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therefore

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishtherfore,therfor,tharfore,thorfore; synchronically auniverbation ofthere(pronominal adverb) +‎for, literally“for that (reason)”. The spelling has been changed due to a reanalysis asthere +fore(literally“forward from that;thence”). See alsotherefor, ultimately the same formation.

CompareSaterland Frisiandeerfoar,Dutchdaarvoor,Germandafür,Danish andNorwegianderfor,Swedishdärför.

Pronunciation

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(Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key): /ˈðɛə.fɔː/
(General American)enPR:thârʹfôr,IPA^(key): /ˈðɛɹ.fɔɹ/
IPA^(key): (obsolete)/ˈðɜːɹˌfɔːɹ/^[1]
Audio(US): (file)
Hyphenation:there‧fore
Rhymes:-ɛə(ɹ)fɔː(ɹ)

Adverb

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therefore (notcomparable)

(conjunctive)Consequently, by or in consequence of that or thiscause; referring to something previously stated.
Traditional values will always have a place—therefore, they will never lose relevance.
I've been explicitly forbidden to leave andtherefore must stay longer.
I left the office at 5 o'clock. I wastherefore not there when the fire started a quarter of an hour later.
- 1611,The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […],→OCLC,Luke 14:20:
  I have married a wife, andtherefore I can not come.
- 1637,René Descartes,Discourse on the Method:
  Je pense, donc je suis (I think,therefore I am)
- 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter I, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:
  In the old days, to my commonplace and unobserving mind, he gave no evidences of genius whatsoever. He never read me any of his manuscripts, […], andtherefore my lack of detection of his promise may in some degree be pardoned.
- 2012 March-April,Terrence J. Sejnowski, “Well-connected Brains”, inAmerican Scientist, volume100, number 2, page171:
  Creating a complete map of the human connectome wouldtherefore be a monumental milestone but not the end of the journey to understanding how our brains work.
- 1753,The Spectator, number642:
  He blushes;therefore he is innocent.
(conjunctive, archaic) for that; for it (in reference to a previous statement)
- 1611,The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […],→OCLC,Matthew 19:27:
  Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed thee; what shall we havetherefore?

consequently; by consequence—see alsoconsequently

Arabic:إِذَنْ (ar)(ʔiḏan),لِذٰلِكَ(liḏālika)
Moroccan Arabic:إدا /إدن(ʔidan),داك الشي علاش(dāk eš-šī ʕlāš)
South Levantine Arabic:عشان هيك(ʕašān hēk)
Armenian:հետևաբար (hy)(hetewabar),ուստի (hy)(usti)
Azerbaijani:ona görə də,buna görə də,beləliklə
Bashkir:шуға күрә(şuğa kürə),шуның өсөн(şunıñ ösön)
Bulgarian:следователно (bg)(sledovatelno)
Chinese:
Mandarin:所以 (zh)(suǒyǐ),因此 (zh)(yīncǐ)
Czech:proto (cs),tudíž (cs)
Danish:derfor (da)
Dutch:daarom (nl),bijgevolg (nl)(formal),daardoor (nl)(beginning of sentence),waardoor (nl)(not in beginning of sentence)
Esperanto:do (eo)
Finnish:joten (fi),siten (fi)
French:par conséquent (fr),en conséquence (fr),donc (fr)
Georgian:შესაბამისად(šesabamisad)
German:deswegen (de),deshalb (de),darum (de)
Greek:επομένως (el)(epoménos),οπότε (el)(opóte),άρα (el)(ára)
Ancient:διό(dió)
Hungarian:következésképpen (hu),tehát (hu)
Icelandic:þess vegna (is),þar af leiðir,þar af leiðandi
Italian:dunque (it)
Japanese:従って (ja)(したがって, shitagatte)
Kazakh:сондықтан(sondyqtan)
Lao:please add this translation if you can
Latin:igitur
Lutuv:caacuonakawta
Malay:jadi (ms)
Malayalam:അതുകൊണ്ട്(atukoṇṭŭ)
Maltese:għaldaqstant
Maori:nā reira(refers to past events),mā reira(for future events)
Marathi:त्याअर्थी(tyāarthī)
Norwegian:
Bokmål:følgelig,således
Nynorsk:soleis
Pashto:نو (ps)(no)
Polish:więc (pl)
Portuguese:portanto (pt),consequentemente (pt)
Romanian:deci (ro),așadar (ro),prin urmare
Russian:сле́довательно (ru)(slédovatelʹno),(somewhat)зато́ (ru)(zató)
Sanskrit:तस्मात् (sa)(tasmāt)
Slovak:teda,takže
Spanish:por eso (es),por consiguiente (es),por lo tanto (es),por ende (es),ergo (es),ansí que(rural),por tanto (es),conque (es),por ello,por cuanto,ansina es que(rural),por aqueso(poetic),onde (es)(disused)
Swedish:därför (sv)
Tagalog:ergo,kaya (tl)
Thai:จึง (th)(jʉng)
Turkish:bu yüzden,bundan dolayı,o yüzden
Ukrainian:о́тже(ótže)
West Frisian:dêrom
Yiddish:דערפֿאַר(derfar)

for that or this reason

Arabic:لِذٰلِكَ(liḏālika),لِهٰذَا(lihāḏā)
South Levantine Arabic:عشان هيك(ʕašān hēk)
Armenian:ուրեմն (hy)(uremn),ուստի (hy)(usti)
Asturian:poro,por eso
Azerbaijani:ona görə,buna görə
Bashkir:шуға күрә(şuğa kürə),шуның өсөн(şunıñ ösön)
Belarusian:таму́(tamú)
Bulgarian:затова́ (bg)(zatová)
Burmese:ထို့ကြောင့် (my)(htui.kraung.)
Catalan:per tant (ca),per això
Chinese:
Mandarin:所以 (zh)(suǒyǐ),因此 (zh)(yīncǐ)
Czech:proto (cs)
Dalmatian:duanc
Danish:derfor (da)
Dutch:daarom (nl),daarvoor (nl)
Esperanto:tial (eo),tial ĉi,ĉi tial,pro kio
Estonian:sellepärast (et),seetõttu (et)
Finnish:siksi (fi),sen vuoksi,sen takia,joten (fi)
French:donc (fr),pour ça,en conséquence (fr)
Georgian:მაშასადამე(mašasadame)
German:also (de) (folglich),daher (de),(archaic, literary)sonach (de),darum (de),(literary)demnach (de),demzufolge (de),deshalb (de),deswegen (de),mithin (de),somit (de)
Greek:επομένως (el)(epoménos)
Ancient:οὖν(oûn),τοίνυν(toínun)
Guaraní:upévare
Hebrew:אָז (he)(az),עַל כֵּן (he),לְפִיכָךְ,לָכֵן (he)(lachen)
Hindi:इसलिए(islie),इसलिये(isliye)
Hungarian:azért (hu),ezért (hu),emiatt (hu)
Irish:dá bhrí sin
Italian:quindi (it),dunque (it),perciò (it),pertanto (it)
Japanese:それ故に(それゆえに, soreyue ni),故に (ja)(ゆえに, yue ni),ですから(desu kara),従って (ja)(したがって, shitagatte)
Kazakh:сондықтан(sondyqtan),сол үшін(sol üşın)
Khmer:អញ្ចឹង(ʼɑñcəng)
Korean:따라서 (ko)(ttaraseo),그래서 (ko)(geuraeseo),그러므로 (ko)(geureomeuro)
Lao:ດັ່ງນັ້ນ(dang nan),ແລ້ວຈືງ(lǣu chư̄ng)
Latin:ergō (la),igitur,itaque (la),autem (la),propterea
Macedonian:затоа(zatoa)
Malay:jadi (ms)
Maori:nā reira(refers to past events),mā reira(for future events)
Navajo:háálá,éí biniinaa
Norwegian:
Bokmål:derfor (no)
Nynorsk:difor,derfor
Ojibwe:nindawaa
Pashto:ځکه(źëka)
Persian:بدلیل آن(be-dalil-e ân)
Polish:więc (pl),zatem (pl),dlatego (pl),przeto (pl),tak że,toteż (pl)
Portuguese:portanto (pt),assim sendo,por isto,logo (pt),por isso (pt)
Romanian:deci (ro),așadar (ro),prin urmare
Romansch:perquai
Russian:поэ́тому (ru)(poétomu),потому́ (ru)(potomú),посему́ (ru)(posemú)(dated or poetic)
Sanskrit:यथा (sa)(yathā)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic:дакле,стога,зато
Roman:dakle (sh),stoga (sh),zato (sh)
Slovak:preto
Slovene:zato
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian:togodla
Spanish:por eso (es),por consiguiente (es),por lo tanto (es),por ende (es)
Swedish:därför (sv)
Tagalog:ergo
Telugu:అందుకే(andukē),కాబట్టి (te)(kābaṭṭi),అందుచేత (te)(anducēta),కనుక (te)(kanuka)
Thai:ดังนั้น (th)(dang-nán),แล้วจึง(lɛ́ɛo-jʉng)
Turkish:(obsolete)binaenaleyh (tr),bu nedenle,bu sebeple,bu yüzden,o yüzden,bundan dolayı,dolayısıyla (tr)
Ukrainian:тому́ (uk)(tomú),зати́м(zatým)
Urdu:اس لئے(is li'e)
Uzbek:shuning uchun
Vietnamese:bởi vậy,cho nên (朱𢧚),vì thế (vi) (為勢)
West Frisian:dêrom
Yiddish:דערפֿאַר(derfar)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Crimean Tatar:^{(pleaseverify)}ayse
Georgian:^{(pleaseverify)}ამიტომ(amiṭom)
Ido:^{(pleaseverify)}do (io)
Italian:^{(pleaseverify)}dunque (it),^{(pleaseverify)}quindi (it),^{(pleaseverify)}per questo
Korean:^{(pleaseverify)}그러므로 (ko)(geureomeuro)
Old English:^{(pleaseverify)}þæs,^{(pleaseverify)}þȳ
Swahili:^{(pleaseverify)}kwa hiyo
Volapük:^{(pleaseverify)}klu (vo)

Pronominal adverbs

																																																															about	abouts	above	across	after	afters	again	against	along	among	amongst	anent¹	around	as	at	away	beit	before	beside	between	beyond	by	ever	for	fore	forth	forward	forwards	from	hence	in above	in after	in before	in below	in elsewhere	in soever	into	in under	mid²	of	on	out	over	so	soever	somedever³	somever³	through	throughout	to	tofore	unto	up	upon	ward	wards	-wise	with	withal	within	without
																																																														hence	—	—	—	—	henceafter	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	henceforth	henceforward	henceforwards	hencefrom	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														here	hereabout	hereabouts	hereabove	—	hereafter	hereafters	—	hereagainst	—	hereamong		hereanent	—	—	hereat	hereaway	—	herebefore	—	—	—	hereby	—	herefor	herefore	hereforth	hereforward	hereforwards	herefrom	herehence	hereinabove	hereinafter	hereinbefore	hereinbelow	hereinelsewhere	hereinsoever	hereinto	hereinunder	heremid	hereof	hereon	hereout	hereover	—	—	—	—	herethrough	herethroughout	hereto	heretofore	hereunto	—	hereupon	—	—	—	herewith	herewithal	herewithin	herewithout
																																																														hither	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	hitherto	—	hitherunto	—	—	hitherward	hitherwards	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														how	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	howbeit	—	—	—	—	—	however	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	howso	howsoever	howsomedever	howsomever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														that	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thataway	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thatwise	—	—	—	—
																																																														thence	—	—	—	—	thenceafter	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thenceforth	thenceforward	thenceforwards	thencefrom	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thenceout	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														there	thereabout	thereabouts	thereabove	thereacross	thereafter	thereafters	thereagain	thereagainst	therealong	thereamong	thereamongst	thereanent	therearound	—	thereat	thereaway	—	therebefore	therebeside	therebetween	therebeyond	thereby	therever	therefor	therefore	thereforth	—	—	therefrom	therehence	thereinabove	thereinafter	thereinbefore	thereinbelow	—	—	thereinto	thereinunder	theremid	thereof	thereon	thereout	thereover	—	theresoever	—	—	therethrough	therethroughout	thereto	theretofore	thereunto	thereup	thereupon	—	—	—	therewith	therewithal	therewithin	therewithout
																																																														this	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thisaway	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thiswise	—	—	—	—
																																																														thither	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thitherinsoever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	thitherto	—	—	—	—	thitherward	thitherwards	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														what	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whatever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whatso	whatsoever	whatsomedever	whatsomever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whatwise	—	—	—	—
																																																														when	whenabout	whenabouts	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenas	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenso	whensoever	—	whensomever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														whence	—	—	—	—	whenceafter	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whencever	—	—	whenceforth	whenceforward	—	whencefrom	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whenceward	whencewards	—	—	—	—	—
																																																														where	whereabout	whereabouts	whereabove	—	whereafter	whereafters	—	whereagainst	wherealong	whereamong	whereamongst	whereanent	wherearound	whereas	whereat	whereaway	—	wherebefore	wherebeside	wherebetween	wherebeyond	whereby	wherever	wherefor	wherefore	whereforth	—	—	wherefrom	wherehence	whereinabove	whereinafter	whereinbefore	whereinbelow	—	whereinsoever	whereinto	whereinunder	wheremid	whereof	whereon	whereout	whereover	whereso	wheresoever	—	wheresomever	wherethrough	wherethroughout	whereto	wheretofore	whereunto	whereup	whereupon	—	—	—	wherewith	wherewithal	wherewithin	wherewithout
whither	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whitherever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whitherinsoever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whitherso	—	—	—	—	—	whitherto	whithertofore	—	—	—	whitherward	whitherwards	—	—	—	—	—
why	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whyever	whyfor	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	whyso	whysoever	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1.Scottish 2. fromMiddle Englishmid 3. old dialectal form