Liketen,ter occurs mostly in fixed idiomatic expressions, whilevoor andin (+de/het) are the standard. With feminine nouns ending in -ing, -te, -heid, etc., it still enjoys limited productivity:
ter wikifiëring ―intended to be wikified (literally, “for the wikification”)
Murmurai murmuradores / non fartaivos de murmurar / que an'que vos salten os ollos /teño de rir e cantar(folk song)
Let's gossip, you gossipers / Never get tired of gossiping / 'cause even if your eyes pop out / Iought to laugh and sing.
1707, Salvador Francisco Roel,Entremés ao real e feliz parto da nosa raíña:
Afonso: E como està o afillado? Christobo: Esse jà quer ir a Escola, pero porque non tèn sayo està decote na Eyra para escorrentar o Gando. Afonso: Pois esso non e ben feyto, porque e vivo coma vn allo, fino coma vnha pimenta, e se quer ser Lecenceado an que venda os bois do jugo lleteño de dar estado.
Afonso: How is doing my godchild? Christobo: He already want to go to school, but since he has no robe is all the time in the field to drive away the livestock. Afonso: But this is not correct, because he is smart as a whip, acute as a pepper grain, and if he wants to be a bachelor, even if I have to sell the yoke oxen, Iought to give him estate.
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “teer”, inCorpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
‘ter voluī prōmittere opem,ter lingua retenta est: īra Iovis magnī causa timōris erat’
“Thrice I wanted to promise help,thrice [my] tongue was stayed: the anger of mighty Jupiter was the reason for [my] fear.” (The poetic voice is that ofFlora.)
Stant ārae circum, et crīnēs effūsa sacerdōs ter centum tonat ōre deōs, Erebumque Chaosque, tergeminamque Hecatēn, tria virginis ōra Diānae.
Altars are standing all around [the pyre], and the priestess — with her hair flowing — thunders from her lipsthrice a hundred gods’ [names]:Erebus andChaos, triformHecate, [and] the three faces of virginDiana. (The priestess who invokes “ter centum” deities may be calling three hundred gods, 100 gods three times, or “hundreds of” or “a great many,” and some of the named gods have tri-part symbolism. Threes have special significance in myth, folklore and ritual; see: Lease, Emory B.,The Number Three, Mysterious, Mystic, Magic. Classical Philology, Jan., 1919, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 56-73.)
Perhaps cognate toLithuanian andLatviante(“here!, here you are!”),[1][2] or to the relatedLithuanian prefixte-,[1][3] which can either express thehortative mood — as intedirba, "may he work" — or, more pertinently, the meaning "only" — as inteturiu, "I have only". Possibly more distantly related toRussianтепе́рь(tepérʹ,“now”)[1][2] and toAncient Greekτῆ(tê,“here!”).[4]
Alternatively, the Prussian morpheme-er- may be functionally equivalent toLatvian-ik-,Lithuanian-ik-,-iek-. For example,er(“until”) parallelsLithuanianiki,ik, anderains(“everyone”) parallelsLatvianikviens. Under this hypothesis,ter would be composed oft-(demonstrative prefix) +-er(suffix denoting extent), and thus be equivalent toLithuaniantik(“only”) ortiek(“that much”).[5][6]
In the Old Prussian corpus, this only occurs one time outside of the combinationter ains; see the quotation above. In the original German text of the Catechism, the worddenn(“than”) was used:
vnnd das jhm nicht anders geholffen werden moͤge /denn das es durch die Tauffe auß Gott Newgeboren
and that he may not be helped in any other way /than that he was born new through baptism out of God
Accordingly, Nesselmann glossester asals(“than”),[7] which has displaceddenn in this sense in modern German. However, there are good reasons to think that it may literally mean "only", discussed in the etymology above, and this is the meaning assumed by Fraenkel,[1] Endzelīns,[3] and Mažiulis.[8][9] Schmalstieg mentions both potential meanings.[2]
↑1.01.11.21.3Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) “tè”, inLitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume II, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,page1071
^Daniel Petit (2015) “On distributive pronouns in the Baltic languages”, inBaltic Linguistics[1], volume 6,→ISSN
^G. H. F. Nesselmann (1873) “ter”, inThesaurus linguae prussicae. Der preussische Vocabelvorrath[...] (in German), Berlin: Ferd. Dümmlers Verlagsbuchhandlung; Harrwitz & Gossmann,page187
Please seeModule:checkparams for help with this warning.Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “ter”, inPrūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian][2] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
^Vytautas Mažiulis (1981)Prūsų kalbos paminklai [Prussian-language monuments] (in Lithuanian), volume 2, Vilnius: Mokslas,page221
Naquela manhã levantara-se ainda um pouco mais lânguido que do costume, porque passara mal a noite. A velha Isabel, que lhe ficava ao lado esquerdo, ouvindo-o suspirar com insistência, perguntou-lhe o quetinha.
That morning he had gotten up a little more sluggish than usual, because he had been ill all night. The old woman Isabel, who was standing next to him on the left, heard him sighing insistently and asked him what hehad.
(transitive)indicates that the subject has an event (the object) scheduled
1970, Léo Canhoto, Robertinho, “Rock Bravo Chegou Para Matar”, inRock Bravo Chegou para Matar:
Amanhã no seu enterroterá muitas flores!
Tomorrow at your funeralthere will be many flowers!
2014 [2006], Camila Kintzel, transl.,Quebrada em grande estilo[…], São Paulo: Gutemberg, translation ofBitter is the New Black[…] by Jen Lancaster,→ISBN,page274:
O mercado da esquina era nojento.Tinha gente de pé do lado de fora comendo manga e jogando os caroços no chão.
The corner market was disgusting.There were people standing outside eating mangoes and throwing their stones on the ground.
For verbs that have both short and longpast participles — for example,morrer(“to die”), whose short past participle ismorto and long one ismorrido — whenter is used as anauxiliary verb, the long one is generally used (likehaver, and unlikeser andestar). However, for some verbs, short past participles are more common than long ones (e.g.aceito,eleito,gasto,ganho,pego, andsalvo).[1][2]
