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ti-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "ti"
Languages (14)
Chichewa • Classical Nahuatl • Esperanto • Old Saxon • Phuthi • Pipil • Swazi • Taos • Tooro • Tumbuka • Uneapa • Wailaki • West Makian • Ye'kwana
Page categories

Chichewa

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-

Prefix

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ti-

  1. 1st person plural subject concord,we.

Etymology 2

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-

Prefix

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ti-

  1. Class 13 noun prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning.
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*tʊ́-

Prefix

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ti-

  1. Class 13 subject concord.

Classical Nahuatl

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Alternative forms

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  • t- (before vowels)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ti/ (before consonants)
  • IPA(key): /t/ (before vowels)

Prefix

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ti-

  1. Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person plural:we.
  2. Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is second person singular:you;thou.

Usage notes

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  • If used to denote the (first person) plural, then the prefixed verb should also be suffixed with-h.

Related terms

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Esperanto

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Etymology

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Demonstratives of European languages int, such as English (this,that,there,thus,then), French(tel,tant), Polish(ten), Russian(те,то,так,там,такой,тогда). Note also German(dies,den).

Prefix

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ti-

  1. this-, that-. (Demonstrative correlative prefix.)

Usage notes

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By itself, theti- words do not specify distance, as is the case with Frenchce. However, the absence of the particleĉi, which indicates proximity, may suggest greater distance thanĉi would be used for. That is,tiu ĉi (this one) is equivalent to Frenchcelui-ci, whiletiu (that one) is equivalent to bothcelui andcelui-là. Occasionally the particlefor is used(tiu for) forcelui-là.

Derived terms

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  • tia(“such (a)”)
  • tial(“for that reason,therefore”)
  • tiam(“then”)
  • tie(“that place, there”)
  • tiel(“thus, that way”)
  • ties(“that one's, those ones”)
  • tio(“that (without a noun)”)(pluraltioj(“those”))
  • tiom(“that much”)
  • tiu(“that one, that/those (with a noun)”)(pluraltiuj(“those ones”))

Old Saxon

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Prefix

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ti-

  1. alternative form ofte-

Phuthi

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bantu*jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix*bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

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ti-

  1. Class 8 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

Prefix

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ti-

  1. they;class 8 subject concord.
  2. them;class 8 object concord.
  3. they;class 10 subject concord.
  4. them;class 10 object concord.

Etymology 3

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FromProto-Nguni[Term?].

Prefix

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ti-

  1. Class 10 noun prefix.

Pipil

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ti-

  1. (personal)you, second-person singular subject marker.
    Tetiwelitipanu
    you cannot pass
  2. (personal)we, first-person plural subject marker.
    Tiknekittikwatet
    We want to eat beans

See also

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Pipil verb subject markers
singularplural
1st personni-ti-
2nd personti- (shi-)an- (shi-)
3rd person--

Swazi

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bantu*jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix*bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

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ti-

  1. Class 8 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

Prefix

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ti-

  1. they;class 8 subject concord.
  2. them;class 8 object concord.
  3. they;class 10 subject concord.
  4. them;class 10 object concord.

Taos

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ti-

  1. (transitive) First person singular subject + third person singular object.

Tooro

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Alternative forms

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  • (before vowels)t-

Etymology

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Potential cognate withChichewasi-(“negative prefix”).

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ti-

  1. negative marker

Usage notes

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-ta- is used for negative relative, negative infinitive, negative subjunctive and negative remote past constructions. Other negative constructions useti-.

References

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  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007),A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA),→ISBN, page315

Tumbuka

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-

Prefix

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ti-

  1. 1st person plural subject concord,we.

Uneapa

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Etymology

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From earlier*tina- via haplology from*tina-na >ti-na, fromProto-Oceanic*tina, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*tina, fromProto-Austronesian*ta-ina, from*ina.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ti-

  1. mother

Further reading

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  • Terry Crowley et al,The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366
  • Johnston, R.L. 1982. "Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors.Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic, 59-95.

Wailaki

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Prefix

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ti-

  1. A distributive prefix, indicating that the action of the verb is distributed across multiple objects or locations.

Usage notes

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  • Realized astee- in the perfective

References

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  • Begay, Kayla Rae (2017),Wailaki Grammar, University of California, Berkeley, page187

West Makian

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ti-

  1. first-person singular possessive prefix,my

See also

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West Makian personal pronouns
independentpossessive prefix
1st person singulardeti
2nd person singularnini
3rd person singularmemVan.,dVinan.
1st person pluralinclusiveenenV
exclusiveimimi
2nd person pluralinifi
3rd person pluralemedi

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun,
following standardWest Makian vowel harmony.

References

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  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982),The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[2], Pacific linguistics

Ye'kwana

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ti-

  1. Allomorph oft- used for stems that begin with a consonant other thanw and have a first voweli.

Inflection

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Ye'kwana personal markers
pronounnoun possessor/
series II verb argument		postposition objectseries I verb argument
transitive patientintransitive patient-likeintransitive agent-liketransitive agent
first personewüy-,∅-,ü-,u-1w-,wi-
first person dual inclusiveküwük-,kü-,ku-,ki-k-,kii-,ki-1
second personamödöö-,öy-/ödh-,o-,oy-/odh-,a-,ay-/adh-m-,mi-
first person dual exclusivenñay-/dh-,ch-,∅-,i-1chö-∅-n-,ni-
third persontüwün-,ni-
distant past third person—kün-,kun-,kin-,ken-,küm-,kum-,kim-,kini-
coreferential/reflexive—t-,tü-,tu-,ti-,te-—
reciprocal——öö-
  1. With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second personmön-,man-,mon-,möm-,möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first personk-,kü-,ku-,ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third personsee person X in the chart above
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