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than

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "than"

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishthan,thanne, fromOld Englishþanne, a variant ofþonne(“then, since, because”), fromProto-West Germanic*þan, fromProto-Germanic*þan(“at that, at that time, then”), from earlier*þam, fromProto-Indo-European*tóm, accusative masculine of*só(“demonstrative pronoun, that”).

Cognate withDutchdan(“than”),Germandenn(“than”),Germandann(“then”). Doublet ofthen.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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than

  1. Used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison.
    • 2013 July 20, “Old Soldiers?”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8845:
      Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlikethan his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine. The machine gun is so much more lethalthan the bow and arrow that comparisons are meaningless.
    The artist worried morethan was necessary: there were a lot of people at the exhibition, morethan came last year.
    • 1665, Edward Stillingfleet, William Laud, Thomas Carwell,A Rational Account of the Grounds of Protestant Religion:
      Answer me if you can, any other way,than because the Scriptures, which are infallible, Say so.
    she's tallerthan I am;  she found his advice more wittythan helpful;  we have less work todaythan we had yesterday;  We had no (other) choicethan to return home;  I love you morethan (what) she does, but lessthan he, orthan I do your sisters.
    Profits were higherthan forecast.
    City dwellers have a higher cancer ratethan do countrymen. Apparently, they drink morethan is good for 'em.
  2. (obsolete outside dialects, usually used withfor)Because;for.
    • 1854, Reformation series:
      If thou say yes, then puttest thou on Christ (that is, the wisdome of God, the Father) unkunning, unpower, or euil will: forthan he could not make his rule so good as an other did his.
    • 1668, William Lawson,A Way to Get Wealth:
      You shall also take the fine earth or mould which is found in the hollow of old Willow trees, rising from the root almost to the middle of the Tree, at least so far as the tree is hollow, forthan this, there is no earth or mould finer or richer.

Preposition

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than

  1. Introduces a comparison, and is associated withcomparatives, and with words such asmore,less, andfewer. Typically, it seeks to measure the force of anadjective or similar description between twopredicates.
    Patients diagnosed more recently are probably surviving an average of longerthan two years.
    No player is more skillfulthan Greg.

Usage notes

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Usage prescriptivists have a number of rules concerningthan. According to them,than is not a preposition to govern theoblique case (although it has been used so by such writers asWilliam Shakespeare, whose 1600 playJulius Caesar contains the lineA man no mightier than thyself or me. . ., andSamuel Johnson, who wroteNo man had ever more discernment than him, in finding out the ridiculous.).Than functions as both conjunction and preposition; when it is used as a conjunction, it governs thenominative case, and as a preposition, theoblique case. To determine thecase of a pronoun following "than", a writer can look to implied words and determine how they would relate to the pronoun.

Examples:

  • You are a better swimmer than she.
    • representsYou are a better swimmer than she is.
    • thereforeYou are a better swimmer than her [is], according to such prescriptivists, is asolecism.
  • They like him more than me.
    • representsThey like him more than they like me.
    • thereforeThey like him more than I is a solecism, if it attempts to represent the previous sentence. It may be correct, however, if it representsThey like him more than I like him.

Some prescriptivists insist thatwhom (and notwho) must followthan, although, according to the above rule,who would be the "correct" form in the first example. Critics of this often cite this misguided and occasionally mandatory rule as evidence that the overall prescriptivist rule is logically erroneous, in addition to the latter's being inconsistent with well-established modern and historical usage.

Translations

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Introduces a comparison

Adverb

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than (notcomparable)

  1. (now chiefly dialectal or a misspelling) At that time;then.

Anagrams

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Bih

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Chamic*dhaːn, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*daqan(“branch, bough”).

Noun

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than

  1. branch

Cornish

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Noun

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than

  1. aspirate mutation oftan

Haroi

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Chamic*dhaːn, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*daqan(“branch, bough”).

Noun

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than

  1. branch

Jarai

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Chamic*dhaːn, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*daqan(“branch, bough”).

Noun

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than

  1. branch

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishþonne.

Conjunction

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than

  1. than

Descendants

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Adverb

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than

  1. then
    • 14th Century,Chaucer,General Prologue
      And whan that he wel dronken hadde the wyn,
      Than wolde he speke no word but Latyn.
      And when he had drunk all the wine
      He would not speak a word other than Latin

Descendants

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Old Dutch

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*þan

Adverb

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than

  1. then

References

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Old High German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*þan

Adverb

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than

  1. then,there,when,at that time

Conjunction

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than

  1. fromthere,therefore,if,because,after
  2. than, (comparative)

References

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  • Braune, Wilhelm. Althochdeutsches Lesebuch, zusammengestellt und mit Glossar versehen

Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading ofChinese炭(“coal”,SV:thán).

Noun

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than• (炭,炮)

  1. coal
    than củi ―charcoal
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading ofChinese嘆(SV:thán).

Verb

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than

  1. tocomplain
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Welsh

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Preposition

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than

  1. aspirate mutation oftan

Mutation

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Mutated forms oftan
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
tandannhanthan

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Yola

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishthan, fromOld Englishþonne.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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than

  1. then
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page86:
      Zitch vezzeen, tarvizzeen, 'tellthan w'ne'er zey.
      Such driving, and struggling, 'tillthen we ne'er saw.
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page86:
      Than caame ee shullereen, ee teap an corkite;
      Then came the shouldering, tossing, and tumbling;
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number12, page88:
      Than stalket, an gandelt, wie o! an gridane.
      Then stalked and wondered, with oh! and with grief.

Preposition

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than

  1. than
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page96:
      An neeat wooden trenshoorès var whiterthan snow.
      And neat wooden trenchers far whiterthan snow.

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page86 & 96
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