By the time of Late Egyptian, this pronoun was no longer strictly masculine but common to both genders, as it had entirely merged with the feminine equivalentst through sound change.
This form of pronoun is anenclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:
When it follows a verb, it indicates theobject of the verb.
In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms thesubject of an adjectival sentence.
When it follows a relative adjective, such asntj,ntt, orjsṯ, it indicates thesubject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
When it follows an imperative, it indicates thesubjector theobject of the verb.
When it follows a particle likem.k, it indicates thesubject of the clause.
When attached to a preposition, it indicates theobject of the preposition.
1 Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle. 2 Only in formal texts, especially religious texts. 3 Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.
This form of pronoun is aproclitic that must stand at the beginning of a sentence (generally adverbial) and cannot come after any particles. It always indicates the subject of the sentence.
1 Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle. 2 Only in formal texts, especially religious texts. 3 Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.
James P[eter] Allen (2010),Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,pages51, 107, 116.
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sw”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
