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surname

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:sur-name

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromMiddle Englishsurname, a partial calque ofOld Frenchsurnum,surnoun(“surname; nickname”) (whenceMiddle Englishsurnoun), fromLate Latinsupernōmen,suprānōmen(“surname”), fromsuper-(“over, above, beyond”) andnōmen(“name”),[1] equivalent tosur- +‎name.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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surname (pluralsurnames)

  2. The portion of a person'sname that is generallyhereditary or treated as an indicator of a person'sfamily, which may be shared with other members of the family, or otherwise derived from their names in some fashion; distinguished from that person'sgiven name(s).
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:surname
    James is my first name, and Smith is mysurname.
    • 1605, William Camden,Remaines,I 32:
      In lateyeeresSurnames havebeene given for Christian names amongvs, and no where else inChristendom.
    • 1876, E. A. Freeman,The History of the Norman Conquest,V xxv 563:
      The Norman Conquest...brought with it the novelty of family nomenclature, that is to say, the use of hereditarysurnames.
  3. (obsolete)Synonym ofepithet, anadditional name,particularly thosederived from abirthplace,quality, orachievement.
  4. (obsolete)Synonym ofnickname, an additional namegiven to aperson,place, orthing, abyname.
    • 1638,Abraham Cowley,Davideis, section IV:
      I have before declared that Baal was the Sun, and Baal Peor, asirname, from a particular place of his worship.
  5. (Classical studies) Thecognomen ofRomannames.
  6. (Can weverify(+) this sense?)(Scotland, obsolete) Aclan.

Usage notes

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  • The termsurname may be used to translate terms from non-English names which carry additional shades of meaning; most notably in the case of Romancognomens.
  • Bothsurname andlast name are extremely common in all dialects of English, the former being somewhat more preferred in the UK and the latter in the US. However, because of the cultural and gendered associations involved with both terms, the use offamily name is increasingly preferred in multicultural contexts.

Synonyms

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Hypernyms

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Hyponyms

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Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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name that indicates family
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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surname (third-person singular simple presentsurnames,present participlesurnaming,simple past and past participlesurnamed)

  1. (transitive) To give a surname to.
  2. (transitive) To call by a surname.
    • 1905,Howard Pyle, “The Story of Launcelot”, inThe Story of the Champions of the Round Table‎[1], New York: Charles Scribner's Sons,page66:
      “Lord,” said Sir Launcelot, “I am hight Launcelot, and amsurnamed ‘He of the Lake.’”
    • 2025 March 2, “Taxi driver arrested after seven dead cats are found”, inTaipei Times‎[2],→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on02 March 2025, Taiwan News, page 3‎[3]:
      The man,surnamed Hsieh (謝), was arrested in the city’s Jhonghe District (中和) on Friday afternoon, after investigators combed through surveillance video footage a day earlier, police said.

Translations

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to give a surname
to call by a surname

See also

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References

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  1. ^Oxford English Dictionary. "surnoun, n."

Anagrams

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Middle English

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FWOTD – 20 June 2024

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Partial calque ofOld Frenchsurnoun, fromLate Latinsupernōmen,suprānōmen; equivalent tosur- +‎name. Forms beginning withsir-,syr-, etc. represent reanalysis of the first element assire.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsurnaːm(ə)/,/ˈsirnaːm(ə)/

Noun

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surname (pluralsurnames)

  1. epithet,nickname
    • c.1330,Arthour and Merlin, section 5488:
      Þe .xxxix. Osoman, cert, Hissurname was: hardi ofhert.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 1400, "St. John Baptist", 928 in W. M. Metcalfe,Legends of the saints: in the Scottish dialect of the fourteenth century (1896), II 249:
      Þe thred herrod had alsua til hissuornome agrippa.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
  2. surname,family name
  3. alias,appellation

Descendants

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References

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