona in Malagasy dictionaries at malagasyword.org

Maori

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Etymology

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FromProto-Polynesian*jona(“yaws”) (compare withHawaiiankona andkonakona(“wart”),Tahitiantona(“wart, chancre”) andTongantona(“yaws”)).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Noun

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tona

wart,corn,nodule

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

^Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kona”, inHawaiian Dictionary, revised & enlarged edition, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press,→ISBN, page165
^Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, inPOLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
^Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016)The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University,→ISBN, page350

Occitan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Audio: (file)

Noun

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tona f (pluraltonas)

Old Galician-Portuguese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Attested since the 14th century in Galician texts and since the 16th century in Portugal. From a localCelticsubstrate language, fromProto-Celtic*tonnā(“skin”), fromProto-Indo-European*temh₂-(“to cut”).

Noun

[edit]

tona f (pluraltonas)

film,rind,bark,peel
- c.1390, J. Luis Pensado Tomé, editor,Miragres de Santiago, page96:
  chantarõ suas lanças ante as tẽdas, et en outro dia manãa acharõnas estar frolidas et cõtona
  they stuck their spears in front of their tents, and the next day in the morning they found them withbark and blooming
- c.1409, Gerardo Pérez Barcala, editor,A tradución galega do "Liber de Medicina Equorum" de Jordanus Ruffus, page172:
  Para esto val moito as favas esbrugadas, sentona, e ben coitas con geullas novas de porco e poñanas tibias sobr[e]lo inchaço
  To this end it is very helpful to use skinned beans, without theirpeel, well cooked with fresh pork lard and they must put them lukewarm over the swelling

Descendants

[edit]

Galician:tona
Portuguese:tona

References

[edit]

Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tona”, inDicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tona”, inCorpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega

Phuthi

[edit]

Etymology 1

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FromProto-Nguni[Term?].

Pronoun

[edit]

toná

they,them;class 8 absolute pronoun.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Nguni[Term?].

Pronoun

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toná

they,them;class 10 absolute pronoun.

Polish

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Alternative forms

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tonna(obsolete)

Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchtonne.^[1]^[2] First attested in the 19th century.^[3]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.na/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ɔna
Syllabification:to‧na

Noun

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tona f (related adjectivetonowy)

(metrology)tonne,ton(one thousand kilograms)
(colloquial, figurative)ton(large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything)

Declension

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Declension oftona

	singular	plural
nominative	tona	tony
genitive	tony	ton
dative	tonie	tonom
accusative	tonę	tony
instrumental	toną	tonami
locative	tonie	tonach
vocative	tono	tony

Trivia

[edit]

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),tona is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 21 times in scientific texts, 56 times in news, 34 times in essays, 1 time in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 114 times, making it the 538th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[4]

References

[edit]

^Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “tona”, inUniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎^[2] (in Polish), volumes1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA,→ISBN
^Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “tona”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa:PWN
^J. Karłowicz,A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tonna”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page79
^Ida Kurcz (1990) “tona”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page604

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /tôna/
Hyphenation:to‧na

Noun

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tȍna f (Cyrillic spellingто̏на)

tonne
ton (2240 pounds)

Declension

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Declension oftona
	singular	plural
nominative	tȍna	tone
genitive	tone	tȏnā
dative	toni	tonama
accusative	tonu	tone
vocative	tono	tone
locative	toni	tonama
instrumental	tonom	tonama

Slovak

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈtɔna]

Noun

[edit]

tona f (relational adjectivetonový)

Declension

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Declension oftona (patternžena)

	singular	plural
nominative	tona	tony
genitive	tony	ton
dative	tone	tonám
accusative	tonu	tony
locative	tone	tonách
instrumental	tonou	tonami

Slovene

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

[edit]

tona f

Swahili

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Bantu[Term?].

Pronunciation

[edit]

Audio(Kenya): (file)

Verb

[edit]

-tona (infinitivekutona)

todrip,leak

Conjugation

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Conjugation of-tona

Positive present	-natona
Subjunctive	-tone
Negative	-toni
Imperative singular	tona

Infinitives

Positive	kutona
Negative	kutotona

Imperatives

Singular	tona
Plural	toneni

Tensed forms

Habitual	hutona
Positive past	positive subject concord + -litona
Negative past	negative subject concord + -kutona

Positive present (positive subject concord + -natona)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		ninatona/natona	tunatona
2nd person		unatona	mnatona
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	anatona	wanatona
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -natona

Negative present (negative subject concord + -toni)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		sitoni	hatutoni
2nd person		hutoni	hamtoni
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	hatoni	hawatoni
3rd person	other classes	negative subject concord + -toni

Positive future	positive subject concord + -tatona
Negative future	negative subject concord + -tatona

Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tone)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		nitone	tutone
2nd person		utone	mtone
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	atone	watone
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -tone

Negative subjunctive	positive subject concord + -sitone
Positive present conditional	positive subject concord + -ngetona
Negative present conditional	positive subject concord + -singetona
Positive past conditional	positive subject concord + -ngalitona
Negative past conditional	positive subject concord + -singalitona

Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atona)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		natona	twatona
2nd person		watona	mwatona
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	atona	watona
	m-mi_(III/IV)	watona	yatona
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	latona	yatona
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	chatona	vyatona
	n_(IX/X)	yatona	zatona
	u_(XI)	watona	seen_(X) orma_(VI) class
	ku_(XV/XVII)	kwatona
	pa_(XVI)	patona
	mu_(XVIII)	mwatona

Perfect	positive subject concord + -metona
"Already"	positive subject concord + -meshatona
"Not yet"	negative subject concord + -jatona
"If/When"	positive subject concord + -kitona
"If not"	positive subject concord + -sipotona
Consecutive	katona /positive subject concord + -katona
Consecutive subjunctive	positive subject concord + -katone

Object concord (indicative positive)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		-nitona	-tutona
2nd person		-kutona	-watona/-kutoneni/-watoneni
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	-mtona	-watona
	m-mi_(III/IV)	-utona	-itona
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	-litona	-yatona
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-kitona	-vitona
	n_(IX/X)	-itona	-zitona
	u_(XI)	-utona	seen_(X) orma_(VI) class
	ku_(XV/XVII)	-kutona
	pa_(XVI)	-patona
	mu_(XVIII)	-mutona
Reflexive		-jitona

Relative forms

General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tona- +relative marker)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-tonaye	-tonao
m-mi_(III/IV)	-tonao	-tonayo
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-tonalo	-tonayo
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-tonacho	-tonavyo
n_(IX/X)	-tonayo	-tonazo
u_(XI)	-tonao	seen_(X) orma_(VI) class
ku_(XV/XVII)	-tonako
pa_(XVI)	-tonapo
mu_(XVIII)	-tonamo

Other forms (subject concord +tense marker +relative marker + (object concord) + -tona)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-yetona	-otona
m-mi_(III/IV)	-otona	-yotona
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-lotona	-yotona
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-chotona	-vyotona
n_(IX/X)	-yotona	-zotona
u_(XI)	-otona	seen_(X) orma_(VI) class
ku_(XV/XVII)	-kotona
pa_(XVI)	-potona
mu_(XVIII)	-motona

Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. SeeAppendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Swazi

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Nguni[Term?].

Pronoun

[edit]

toná

they,them;class 8 absolute pronoun.

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromProto-Nguni[Term?].

Pronoun

[edit]

toná

they,them;class 10 absolute pronoun.

Swedish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Audio: (file)

Verb

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tona (presenttonar,preteritetonade,supinetonat,imperativetona)

(usually withfram(“forth”)) to slowlyemerge (from notion of slowly shifting in tone)
En pizzatonade fram ur dimman
A pizzaemerged ("toned forth") from the fog
totone, totint (give a different shade of color)
tona håret
tone one's hair
tosound (in tones)

Conjugation

[edit]

Conjugation oftona (weak)
	active		passive
infinitive	tona		tonas
supine	tonat		tonats
imperative	tona		—
imper. plural¹	tonen		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	tonar	tonade	tonas	tonades
ind. plural¹	tona	tonade	tonas	tonades
subjunctive²	tone	tonade	tones	tonades

present participle		tonande
past participle		tonad

¹ Archaic.² Dated. Seethe appendix on Swedish verbs.

Tahitian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*jona(“yaws”) (compare withHawaiiankona andkonakona(“wart”),Maoritona(“wart, nodule”) andTongantona(“yaws”)).^[1]^[2]

Noun

[edit]

tona

wart,chancre

References

[edit]

^Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, inPOLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
^Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016)The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University,→ISBN, page350

Tokelauan

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈto.na]
Hyphenation:to‧na

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*te-o-na. Cognates includeHawaiiankona andSamoanlona.

Determiner

[edit]

tona

(inalienable, definite)his,her

Tokelauan possessive determiners
Definite inalienable (O-type)
	singular reference	plural reference
sg	du	pl	sg	du	pl
long	short	long	short
1st person	excl.	toku,tota¹	tomāua	tomā	tomātou	oku,ota¹	omāua	omā	omātou
incl.	―	totāua	totā	totātou	―	otāua	otā	otātou
2nd person	tō	toulua	toutou	ō	oulua	outou
3rd person	tona	tolāua	tolā	tolātou	ona	olāua	olā	olātou

Definite alienable (A-type)
	singular reference	plural reference
sg	du	pl	sg	du	pl
long	short	long	short
1st person	excl.	taku,tata¹	tamāua	tamā	tamātou	aku,ata¹	amāua	amā	amātou
incl.	―	tatāua	tatā	tatātou	―	atāua	atā	atātou
2nd person	tau	taulua	tautou	au	aulua	autou
3rd person	tana	talāua	talā	talātou	ana	alāua	alā	alātou

Indefinite inalienable (O-type)
	singular reference	plural reference
sg	du	pl	sg	du	pl
long	short	long	short
1st person	excl.	hoku,hota¹	homāua	homā	homātou	nioku, niota¹	ni omāua	ni omā	ni omātou
incl.	―	hotāua	hotā	hotātou	―	ni otāua	ni otā	ni otātou
2nd person	hō	houlua	houtou	niō	nioulua	nioutou
3rd person	hona	holāua	holā	holātou	niona	ni olāua	ni olā	ni olātou

Indefinite alienable (A-type)
	singular reference	plural reference
sg	du	pl	sg	du	pl
long	short	long	short
1st person	excl.	haku,hata¹	hamāua	hamā	hamātou	niaku, niata¹	ni amāua	ni amā	ni amātou
incl.	―	hatāua	hatā	hatātou	―	ni atāua	ni atā	ni atātou
2nd person	hau	haulua	hautou	niau	niaulua	niautou
3rd person	hana	halāua	halā	halātou	niana	ni alāua	ni alā	ni alātou

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*tona-tona(“clitoris”). Cognates includeMaoritonetone andSamoantona.

Noun

[edit]

tona

(vulgar)anus

References

[edit]

R. Simona, editor (1986),Tokelau Dictionary‎^[4], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page397

Tongan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*jona(“yaws”) (compare withHawaiiankona andkonakona(“wart”),Tahitiantona(“wart, chancre”) andMaoritona(“wart, nodule”)).^[1]^[2]

Noun

[edit]

tona

yaws

References

[edit]

^Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, inPOLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
^Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016)The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University,→ISBN, page350

Tuvaluan

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

tona

(anatomy)leg

Yami

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Philippine*tuna, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*tuna, fromProto-Austronesian*tuNa.

Noun

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tona

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English

Noun

Anagrams

Basque

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Further reading

Central Huasteca Nahuatl

Verb

Classical Nahuatl

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

Derived terms

References

Finnish

Pronoun

Anagrams

Galician

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

References

Herero

Verb

Ibatan

Etymology

Noun

Further reading

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Alternative forms

Further reading

Italian

Verb

Anagrams

Latin

Verb

References

Lithuanian

Etymology

Noun

Malagasy

Etymology

Noun

References

Maori

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Occitan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Noun

Descendants

References

Phuthi

Etymology 1