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ton

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "ton"
Languages (36)
Translingual • English
Antillean Creole • Catalan • Chuukese • Crimean Tatar • Danish • Dutch • Finnish • Franco-Provençal • French • Friulian • Fula • Haitian Creole • Hausa • Indonesian • Irish • Jamaican Creole • Japanese • Middle English • Old English • Old French • Old Javanese • Old Occitan • Polish • Romanian • Serbo-Croatian • Skolt Sami • Spanish • Swedish • Ter Sami • Ternate • Turkish • Volapük • Welsh • Zuni
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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ton

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-2 &ISO 639-3language code forTongan.

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
This solid concrete block weighs one metric ton.
This Smart car weighs roughly one short ton.

Etymology 1

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Variant oftun(cask), influenced byOld Frenchtonne(ton).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton (pluraltons)

  1. Any ofvariousunits ofmass, originally notionallyequal to thecontents of atun, particularly:
    1. Theshort ton of 2000pounds (about 907kg), 20hundredweights of 100pounds avoirdupois each.
    2. Thelong ton of 2240pounds (about 1016kg), 20hundredweights of 112pounds avoirdupois each.
    3. Themetric ton of 1000kilograms, 10quintals of 100kilograms each.
      Synonyms:tonne,metric ton,megagram
  2. Any ofvariousunits ofvolume, originally notionallyequal to thecontents of atun, particularly:
    1. Themeasurement ton of(US) 40 or(UK) 42cubic feet (about 1.1 or 1.2).
    2. Theregister ton of 100cubic feet (about 2.83).
  3. (figuratively) Anylarge,excessive, oroverwhelmingamount ofanything.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:lot
    I’ve got aton of work to do.
    I've gottons of work to do.
  4. (HVAC) Aunit ofthermalpower equal to 12,000BTU/h (about 3.5kW), approximating theidealizedrate ofcooling provided byuniformisothermalmelting of 1short ton ofice perday at 0°C.
  5. (colloquial, chiefly UK)Synonym ofhundred, particularly
    1. 100pounds sterling.
    2. (darts, snooker, etc.) 100points.
      Synonym:tonne
    3. (cricket) 100runs.
      Synonym:century
    4. Aspeed of 100mph.
      • 1970, Mungo Jerry, “In The Summertime”, inIn The Summertime:
        Speed along the lane / Do aton or aton and twenty-five
      • 2008,Damon Beesley,Iain Morris, “Caravan Club”, inThe Inbetweeners, Series 1, Episode 5,E4:
        Neil: How fast can this thing go then, do you reckon?
        Simon: Well, it's the special edition, so I reckon it could probably top aton.
        Neil: Bollocks!
      • 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, inRAIL, number941, page50:
        The HSDT team, however, had some work to do, although by the end of 1972 the power car interior had been adjusted and BR had agreed to 'double-manning' with extra pay when speeds topped theton.
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Descendants
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Translations
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various units of mass notionally equivalent to a tun
short tonseeshort ton
long tonseelong ton
metric tonseemetric ton
measurement tonseemeasurement ton
register tonseeregister ton
any hyperbolically or oppressively large amount
slang: speed of 100 mph
slang: £100

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromFrenchton(manner), fromLatintonus.Doublet oftone,tune, andtonus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton (uncountable)

  1. Fashion, the current style, thevogue.
  2. Fashionable society; those in style.
    • 1790,Amelia Opie, chapter 13, inDangers of Coquetry, volume I:
      [S]he thought herself incapable of being flattered by the attentions of a man she despised, because he was the reigning idol of theton[].
    • 1823 December 17, [Lord Byron],Don Juan. Cantos XII.—XIII.—and XIV., London: [] [C. H. Reynell] forJohn Hunt, [],→OCLC, canto XIII,(please specify the stanza number):
      The party might consist of thirty three Of highest caste—the Brahmins of theton.
    • 1848 November –1850 December,William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 30, inThe History of Pendennis. [], volume I, London:Bradbury and Evans, [], published1849,→OCLC:
      Pen was somewhat older than many of his fellow-students, and there was that about his style and appearance, which, as we have said, was rather haughty and impertinent, that stamped him as a man ofton—very unlike those pale students who were talking law to one another, and those ferocious dandies, in rowing shirts and astonishing pins and waistcoats, who represented the idle part of the little community.
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Etymology 3

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Noun

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ton (pluraltons)

  1. Synonym oftunny,particularly thecommontunny orhorse mackerel.

See also

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Anagrams

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Antillean Creole

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Etymology

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FromFrenchthon.

Noun

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ton

  1. tuna

Catalan

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Catalanton, fromVulgar Latin*tum, reduced form ofLatintuum, fromProto-Italic*towos. CompareOccitan andFrenchton.

In unstressed position in Vulgar Latintuum, tuam etc. were monosyllabic and regularly becameton, ta etc. in Catalan. When stressed they were disyllabic and becameteu,tua >teua etc.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ton m (feminineta,masculine pluraltos,feminine pluraltes)

  1. your (singular)
Usage notes
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  • The use ofton and the other possessive determiners is mostly archaic in the majority of dialects, with articulated possessive pronouns (e.g.el meu) mostly being used in their stead. However,mon,ton, andson are still widely used before certain nouns referring to family members and some affective nouns, such asamic,casa, andvida. Which nouns actually find use with the possessive determiners depends greatly on the locale.

The standard masculine plural form istos, buttons can be found in some dialects.

See also

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References

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  • “ton” inDiccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ton

  1. inflection oftondre:
    1. third-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. second-personsingularimperative

Chuukese

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Noun

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ton

  1. torch

Crimean Tatar

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Noun

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ton (accusative[please provide],plural[please provide])

  1. furcoat

Derived terms

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Danish

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DanishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediada

Etymology

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FromEnglishton, variant oftun(cask).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton c orn (singular definitetonnetortonnen,plural indefinitetonortons,abbreviationt)

  1. tonne,metric ton(unit of weight, equivalent to 1000 kilograms)

See also

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchtonne,Old Dutchtunna, fromMedieval Latintunna.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton f (pluraltonnen,diminutivetonnetje n)

  1. barrel
  2. ton(1000 kilograms)
  3. 100,000 of some monetary unit, particularly guilders
    Dat zou zeker een ton kosten.
    Dat zou zeker een ton euro kosten.
    140.000 euro is bijna drie ton gulden
  4. a large amount
    Hij leende tonnen met geld. - He borrowed large amounts of money.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^Philippa, Marlies;Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke;van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “ton1”, inEtymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam:Amsterdam University Press

Finnish

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Pronoun

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ton

  1. (colloquial)genitivesingular oftoi
  2. (colloquial)accusativesingular oftoi

Anagrams

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Franco-Provençal

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Etymology

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Inherited fromVulgar Latin*tum.Doublet oftin(possessive pronoun).

Determiner

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ton (feminineta,masculine pluraltosortes,feminine pluraltes)(ORB, broad)

  1. your(second-personal singular possessor)

See also

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Franco-Provençal possessive determiners
possessee
singularplural
mfmf
possessorsingular1stmonmamosmes
2ndtontatostes
3rdsonsasosses
plural1stnoutronnoutranoutrosnoutres
2ndvoutronvoutravoutrosvoutres
3rdlorlors

References

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  • ton in DicoFranPro:Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – ondicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
  • ton in Lo trèsor Arpitan – onarpitan.eu

French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Frenchton,tos, fromLatintuus.

Determiner

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ton m (feminineta,pluraltes)

  1. (possessive)your
    Tu as pensé à prendreton livre ?
    Did you remember to bringyour book?
    Ton écriture est jolie.
    Your writing is pretty.
    J'aime beaucoupton manteau.
    I really likeyour coat.
Usage notes
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Ton is used before all singular nouns beginning with a vowel or a mute H, even those that are feminine. However,ta is used with singular feminine nouns beginning with an aspirated H.

Derived terms
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Related terms
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French possessive determiners
possessee
singularplural
mf
possessorsingular1stmon1mames
2ndton1tates
3rdson1sases
plural1stnotrenos
2ndvotre2vos2
3rdleurleurs
1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel ormuteh.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.
For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologismsman,tan,san. These are extremely rare.

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromLatintonus.Doublet oftonus, a later borrowing.

Noun

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ton m (pluraltons)

  1. tone(sound of a particular frequency)
  2. (music)tone(interval)
    Il y auntonentredoet
    Doh and ray are separated by onetone.
  3. tone(manner of speaking)
    Jen'aimepasletonsurlequeltumeparles!
    I don’t like yourtone! (I don’t like theway you are talking to me!)
  4. tone,shade(of colour)
    Différentstonsderouge.
    Severalshades of red.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Turkish:ton

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Friulian

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Etymology 1

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FromLatintonus, fromAncient Greekτόνος(tónos). CompareItaliantuono,Romanschtun,tung,Dalmatiantun,Romaniantun.

Noun

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ton m (pluraltons)

  1. thunder
Related terms
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Etymology 2

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FromLatinthunnus, fromAncient Greekθύννος(thúnnos). CompareItaliantonno.

Noun

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ton m (pluraltons)

  1. tuna

Etymology 3

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Ultimately borrowed fromLatintonus. CompareFrenchton,Italiantono.

Noun

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ton m (pluraltons)

  1. tone

Fula

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Alternative forms

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  • (Pulaar)to

Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.).

Adverb

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ton

  1. (Pular)there, over there
    Hammadi Sammba ko leydi Funnaange iwi. Wolarɓe Labe ɓen kadi koton iwi.
    Hammadi Samba came from a region situated in the East. The Wolarɓe of Labe also came fromover there.

Usage notes

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References

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Haitian Creole

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Etymology

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FromFrenchthon.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton

  1. tuna

Hausa

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishton.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tôn m

  1. ton(unit of weight)

Indonesian

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IndonesianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaid

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromDutchton, fromMiddle Dutchtonne, fromOld French[Term?], fromLatintunna,tonna, itself from aCeltic word cognate toIrishtonn(skin).

Noun

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ton (pluralton-ton)

  1. ton:
    1. tonne,metric ton: a unit of weight (mass) equal to 1000 kilograms
    2. register ton, a unit of a ship's capacity equal to 100 cubic feet or 2.83 m3
    3. long ton,weight ton: the avoirdupois or Imperial ton of 2,240 pounds (1,016.0469 kg)
    4. displacement ton
  2. (colloquial) athousandrupiah
Alternative forms
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  • tan(Standard Malay)
Related terms
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Etymology 2

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FromDutchtoon, fromMiddle Dutchtoon, ultimately fromLatintonus.

Noun

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ton (pluralton-ton)

  1. alternative form oftona(tone)

Further reading

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Irish

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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ton m (genitive singulartoin,nominative pluraltoin)

  1. (biology, literature, music)tone

Declension

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Declension ofton (first declension)
forms with thedefinite article
singularplural
nominativeantonnatoin
genitiveantoinnadton
dativeleis anton
donton
leis natoin

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutated forms ofton
radicallenitioneclipsis
tonthondton

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Jamaican Creole

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Etymology

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Derived fromEnglishturn.

Verb

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ton

  1. toturn

Further reading

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  • ton at majstro.com

Japanese

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Romanization

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ton

  1. Rōmaji transcription ofとん

Middle English

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishtān; equivalent toto +‎-en(plural suffix).

Noun

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ton

  1. plural ofto(toe)

Old English

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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tōn

  1. inflection oftōh:
    1. weakaccusativemasculine/femininesingular
    2. weakgenitive/dative/instrumentalmasculine/feminine/neutersingular
    3. weaknominative/accusativemasculine/feminine/neuterplural

Old French

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Alternative forms

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  • toun(Anglo-Norman)
  • tun(Anglo-Norman)

Etymology

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FromLatintuus, tuum.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ton m (feminineta,pluraltes)

  1. your (second-person singular possessive)

Descendants

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Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Unknown. Cognate ofIndonesiantonton.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ton

  1. tosee
  2. tolook

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • "ton" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson,Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Occitan

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Etymology

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FromLatinthunnus.

Noun

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ton m (oblique pluraltons,nominative singulartons,nominative pluralton)

  1. tuna (fish)

References

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Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Learned borrowing fromLatintonus, fromAncient Greekτόνος(tónos), fromProto-Hellenic*tónos, fromProto-Indo-European*tónos, from*ten-.

Noun

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ton inan (related adjectivetonowy)

  1. (linguistics, music)tone
    Synonyms:barwa,brzmienie,zabarwienie
Declension
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Declension ofton
singularplural
nominativetontony
genitivetonutonów
dativetonowitonom
accusativetontony
instrumentaltonemtonami
locativetonietonach
vocativetonietony
Derived terms
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adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verbs

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromGermanTon.

Noun

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ton inan (related adjectivetonowy)

  1. whiteclay used forpaintingwalls(Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)
    Hypernym:glina
    • 1948,Tadeusz Borowski, “Pożegnanie z Marią”, inPożegnanie z Marią: Opowiadania[2], Warszawa: Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza "Wiedza", page21:
      [...] firma budowlana zaś sprzedawała, tak chłopom jak inżynierom, mokryton, skamieniały cement, mieszała wapno z wodą, a lepik z piaskiem,[...]
      ... whereas the construction company sold, to farmers as well as to engineers, wetclay and hardened cement, mixed lime with water and cement with sand...
Declension
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Declension ofton
singularplural
nominativetontony
genitivetonutonów
dativetonowitonom
accusativetontony
instrumentaltonemtonami
locativetonietonach
vocativetonietony

Further reading

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  • ton inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ton in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Etymology 1

[edit]

Borrowed fromFrenchthon.

Noun

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ton m (pluraltoni)

  1. tuna
Declension
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Declension ofton
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativetontonultonitonii
genitive-dativetontonuluitonitonilor
vocativetonuletonilor

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromFrenchton, fromLatintonus. Doublet oftun.

Noun

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ton n (pluraltonuri)

  1. tone
Declension
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Declension ofton
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativetontonultonuritonurile
genitive-dativetontonuluitonuritonurilor
vocativetonuletonurilor
Related terms
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Serbo-Croatian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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tȏn inan (Cyrillic spellingто̑н)

  1. tone

Declension

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Declension ofton
singularplural
nominativetȏntónovi
genitivetonatonova
dativetonutonovima
accusativetontonove
vocativetonetonovi
locativetonutonovima
instrumentaltonomtonovima

Further reading

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  • ton”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2025

Skolt Sami

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Etymology

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FromProto-Samic*tonë.

Pronoun

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ton

  1. you(singular)

Inflection

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Declension ofton
singulardualplural
nominativetontuänatij
genitivetuutuännaitij
accusativetuutuännaidtiʹjjid
illativetuʹnnetuännaidtiʹjjid
locativetuʹsttuännasttiiʹst
comitativetuintuännaintiʹjjivuiʹm
abessivetuutäätuännaitäätiʹjjitää
essivetuuʹnentuännan
partitivetuuʹđed

Further reading

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  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008),Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈton/[ˈt̪õn]
  • Rhymes:-on
  • Syllabification:ton

Noun

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ton m (uncountable)

  1. clipping oftono

Further reading

[edit]

Swedish

[edit]
SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv

Etymology 1

[edit]

Borrowed fromEnglishton. First attested in 1795.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ton n

  1. tonne,metric ton (one thousand kilograms)
    En bil väger ofta mellan ett och tvåton
    A car often weighs between one and twotonnes [1000–2000 kilograms]
Declension
[edit]
Declension ofton
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitetontons
definitetonnettonnets
pluralindefinitetontons
definitetonnentonnens
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromLatintonus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

[edit]

ton c

  1. atone (sound of a particular frequency)
  2. (music)tone (interval)
  3. tone (manner of speaking (or communicating more generally))
    Han sa det med en argton
    He said it with an angrytone
    att hålla godton
    to avoid personal attacks and the like
    (literally, “to keep goodtone [idiomatic]”)
  4. tone,shade(of color)
Declension
[edit]
Declension ofton
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitetontons
definitetonentonens
pluralindefinitetonertoners
definitetonernatonernas
Related terms
[edit]

References

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Ter Sami

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Samic*tonë.

Pronoun

[edit]

ton

  1. you (singular)

Further reading

[edit]
  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008),Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[4], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Ternate

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Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ton

  1. alternative form oftoni(flying fish)

References

[edit]
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001),A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Borrowed fromFrenchton.

Noun

[edit]

ton (definite accusativetonu,pluraltonlar)

  1. tone (all senses)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Borrowed fromFrenchtonne.

Noun

[edit]

ton (definite accusativetonu,pluraltonlar)

  1. tonne,metric ton

Etymology 3

[edit]

Borrowed fromFrenchthon.

Noun

[edit]

ton (definite accusativetonu,pluraltonlar)

  1. tuna
    Synonym:ton balığı

Volapük

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ton (nominative pluraltons)

  1. sound

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofton
singularplural
nominativetontons
genitivetonatonas
dativetonetones
accusativetonitonis
vocative1oton!otons!
predicative2tonutonus

1 status as a case is disputed
2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Welsh

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Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromMiddle Welshtonn, fromProto-Brythonic*tonn, fromProto-Celtic*tundā.

Noun

[edit]

ton f (pluraltonnau)

  1. wave,billow
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Middle Welshtonn, fromProto-Celtic*tondā(surface), from the o-grade ofProto-Indo-European*tend- ~*temh₁-(to cut).

Noun

[edit]

ton m (pluraltonnau)

  1. lea,unploughed land,turf
  2. skin,rind,crust
    Synonyms:croen,crofen,crystyn,pil
Derived terms
[edit]

Mutation

[edit]
Mutated forms ofton
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
tondonnhonthon

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “ton”, inGweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ton”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Zuni

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ton

  1. Second persondualsubject(medial position)
    you two
  2. Second personpluralsubject(medial position)
    you (three or more)

Related terms

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See also

[edit]
Zuni personal pronouns
singulardualplural
1st person (medial)ho'honhon
1st person (final)hoo'oho'noho'no
2nd person (medial)to'tonton
2nd person (final)too'oto'noto'no
3rd person (medial)'aachi
3rd person (final)'aachi
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