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token

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Tokenandtōken

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishtoken,taken, fromOld Englishtācn(sign, symbol), fromProto-West Germanic*taikn, fromProto-Germanic*taikną(indicator, symbol, sign), fromProto-Indo-European*deyḱ-(to show, instruct, teach) with Germanic *k rather than *h byKluge's law.[1] Cognate withScotstakin,taiken(token, sign),Saterland FrisianTeken(sign, symbol),West Frisianteken(sign, mark, symbol),Dutchteken(sign, indication, symbol),German Low GermanTeken(sign, symbol),GermanZeichen(sign, token),Danishtegn(sign, token, character),Swedishtecken(sign, indication),Faroesetekn,tekin(mark, sign, signal),Icelandicteikn(sign, omen),Icelandictákn(symbol).

The verb is fromMiddle Englishtoknen, fromOld Englishtācnian.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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token (pluraltokens)

  1. Something serving as anexpression of something else.
    Synonyms:sign,symbol,pledge
    According to the Bible, the rainbow is atoken of God's covenant with Noah.
  2. Akeepsake.
    Synonyms:memento,souvenir
    Please accept this bustier as atoken of our time together.
  3. A piece ofstampedmetal orplastic, etc., used as a form of currency; avoucher that can be exchanged forgoods orservices.
    Subwaytokens are being replaced by magnetic cards.
    A booktoken is the easiest option for a Christmas gift.
  4. A small physical object, often designed to give the appearance of a common thing, used to represent a person or character in aboard game or other situation.
    Everyone pick atoken (hat, wheelbarrow, thimble, etc.) and place it on the Start square.
  5. A minor attempt forappearance's sake, or tominimallycomply with arequirement; aformality.
    His apology was no more than atoken.
    1. A member of a group of people that is included within a larger group to comply with a legal or social requirement.
      • 1968,Ave Maria, volume108, page17:
        New York Philharmonic has atoken of one Negro. The Pittsburgh Symphony ranks high with threetokens. Cleveland has one, and other major symphony orchestras such as Philadelphia, Boston and Chicago still say, "Get back!"
      • 2005, Morris Fromkin, edited by Peter G. Watson-Boone,The Quest for Social Justice III, page61:
        Five women weretokens on both counts. Comparing racialtokens to nontokens,tokens reported significantly less favorable interpersonal interactions with their White male colleagues.
      • 2013, Robert J. Durán,Gang Life in Two Cities: An Insider's Journey, page208:
        They weretokens, however: the majority of oppressed people will not experience these benefits.Tokens were used to pacify the masses and provide the mirage that racism was no longer a factor
      • 2013, Vicki Smith,Sociology of Work: An Encyclopedia, page485:
        Women and racial minorities (e.g., blacks, Hispanics, Asians) often aretokens in organizations or in organizational groups (e.g., departments, boards of directors, management).
  6. (obsolete, sometimes figurative)Evidence,proof; aconfirmingdetail; physicaltrace,mark,footprint.
  7. Support for abelief; grounds for anopinion.
    Synonyms:reason,reasoning
  8. Anextraordinaryevent serving as evidence ofsupernatural power.
    Synonym:miracle
  9. Anobject ordisclosure toattest orauthenticate the bearer or an instruction.
    Synonym:password
  10. Aseal guaranteeing thequality of an item.
  11. Something given or shown as asymbol orguarantee ofauthority orright; asign ofauthenticity, of power, good faith.
  12. Atally.
  13. (philosophy) A particular thing to which aconceptapplies.
  14. (computing) Anatomic piece ofdata, such as aword, for which ameaning may beinferred duringparsing.
    Synonym:symbol
    Coordinate terms:lexeme;placeholder
    • 2004, Randall Hyde,Write Great Code: Understanding the Machine, page68:
      For each lexeme, the scanner creates a small data package known as atoken and passes this data package on to the parser.
  15. (computing) Aconceptualobject that can bepossessed by acomputer,process, etc. in order toregulate a turn-taking system such as atoken ringnetwork.
  16. (computing) A meaninglessplaceholder used as asubstitute forsensitivedata.
  17. (grammar) Alexeme; a basic, grammaticallyindivisibleunit of alanguage such as akeyword,operator oridentifier.
  18. (corpus linguistics) A singleexample of a certainword in a text orcorpus.
    • 2007, Khurshid Ahmad, “Artificial Ontologies and Real Thoughts: Populating the Semantic Web?”, in Roberto Basili, Maria Teresa Pazienza, editors,AI*IA 2007: Artificial Intelligence and Human-Oriented Computing, Springer-Verlag, page10:
      However, note thetokenontology, ranked the 15th most frequenttoken in our ontology corpus, occurs 1940 times out of 336,311tokens, butontology only occurs 52 times in the BNC – the ratio of two relative frequencies is 10895.
    Antonym:type
  19. (medicine) A characteristic sign of adisease or of a bodilydisorder, asymptom; a sign of a bodily condition, recovery, or health.
  20. (medicine, obsolete) Alividspot upon thebody, indicating, or supposed to indicate, the approach ofdeath.
  21. (printing) Ten and a halfquires, or, commonly, 250sheets, ofpaper printed on both sides; also, in some cases, the same number of sheets printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides.
  22. (mining) A bit ofleather having a peculiarmark designating a particularminer. Eachhewer sent one of these with eachcorf or tub he hadhewn.
    • 1864 August 6, “Miners and Their Grievances”, inThe Spectator, volume37, number1884, page902:
      But the coal-owner refuses to pay for a corf or tub simply on the ground that it contains too little weight, or that it contains “softs” instead of all “hards,”—a refusal technically known by its symbol as “hanging the motties," or by a bolder metaphor as “hanging the hutches,”—the “motties,” ortokens peculliar to the collier who sends up the corf. being hung up, if satisfactory, on the proper “motty-board peg,” if not so, on the “death-board peg;” and it is asserted that “at some collieries as many as 60 or 70 each day, worth to the collier from 6d. to 8. each, are taken from them in this manner.”
    • 1873, Richard Fynes,The Miners of Northumberland and Durham, page110:
      But worse still was the practice of defrauding them of their earnings, for as their “tokens” were put on to the outside of the tubs it often happened that hundreds were taken off and thrown away; so that they often found, to their exceeding chagrin, when they came to bank, that after having put up with all the abuse and ill-treatment in the mine they had got little or nothing for working all day.
    • 1877, “Northern Industries”, inThe Primitive Methodist Magazine, page172:
      The “token” is simply a small piece of leather with a given number upon it, and as the colliers work in pairs--not at the same time, but in succession, the one man taking the “fore shift,” the other the “back shift,”—each pair has a specific number, and round the “token” cabin are ranged hooks also numbered to correspond with thetokens the colliers take down with them into the mine; every tub laden with coal that comes to bank has in it one of these “tokens,” and the business of token-keeper is to secure these and lodge them upon their corresponding hooks, so that at the end of each shift, or day of labour, the colliers knows how many tubs he has sent “to bank”.
  23. (mining) A thinbed ofcoal indicating the existence of a thickerseam at no great distance.
  24. (rail transport) A physical object used forexchange betweendrivers andsignalmen on single tracklines.
    • 2020 January 2, Graeme Pickering, “Fuelling the changes on Teesside rails”, inRail, page61:
      Although splitting a single-line section into two might seem a simple solution, Williams adds that creating another location where drivers have to get out of the cab and walk to a cabinet to exchangetokens before a train can proceed will further slow down the service: "There must be a better option in the 21st century than putting in an additionaltoken machine."
  25. (weaving) In aloom, a coloredsignal to show theweaver whichshuttle to use.
  26. (Church of Scotland) A piece ofmetal given beforehand to each person in thecongregation who is permitted to partake of theLord's Supper.

Derived terms

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Translations

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something serving as an expression of something else
keepsake or souvenir
piece of stamped metal used as a currency
something given or shown as evidence of good intentions
atomic piece of data
(corpus linguistics) a single example of a certain word in a text or corpussee alsorunning word
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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References

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  1. ^Kroonen, Guus (2011).The Proto-Germanic n-stems: a study in diachronic morphophonology, Rodopi.→ISBN.

Adjective

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token (comparativemoretoken,superlativemosttoken)

  1. Done as anindication or apledge.
  2. Perfunctory ormerelysymbolic; done or existing for appearance's sake, or to minimally comply with a requirement.
    atoken gesture
    He made atoken tap on the brake pedal at the stop sign.
    • 1927, Arthur Robert Burns,Money and Monetary Policy in Early Times, page393:
      If the as had been reduced to a token in 240 BC, it was now a little moretoken than before.
    • 1999 June 30, Fiachra Gibbons, quoting John Calder, “Arts and science ‘damp squib’”, inThe Guardian[1]:
      It sounds verytoken, another damp squib which will probably end up benefiting more bureaucrats than artists or scientists.
    • 2000, Cheris Kramarae, Dale Spender,Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women, page176:
      There are still many churches where the participation of women istoken.
  3. (of people) Included in minimal numbers in order to create an impression orillusion ofdiversity, especially ethnic or gender diversity.
    He was hired as the company'stoken black person.
    The television show was primarily directed toward a black audience, but it did have a fewtoken white people as performers.
    • 1958,Social Problems - Volume 6, page158:
      However, it should be noted that wherever ministers are opposed to mixed churches, the racial admixture istoken.
    • 1993, United States. Federal Communications Commission,FCC Record, page7560:
      It disputed the NAACP's argument that its minority employment wastoken, noting that it employed minorities in six years of its seven-year term and hired Blacks as station manager and news director among its five minority hires for full-time positions.
    • 1995, Christine N. Qunta,Who's Afraid of Affirmative Action, page54:
      Even appointees who knew their positions weretoken would coolly take from the situation whatever benefits they could get.
    • 1996, William G. Tierney, Estela Mara Bensimon,Promotion and Tenure: Community and Socialization in Academe, page96:
      Having been in a university environment that was incredibly hostile to women, coming here seems like heaven. There are a lot of women senior faculty. In the university, there was only one in the department, and she was verytoken.
    • 2000,Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling - Volume 31, page51:
      In the rehabilitation (or any other) work-settings, minority counselors in doubletoken status (e.g., female, black ) or tripletoken status ( female, black, with a disability) may experience more intensetoken effects of have mixed outcomes.
    • 2014, Christopher F. Karpowitz, Tali Mendelberg,The Silent Sex: Gender, Deliberation, and Institutions, page117:
      This perspective thus implies a corollary that addresses the most highly imbalanced gender compositions and that we label astoken.[] Therefore, "token" women's participation and authority will be lower than "token" men's.

Translations

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merely symbolic, for appearance's sake

Verb

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token (third-person singular simple presenttokens,present participletokening,simple past and past participletokened)

  1. Tobetoken,indicate,portend,designate,denote
    • 1398, inHans Kurath & Sherman M. Kuhn, eds.,Middle English Dictionary, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan Press 1962, [[Special:BookSources/978-0-472-01044-8|→ISBN]], page 1242:
      dorrẹ̅,dōrī adj. & n. [] Golden or reddish-yellow [] (a. 1398) *Trev.Barth. 59b/a: ʒelouʒ colour [of urine] [] tokeneþ febleness of hete [] dorrey & citrine & liʒt redtokeneþ mene.
    • 1928,Edmund Blunden,Undertones of War, Penguin, published2010, page149:
      The instinct revolted against the inevitable punishment to come, alreadytokened by those big holes now met in walls and crossings.
    • 2018, Fred Rush, “Wittgenstein and the Craft of Reading: OnReckoning with the Imagination: Wittgenstein and the Aesthetics of Reading by Charles Altieri”, inPhilosophy and Literature, volume42, number 1, pages236–37:
      Kant's theory of productive imagination, Schiller's aesthetics ofSchein, and Hegel's loosening of the determinacy of concepts by means of the process-oriented dialectical model of rationalitytoken a domain of experience in which single objects have significance that is at the same time superabundant and noncategorical.
  2. Tobetroth
  3. (philosophy) Tosymbolize,instantiate
    • 2008 August 27, Mikkel Gerken, “Is There a Simple Argument for Higher-Order Representation Theories of Awareness Consciousness?”, inErkenntnis, volume69, number 2,→DOI:
      In which sense does ‘∀p ~(p & ~p)’ cause thetokening of the belief in the subject?

Derived terms

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References

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromEnglishtoken.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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token m orn (pluraltokens,diminutivetokentje n)

  1. (computing)token, an atomic piece of data

Usage notes

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There is no general agreement about the gender. In the south, people tend to use neuter, whereas in the north, masculine is preferred.

Anagrams

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Indonesian

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IndonesianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaid

Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishtoken.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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token (pluraltoken-token)

  1. token

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Middle English

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Englishtācn, fromProto-Germanic*taikną(sign, token, symbol).

Noun

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token (pluraltokenes)

  1. token(a physical object representing an action, concept, etc.)
  2. omen,portent
  3. token(support for a belief)
  4. prearrangedsignal
  5. token(momento, keepsake)
  6. Aflag,banner,standard associated with a person or event.
  7. model,example
  8. guarantee
  9. (astronomy)celestial body
  10. (astrology)astrological sign
Alternative forms
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Descendants
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References

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Etymology 2

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Noun

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token (uncountable)

  1. (beforeg-)alternative form oftukinge

Etymology 3

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Verb

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token

  1. simplepastplural oftaken
Alternative forms
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Verb

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token

  1. alternative form oftaken:pastparticiple oftaken

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishtoken.Doublet ofcecha andcych.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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token inan

  1. (computing)security token(peripheral device used to gain access to an electronically restricted resource)
    Hypernym:urządzenie

Declension

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Declension oftoken
singularplural
nominativetokentokeny
genitivetokenatokenów
dativetokenowitokenom
accusativetokentokeny
instrumentaltokenemtokenami
locativetokenietokenach
vocativetokenietokeny

Further reading

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  • token inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • token in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Spanish

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Noun

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token m (pluraltókenes)

  1. token

Swedish

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Noun

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token

  1. definitesingular oftok

Anagrams

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