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thorn

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Thornandþorn

English

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thorns ofCarissa macrocarpa (sense 1)
upper- and lower-case versions of the thorn character (sense 5)

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishthorn,þorn, fromOld Englishþorn, fromProto-West Germanic*þorn, fromProto-Germanic*þurnaz, fromProto-Indo-European*tr̥nós, from*(s)ter-(“stiff”).

Cognates

Near cognates includeWest Frisiantoarn,Low GermanDoorn,Dutchdoorn,GermanDorn,Danish andNorwegiantorn,Swedishtorn,törne,Gothic𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃(þaurnus). Further cognates includeOld Church Slavonicтрънъ(trŭnŭ,“thorn”),Russianтёрн(tjorn),Polishcierń,Kamkata-viritaňi,tai(“thorn”),Sanskritतृण(tṛ́ṇa,“grass”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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thorn (pluralthorns)

  1. (botany) A modified branch that is hard and sharp like a spike.
  2. Any thorn-like structure on plants, such as thespine and theprickle.
  3. Anyshrub or smalltree that bearsthorns, especially ahawthorn.
    the whitethorn
    the cockspurthorn
  4. (figurative) That whichpricks orannoys; anything troublesome.
  5. A letter ofLatin script (capital:Þ,small:þ), borrowed from thefuthark; today used only in Icelandic to represent the voiceless dental fricative, but originally used in several early Germanic scripts, includingOld English where it represented the dental fricatives that are today writtenth (Old English did not havephonemicvoicing distinctions forfricatives).
    • 1985,Robert Burchfield,The English Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page175:
      In Old English manuscriptsthorn and eth did not have different phonetic values but were used positionally[.]
    • See also Etymology ofye (definite article).

Derived terms

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Translations

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sharp protective structure of a plant
any shrub or small tree that bears thorns
figuratively: that which pricks
letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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thorn (third-person singular simple presentthorns,present participlethorning,simple past and past participlethorned)

  1. Topierce with, or as if with, athorn (sharp pointed object).
    • 1869,Harriet Beecher Stowe,Old Town Folks‎[1]:
      […] human nature is, above all things, lazy, and needs to bethorned and goaded up those heights where it ought to fly.
    • 2003, Scott D. Zachary,Scorn This,page175:
      Even Judge Bradley's callused sentiments were thorned by the narration of Jaclyn's journals.

Translations

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to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn

See also

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Englishþorn, fromProto-West Germanic*þorn, fromProto-Germanic*þurnaz, fromProto-Indo-European*tr̥nós.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /θɔrn/,/θoːrn/,/θrɔn/

Noun

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thorn (pluralthornes)

  1. Athorn(spine on a plant with a sharp point)
  2. Thorn oreth(the letterþ and/orð)
  3. Aplant having thorns, especially thehawthorn orrosebush.
  4. (rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning.
  5. (rare) A dish incorporatinghawthorn.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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Old Dutch

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*þurnu,*þorn fromProto-Germanic*þurnuz,*þurnaz.

Noun

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thorn m

  1. thorn,spine of aplant

Inflection

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Declension ofthorn (masculine u-stem noun)
casesingularplural
nominativethornthurni
accusativethornthurni
genitivethurnisthorno
dativethurnithornon
Declension ofthorn (masculine a-stem noun)
casesingularplural
nominativethornthorna
accusativethornthorna
genitivethornesthorno
dativethornethornon

Descendants

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References

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  • “thorn”, inOudnederlands Woordenboek,2012

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*þornu(“thorn, sloe”).

Cognates

Germanic cognates includeOld Englishþorn (Englishthorn),Dutchdoorn,Old High Germanthorn (GermanDorn),Old Norseþorn (Swedishtörne),Gothic𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃(þaurnus). The Indo-European root is also the source ofOld Church Slavonicтрънъ(trŭnŭ) (Russianтёрн(tjorn,“sloe, blackthorn”)),Sanskritतृण(tṛṇa,“grass”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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thorn m

  1. thorn; thorny bush

Declension

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thorn (masculine a-stem)
singularplural
nominativethornthornos
accusativethornthornos
genitivethornesthornō
dativethornethornum
instrumental——

Descendants

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