Inherited fromOld Frenchsurveillier. Bysurface analysis,sur- +veiller, corresponding toLatinsuper(“on top of”) +vigilō(“to watch”). Cognate withEnglishsurveil.
surveiller
| infinitive | simple | surveiller | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle orgerund1 | simple | surveillant /syʁ.vɛ.jɑ̃/ or/syʁ.ve.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | surveillé /syʁ.vɛ.je/ or/syʁ.ve.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | surveille /syʁ.vɛj/ | surveilles /syʁ.vɛj/ | surveille /syʁ.vɛj/ | surveillons /syʁ.vɛ.jɔ̃/ or/syʁ.ve.jɔ̃/ | surveillez /syʁ.vɛ.je/ or/syʁ.ve.je/ | surveillent /syʁ.vɛj/ |
| imperfect | surveillais /syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or/syʁ.ve.jɛ/ | surveillais /syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or/syʁ.ve.jɛ/ | surveillait /syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or/syʁ.ve.jɛ/ | surveillions /syʁ.vɛj.jɔ̃/ | surveilliez /syʁ.vɛj.je/ | surveillaient /syʁ.vɛ.jɛ/ or/syʁ.ve.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | surveillai /syʁ.vɛ.je/ or/syʁ.ve.je/ | surveillas /syʁ.vɛ.ja/ or/syʁ.ve.ja/ | surveilla /syʁ.vɛ.ja/ or/syʁ.ve.ja/ | surveillâmes /syʁ.vɛ.jam/ or/syʁ.ve.jam/ | surveillâtes /syʁ.vɛ.jat/ or/syʁ.ve.jat/ | surveillèrent /syʁ.vɛ.jɛʁ/ or/syʁ.ve.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | surveillerai /syʁ.vɛj.ʁe/ | surveilleras /syʁ.vɛj.ʁa/ | surveillera /syʁ.vɛj.ʁa/ | surveillerons /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɔ̃/ | surveillerez /syʁ.vɛj.ʁe/ | surveilleront /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | surveillerais /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/ | surveillerais /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/ | surveillerait /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/ | surveillerions /syʁ.vɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or/syʁ.ve.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ | surveilleriez /syʁ.vɛ.jə.ʁje/ or/syʁ.ve.jə.ʁje/ | surveilleraient /syʁ.vɛj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | surveille /syʁ.vɛj/ | surveilles /syʁ.vɛj/ | surveille /syʁ.vɛj/ | surveillions /syʁ.vɛj.jɔ̃/ | surveilliez /syʁ.vɛj.je/ | surveillent /syʁ.vɛj/ |
| imperfect2 | surveillasse /syʁ.vɛ.jas/ or/syʁ.ve.jas/ | surveillasses /syʁ.vɛ.jas/ or/syʁ.ve.jas/ | surveillât /syʁ.vɛ.ja/ or/syʁ.ve.ja/ | surveillassions /syʁ.vɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ or/syʁ.ve.ja.sjɔ̃/ | surveillassiez /syʁ.vɛ.ja.sje/ or/syʁ.ve.ja.sje/ | surveillassent /syʁ.vɛ.jas/ or/syʁ.ve.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | surveille /syʁ.vɛj/ | — | surveillons /syʁ.vɛ.jɔ̃/ or/syʁ.ve.jɔ̃/ | surveillez /syʁ.vɛ.je/ or/syʁ.ve.je/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81). | |||||||
surveiller
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in-er. The forms that would normally end in *-eill, *-eills, *-eillt are modified toeil,euz,eut. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.