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till

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:'tillandTill

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishtil, fromNorthernOld Englishtil, from or akin toOld Norsetil(“to, till”); both fromProto-Germanic*til(“to, toward”), fromProto-Germanic*tilą(“planned point in time”).[1][2] Not a shortening ofuntil; rather,until comes fromtill with the prefixun-(“against; toward; up to”) also found inunto. Cognate withOld Frisiantil(“to, till”),Danishtil(“to”),Swedishtill(“to, till”),Icelandictil(“to, till”). Also related toOld Englishtil(“good”),GermanZiel(“goal”),Gothic𐍄𐌹𐌻(til,“something fitting or suitable”).

Preposition

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till

  1. Until;to,up to; aslate as (a given time).
    She stayedtill the very end.
    I have to worktill eight o'clock tonight.
    • 1854, Prof. John Wilson,The Genius and Character of Burns,page194:
      Similar sentiments will recur to everyone familiar with his writings all through themtill the very end.
    • 1946 May and June, G. A. Sekon, “L.B.S.C.R. West Coast Section—3”, inRailway Magazine, page148:
      The line was authorised on June 23, 1864, but not openedtill July 11, 1881.
    • 2019 March 14, Ramzy Baroud, “Chasing mirages: What are Palestinians doing to combat ‘Deal of the Century’?”, inMa'an News‎[1], archived fromthe original on30 March 2019:
      While the PA has not always seen eye-to-eye with US foreign policy, its survival remained,till recently, a top American priority.
  2. Before (a certain time or event).
    It's twentytill two. (1:40)
    • 1880, A. T. Fullerton, “Fever”, inLittell's Living Age, volume147, page578:
      Is that the town-clock striking? / I think that it is to-night / My fever will reach its crisis, / There are long hours yettill light.
  3. (obsolete or dialectal)To,up to (physically).
    They led himtill his tent
    • 1599,William Shakespeare (attributed),The Passionate Pilgrim:
      She, poor bird, as all forlorn / Lean'd her breast up-till a thorn / And there sung the dolefull'st ditty, / To to hear it was great pity.
    • 1806, “Lord Wa'Yates and Auld Ingram”, in Robert Jameson, editor,Popular Ballads and Songs, volume 2:
      Andtill the kirk she wadna gae, / nortill't she wadna ride, /Till four-and-twenty men she gat her before, / And twenty on ilka side
    • 1838, “The Outlaw Murray”, inWalter Scott, editor,Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border:
      For a king to gang an outlawtill / Is beneath his state and his dignitie.
  4. (obsolete or dialectal) To,toward (in attitude).
    • 1861, E. J. Guerin,Mountain Charley, page20:
      "Here's at you old hoss!" hiccupped I, with a friendly pitch in the way of a nod at Rice.
      "Go it, young grampus, that's me! Here'still ye, my infant progidy!" replied he, as he clinked his glass against mine.
    • 1902, John Buchan,The Outgoing of the Tide:
      And then she changed her voice and would be as saft as honey: 'My puir wee Ailie, was I thrawntill ye? Never mind, my bonnie. You and me are a' that's left, and we maunna be ill to ither.'
  5. (dialectal) So that (something may happen).
Usage notes
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The prepositiontill isubiquitous ininformalregister in modern English; nonetheless, in formal register it is often replaced withuntil orto, except for in somevarieties, such asIndian English. This predisposition is likely influenced bythe widespread misapprehension thattill is a "corruption" of'til, although it is not. In fact'til itself is also deprecated by some writers because its apostrophe was born of that same misapprehension.

Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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until

Conjunction

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till

  1. Until, until the time that.
    Maybe you can, maybe you can't: you won't knowtill you try.
    • 1611,The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […],→OCLC,Song of Solomon2:7:
      I charge you, O ye daughters of Ierusalem, by the Roes, and by the hindes of the field, that ye stirre not vp, nor awake my loue,till she please.
    • 1846, Edward Lear,The Book of Nonsense:
      She twirled round and round, /Till she sunk underground,[…]
    • 1912, anonymous,Punky Dunk and the Mouse, P.F. Volland & Co.:
      And the Mouse sat and laughedtill he cried.
Synonyms
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Translations
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until

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishtylle(“till”), possibly fromMiddle Englishtillen(“to draw”) fromOld English*tyllan(“to draw, attract”) (as inbetyllan(“to lure, decoy”) andfortyllan(“to draw away”); related to*tollian >Middle Englishtollen). Cognate withAlbanianndjell(“I lure, attract”).

Alternatively,Middle Englishtylle is fromAnglo-Normantylle(“compartment”), fromOld Frenchtille(“compartment, shelter on a ship”), fromOld Norseþilja(“plank”).

Noun

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till (pluraltills)

  1. (chiefly British) Acash register.
  2. Aremovable box within a cash register containing the money.
    Pull all thetills and lock them in the safe.
    When you've finished serving that customer could you jump off please? We need to take thetill.
    • 2023 July 26, Pip Dunn, “Merseyrail '777s' are OK for commuters”, inRAIL, number988, page59:
      That said, and I'll put this down to its newness, the bin lid was a bit snappy, like Arkwright'still (google that if you're a youngster).
  3. Thecontents of a cash register, for example at the beginning or end of the day or of acashier's shift.
    My count of mytill was 30 dollars short.
  4. Acashdrawer in abank, used by ateller.
  5. (obsolete) Atray ordrawer in achest.
Derived terms
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Translations
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cash register
box within a cash register
contents of a cash register

Etymology 3

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FromMiddle Englishtilyen, fromOld Englishtilian.

Verb

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till (third-person singular simple presenttills,present participletilling,simple past and past participletilled)

  1. (transitive) Todevelop so as to improve or prepare for usage; tocultivate (said of knowledge, virtue, mind etc.).
  2. (transitive) Towork orcultivate orplough (soil); to prepare for growing vegetation and crops.
  3. (intransitive) To cultivate soil.
  4. (obsolete) Toprepare; toget.
    • 1614,William Browne,The Shepherd's Pipe:
      Nor knowes a trappe nor snare totill
Quotations
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Translations
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to work or cultivate

Etymology 4

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Unknown, but possibly via etymology 3 (the verb) becausealluvial deposit is used as a fertilizer.

Noun

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

till

  1. glacial drift consisting of a mixture of clay, sand, pebbles and boulders
  2. (dialect)manure or other material used tofertilize land
Derived terms
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Translations
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glacial drift
manure used as fertilizer

Etymology 5

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FromMiddle Englishtylle; shortened fromlentile (Englishlentil).

Noun

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till (pluraltills)

  1. Avetch; atare.

References

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General
Footnotes
  1. ^Kroonen, Guus. 2013. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic
  2. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “till”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.

Anagrams

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Estonian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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EstonianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaet
aedtill

FromMiddle Low Germandille. First attested in 1660.

Noun

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till (genitivetilli,partitivetilli)

  1. dill(Anethum)
Declension
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Declension oftill (ÕS type22e/riik, length gradation)
singularplural
nominativetilltillid
accusativenom.
gen.tilli
genitivetillide
partitivetillitille
tillisid
illativetilli
tillisse		tillidesse
tillesse
inessivetillistillides
tilles
elativetillisttillidest
tillest
allativetilliletillidele
tillele
adessivetilliltillidel
tillel
ablativetillilttillidelt
tillelt
translativetillikstillideks
tilleks
terminativetillinitillideni
essivetillinatillidena
abessivetillitatillideta
comitativetilligatillidega
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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Possibly derived from the same stem seen in many dialectal bird names:tillutaja,tillutis,tilder(“shank (Tringa)”). It's not uncommon for bird names to become euphemistic terms for genitalia, cf.kull(“hawk”),Englishcock.

Another theory suggests this term is ahypocoristic variant of the stem seen intila(“spout”), which in some dialects might have referred to a young boy's genitalia.

Noun

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till (genitivetilli,partitivetilli)

  1. (colloquial)penis
Declension
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Declension oftill (ÕS type22e/riik, length gradation)
singularplural
nominativetilltillid
accusativenom.
gen.tilli
genitivetillide
partitivetillitille
tillisid
illativetilli
tillisse		tillidesse
tillesse
inessivetillistillides
tilles
elativetillisttillidest
tillest
allativetilliletillidele
tillele
adessivetilliltillidel
tillel
ablativetillilttillidelt
tillelt
translativetillikstillideks
tilleks
terminativetillinitillideni
essivetillinatillidena
abessivetillitatillideta
comitativetilligatillidega
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

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till

  1. ding,tinkle(high-pitched sound of a bell)
Derived terms
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References

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  • till inSõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
  • “till”, in[EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation),2009
  • Jüri Viikberg (2016) “till”, in[ASL] Alamsaksa laensõnad eesti keeles [Low German Loanwords in the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online dictionary)

Middle English

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Verb

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till

  1. Alternative form oftillen(“to enthrall”)

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Irishtillid, alteration ofOld Irishfillid (compareIrishfill).[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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till (pastthill,futuretillidh,verbal nountilleadh,past participletillte)

  1. toreturn, come back
  2. torelapse
    Thill ris. ―He has got a relapse.

References

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  1. ^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tillid”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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  • MacLennan, Malcolm (1925)A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Edinburgh: J. Grant,→OCLC

Swedish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Swedishtil, fromOld Norsetil, fromProto-Germanic*til (compare*tilą(“goal”)).

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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till

  1. to
    Välkommentill Sverige! ―Welcometo Sweden!
    Ge dentill mig! ―Give itto me!
    Vi behöver tvåtill fem nya datorer. ―We need twoto five new computers.
  2. for
    en bra TVtill ett bra pris. ―a good TVfor a good price
    en presenttill min syster. ―a presentfor my sister
    pengartill resan ―moneyfor the trip
    Vad vill du hatill middag? ―What do you wantfor dinner?
  3. with
    Jag tar mjölktill mitt kaffe. ―I take milkwith my coffee.
  4. at(the next, timewise)
    Till sommaren ska vi åka på semester till Island.
    This (upcoming) summer, we're going on vacation to Iceland.
  5. of
    en kompistill mig. ―a friendof mine.

Usage notes

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  • Often (more or less subconsciously to native speakers) clipped to "ti" (/tɪ/) in speech. Such clipping is less common for the adverb below, even whentill is not the final word in the sentence, due totill being stressed as an adverb.
  • Earlier,till governed the genitive case. Remains can still be found in certain expressions:

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Adverb

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till

  1. another,more; in addition
    Jag vill ha en/tvåtill
    I wantanother one / twomore
    Jag ska vara här en veckatill
    I'll be herefor another week
  2. Expresses that the action of the verb is sudden and brief, when used with certain verbs. The examples below are for illustration and not comprehensive. Fairly productive for verbs where suddenness and short duration make intuitive sense.
    Hanskrattade ―Helaughed
    Hanskrattade till ―Hechuckled
    Hanhoppade ―Hejumped
    Hanhoppade till ―Heflinched
    Hansomnade ―Hefell asleep
    Hansomnade till ―Henodded off
    Hanslog honom ―Hehit him
    Hanslog till honom ―Hegave hima punch(fairly synonymous, but makes it clear that it's a single punch and sounds a bit more intense)
    Hansyntes ―Hewas visible
    Hansyntes till ―Hewas spotted
  3. Expresses that something is (completely or partially) changed or created through the action of the verb, similar to Englishup. Sometimes more or less redundant like in English, with a similar difference in tone.
    Synonym:(sometimes)för-
    ful ―ugly
    fulatill ―uglyup (uglify)
    fulatill något ―ugly somethingup
    lagatill en måltid ―cookup a meal ("till" skippable, like in English)
    snidatill en träfigur ―carve "up" (in the same sense as for the meal) a wooden figure ("till" skippable)
    trä ―wood
    träatill ―"woodup" (make woodier or the like, as an ad-hoc formation, which usually sound colloquial like in English)
    1. Expresses that the action of the verb brings the target of the verb toward (and usually to) a closed state.
      Synonym:(to a closed state)igen
      Antonym:upp
      knäppatill jackan ―buttonup one's jacket ("till" skippable, like in English)
      täppatill ett hål ―plug (up) a hole
      stängatill dörren
      shut / close (up) the door ("till" skippable – emphasizes the result (that the door becomes shut), similar to "up")
      Grinden står lite öppen. Kan du stängatill den?
      The gate is a bit open. Can you close it? ("till" skippable)
      Stängtill dörren lite! ―Close the door a bit! (leaving it ajar)
  4. (in some phrasal verbs) in(to)existence
    blitill
    comeinto being ("becomeinto existence")
    kommatill
    comeabout ("comeinto existence")
    finnastill
    exist ("bein existence")
  5. to atoward orientation
    vända andra kindentill (idiom)
    turn the other cheek [toward]

Usage notes

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The stress is ontill, which helps disambiguate.

Derived terms

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References

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Wolof

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Noun

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till (definite formtillgi)

  1. jackal

Yola

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Preposition

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till

  1. Alternative form ofdel
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page96:
      To our pleoughès an mulk-pylèstill a neeshte holy die.
      To our ploughs and our milk-pailstill the next holiday.
    • 1867,CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page116, lines14-15:
      till ee zin o'oure daies be var aye be ee-go t'glade.
      until the sun of our lives be gone down the dark valley (of death).

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page96
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