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t'

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:ť,,andAppendix:Variations of "t"

English

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [t̚],[ʔ],[ː] prolongation of previous sound, or silent (with pause)

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishthat, fromOld Englishþæt(the, that,neuter definite article and relative pronoun).

Article

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t’

  1. Northern England form ofthe(most characteristic of Yorkshire, but also found in areas of Lancashire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire)
    1. (Yorkshire)Short forthe (mostly in speech).
      • 1957 May, Neil Caplan, “Railways in English Fiction”, inRailway Magazine, page350:
        Tunnels often feature in fictional journeys, so I will end with quotations from a fairly recent novel, Howard Spring's "Fame is the Spur", published in 1940, in which there is a journey from Manchester to Bradfordvia the Calder Valley route: "Ay, we're going through Todmorden. We'll soon be int' tunnel, and when we get tot' other end we'll be in Yorkshire," and "Ah think this ist' filthiest tunnel int' world."
Usage notes
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  • Before a vowel,t’ is usually written and pronounced as if appended to the following word.
    • InHe can't make up his mind if he wants one or t’other (= He can't make up his mind if he wants one or the other)t’other is pronounced[ˈtʊðə] as if spelledtother. Sometimes, especially after a consonant, it is pronounced as a glottal stop as below.
  • Before a consonant,t’ is pronounced as a glottal stop following the preceding word.
    • InI’m going down t’ road to see me mam ( = I’m going down the road to see my mother),down t’ is pronounced[daʊnʔ] asdown followed by a glottal stop.
  • t’ is sometimes not pronounced at all, having no glottal stop, resulting in a slight pause or lengthening of the preceding sound.
    • This still remains distinct from the form without a definite article: comparein t’ woods[ɪnː ˈwʊdz] within woods[ɪn ˈwʊdz].
  • Speakers to whom the usage is not native sometimes pronounce it[tʰ] or[tʰə], either deliberately in mockery or unconsciously in ignorance. However,t is said when it is used forto the.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Contraction.

Preposition

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t'

  1. Apocopic form ofto.
    • 1690,Thomas d'Urfey, “Canto III”, inCollin's Walk Through London and Westminster: A Poem in Burlesque[1], London: [] Rich. Parker [],page105:
      But more particulary that, / Where Lady was to wear a Hat; / And lay the Enſigns of their pride; / Their Silken Ornaments aſide; / Which would have been a wholſome Act, /T' encourage Woolen Manufact;[]
    • 2016, Jane Redd, chapter 33, inSolstice,[Lehi, Ut.]: Mirror Press,→ISBN,page257:
      Who wantst’ know?

Catalan

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Pronoun

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t'

  1. contraction ofet

Usage notes

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  • t' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with avowel.
    T'estimo.I loveyou.

Declension

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Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subjectweak (direct object)weak (indirect object)possessive
procliticencliticprocliticenclitic
singular1st
person
standardjo,mi3em,m’-me,’mem,m’-me,’mmeu
majestic1nósens-nos,’nsens-nos,’nsnostre
2nd
person
standardtuet,t’-te,’tet,t’-te,’tteu
formal1vósus-vos,-usus-vos,-usvostre
very formal2vostèel,l’-lo,’lli-liseu
3rd
person
mellel,l’-lo,’lli-liseu
fellala,l’4-lali-liseu
nho-holi-liseu
plural
1st personnosaltresens-nos,’nsens-nos,’nsnostre
2nd
person
standardvosaltresus-vos,-usus-vos,-usvostre
formal2vostèsels-los,’lsels-los,’lsseu
3rd
person
mellsels-los,’lsels-los,’lsseu
fellesles-lesels-los,’lsseu
3rd person reflexivesies,s’-se,’ses,s’-se,’sseu
adverbialablative/genitiveen,n’-ne,’n
locativehi-hi

1 Behaves grammatically as plural.  2 Behaves grammatically as third person.
3 Only as object of a preposition.  4 Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Franco-Provençal

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Pronoun

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t'

  1. apocopic form ofte
  2. apocopic form of

French

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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t'

  1. elided form ofte
    Jet’ai vu.
    I sawyou.
  2. (colloquial)elided form oftu
    T’as vu mon frère ?
    Haveyou seen my brother?

Related terms

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French personal pronouns
numberpersongendernominative
(subject)
accusative
(direct complement)
dative
(indirect complement)
locative
(at)
genitive
(of)
disjunctive
(tonic)1
emphatic
reflexive
singularfirstje,j’me,m’moimoi-même
secondtute,t’toitoi-même
thirdmasculineil2le,l’luiyenluilui-même
feminineellela,l’elleelle-même
indeterminateon3,l’on (formal),ce4,c’,ça
reflexivese,s’5soisoi-même
pluralfirstnousnousnousnous-mêmes
second6vousvousvousvous-mêmes,
vous-même6
thirdmasculineils7lesleuryeneux7eux-mêmes7
feminineelleselleselles-mêmes

1 The disjunctive (tonic) forms are also used after an explicit preposition (de/d’,à,pour,chez,dans,vers,sur,sous, ...), instead the accusative, dative, genitive, locative, or reflexive forms, where a preposition is implied.
2Il is also used as an impersonal nominative-only pronoun.
3On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms).
4 The nominal indeterminate formce (demonstrative) can also be used with the auxiliary verbêtre as a plural, instead of the proximal or distal gendered forms.
5 The reflexive third person singular forms (se ors’) for accusative or dative are also used as third person plural reflexive.
6Vous is also used as the polite singular form, in which case the plural disjunctive tonicvous-mêmes becomes singularvous-même.
7Ils,eux andeux-mêmes are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.

Further reading

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Haitian Creole

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Adverb

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t'

  1. contraction ofte

Irish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (before a word starting witha,o,u,fha,fho, orfhu)/t̪ˠ/,(before a word starting withe,i,fhe, orfhi)/tʲ/

Determiner

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t’

  1. (Cois Fharraige)alternative form ofd’(your (singular))

Verb

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t'

  1. (informal)contraction of(is)
    • 1894 March, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, inIrisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages185–88:
      T’eagla orm,” dubhairt an rí, “go bhfuil mé caillte, óir budh chóir gur mhac damh atá ’san phlúr seo.”
      “I am afraid I am lost,” said the king, “for it ought to be that this flower is a son of mine.”

Italian

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Pronoun

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t' (apocopated)

  1. apocopic form ofti
    T’odio.I hateyou.

Usage notes

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Commonly elides before a vowel, especiallyi ande.

See also

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Italian personal pronouns
singularplural
firstsecondsecondformal /polite5thirdfirstsecondsecondformal /polite5third
m orfmfm orfmf
nominativeiotuLei,Ella8lui,egli8,ello8,elli3, 8,esso8lei,ella8,essa8noivoi,Voi7Loroloro
elli3, 8,ellino4, 8,eglino4, 8,essi8elle3, 8,elleno4, 8,esse8
atonic (clitic)11accusative /dative-reflexivemi,m',-mi,me9ti,t',-ti,te9si6,s',-si,se9ci,c',-ci,ce9vi,Vi7,v',V'7,-vi,-Vi7,ve9si,s',-si,se9
accusativeLa,-La,L'lo,l',-lo,il4la,l',-laLe,-Leli,-lile,-le
dativeLe,-Leglie9Loro10loro10,gli2,-gli2,glie9
gli,-glile,-le,gli2,-gli2
locativeci,c',
vi1,v'1
ci,c',
vi1,v'1
partitivene,n'ne,n'
tonic12prepositional-reflexive
obliquemeteLeilui,esso8lei,essa8noivoi,Voi7Loroloro,
essi8elle8,esse8
1Formal.
2Informal.
3Archaic.
4Obsolete.
5Grammatically third person forms used semantically in the second person as a formal or polite way of addressing someone (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
6Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
7Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with Frenchvous).
8Traditional grammars still indicate the formsegli (animate),ello /ella (animate),esso /essa and their plurals as the nominative forms of the third person pronouns; outside of very formal or archaizing contexts, all such forms have been replaced by the obliqueslui,lei,loro.
9Forms used when followed by a third-person direct object proclitic (lo,la,li,le, orne).
10Used after verbs.
11Unstressed forms, stand alone forms are found proclitically (except dativeloro /Loro), others enclitically (-mi,-ti, etc.).
12Disjunctive, emphatic oblique forms used as direct objects placed after verbs, in exclamations, along prepositions (prepositional) and some adverbs (come,quanto, etc.); also used witha to create alternative emphatic dative forms.

Louisiana Creole

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Particle

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t'

  1. prevocalic form of(past tense marker)

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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t'

  1. prevocalic form ofto(you, thou)
    T'olé ça?Doyou want that?

Maltese

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Preposition

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t’

  1. apocopic form ofta’
    t’artof earth

Usage notes

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Its use is optional when followed by a vowel sound, and connects to the next word directly without a space, i.e. botht’art as one word andta’ art as two words are correct.

Manx

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Verb

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t'

  1. apocopic form ofta

Sassarese

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Pronoun

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t'

  1. apocopic form ofti,used before a vowel

Scottish Gaelic

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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t’

  1. alternative form ofd’(your)(second-person singular possessive pronoun)

Yola

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Particle

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t'

  1. apocopic form ofta
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number10, page88:
      T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;
      To break up the goal they had not power;
    • 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, inAPPENDIX, page132:
      Tommeen was eepitt' drive in
      [Tommy was putto drive in]

Preposition

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t'

  1. apocopic form ofta
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page88:
      Na, now or neveare! w' cry'tt' Tommeen,
      Nay, now or never! we cry'dto Tommy,
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number10, page88:
      Oore hart cam't' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;
      Our hearts cameto our mouth, and so with all in the green;
    • 1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page100:
      Craneent' thee wee aam, thee luggès shell aake.
      Chokingto thee with them. Thy ears shall ache.
    • 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, inAPPENDIX, page131:
      Fad didn'st thou cumt' ouz on zum other dey?
      [Why didn't you cometo us on some other day?]

Pronoun

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t'

  1. apheretic form ofit; the ball
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page86:
      Our eein wode b' misternt' dearnt up ee skee.
      Our eyes would be dazzled (ifit)to look (hided) up to the sky.
  2. misspelling of't

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page86
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