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Inflection ofsumo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		sumo	sumot
genitive		sumon	sumojen
partitive		sumoa	sumoja
illative		sumoon	sumoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		sumo	sumot
accusative	nom.	sumo	sumot
accusative	gen.	sumon	sumot
genitive		sumon	sumojen
partitive		sumoa	sumoja
inessive		sumossa	sumoissa
elative		sumosta	sumoista
illative		sumoon	sumoihin
adessive		sumolla	sumoilla
ablative		sumolta	sumoilta
allative		sumolle	sumoille
essive		sumona	sumoina
translative		sumoksi	sumoiksi
abessive		sumotta	sumoitta
instructive		—	sumoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms ofsumo(Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sumoni	sumoni
accusative	nom.	sumoni	sumoni
accusative	gen.	sumoni	sumoni
genitive		sumoni	sumojeni
partitive		sumoani	sumojani
inessive		sumossani	sumoissani
elative		sumostani	sumoistani
illative		sumooni	sumoihini
adessive		sumollani	sumoillani
ablative		sumoltani	sumoiltani
allative		sumolleni	sumoilleni
essive		sumonani	sumoinani
translative		sumokseni	sumoikseni
abessive		sumottani	sumoittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sumoineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sumosi	sumosi
accusative	nom.	sumosi	sumosi
accusative	gen.	sumosi	sumosi
genitive		sumosi	sumojesi
partitive		sumoasi	sumojasi
inessive		sumossasi	sumoissasi
elative		sumostasi	sumoistasi
illative		sumoosi	sumoihisi
adessive		sumollasi	sumoillasi
ablative		sumoltasi	sumoiltasi
allative		sumollesi	sumoillesi
essive		sumonasi	sumoinasi
translative		sumoksesi	sumoiksesi
abessive		sumottasi	sumoittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sumoinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sumomme	sumomme
accusative	nom.	sumomme	sumomme
accusative	gen.	sumomme	sumomme
genitive		sumomme	sumojemme
partitive		sumoamme	sumojamme
inessive		sumossamme	sumoissamme
elative		sumostamme	sumoistamme
illative		sumoomme	sumoihimme
adessive		sumollamme	sumoillamme
ablative		sumoltamme	sumoiltamme
allative		sumollemme	sumoillemme
essive		sumonamme	sumoinamme
translative		sumoksemme	sumoiksemme
abessive		sumottamme	sumoittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sumoinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sumonne	sumonne
accusative	nom.	sumonne	sumonne
accusative	gen.	sumonne	sumonne
genitive		sumonne	sumojenne
partitive		sumoanne	sumojanne
inessive		sumossanne	sumoissanne
elative		sumostanne	sumoistanne
illative		sumoonne	sumoihinne
adessive		sumollanne	sumoillanne
ablative		sumoltanne	sumoiltanne
allative		sumollenne	sumoillenne
essive		sumonanne	sumoinanne
translative		sumoksenne	sumoiksenne
abessive		sumottanne	sumoittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sumoinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		sumonsa	sumonsa
accusative	nom.	sumonsa	sumonsa
accusative	gen.	sumonsa	sumonsa
genitive		sumonsa	sumojensa
partitive		sumoaan sumoansa	sumojaan sumojansa
inessive		sumossaan sumossansa	sumoissaan sumoissansa
elative		sumostaan sumostansa	sumoistaan sumoistansa
illative		sumoonsa	sumoihinsa
adessive		sumollaan sumollansa	sumoillaan sumoillansa
ablative		sumoltaan sumoltansa	sumoiltaan sumoiltansa
allative		sumolleen sumollensa	sumoilleen sumoillensa
essive		sumonaan sumonansa	sumoinaan sumoinansa
translative		sumokseen sumoksensa	sumoikseen sumoiksensa
abessive		sumottaan sumottansa	sumoittaan sumoittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	sumoineen sumoinensa

Derived terms

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compounds

French

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FrenchWikipedia has an article on:

sumo

Wikipedia^fr

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /sy.mo/,/su.mo/
Audio(France (Lyon)): (file)
Audio(France (Somain)): (file)

Noun

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sumo m (pluralsumos)

Galician

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Verb

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sumo

first-person singular present indicative ofsumir

Indonesian

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IndonesianWikipedia has an article on:

sumo

Wikipedia^id

Etymology

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Borrowed fromJapanese相撲(すもう, sumō).

Pronunciation

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(Standard Indonesian)IPA^(key): /ˈsumo/[ˈsu.mo]
Rhymes:-umo
Syllabification:su‧mo

Noun

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sumo

(sports)sumo (Japanese traditional wrestling)

Derived terms

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pesumo (a sumo wrestler)

Italian

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ItalianWikipedia has an article on:

sumo

Wikipedia^it

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈsu.mo/
Rhymes:-umo
Hyphenation:sù‧mo

Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromJapanese相撲(sumō).

Noun

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sumo m (invariable)

sumo (Japanese wrestling)

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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sumo

first-person singular present indicative ofsumere

Anagrams

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muso,musò

Ladino

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Spanishçumo, fromAndalusian Arabic, fromArabicزُوم(zūm,“juice, sap”), fromAncient Greekζωμός(zōmós).

Noun

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sumo m (Hebrew spellingסומו)^[1]

juice(liquid from a plant)
- 2003, “Sefárdica”, in(Please provide the book title or journal name), numbers14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí,page71:
  Otras biviendas eran losshurbetes (¹²) (şerbet en turko) de agua isumo de fruta, i sovre todo devijna, i lasubiá (sübiye en turko) (opipitada en djudeo‐espanyol), echa delsumo de las pipitas de melón sekadas i molidas, i metidas en mojo en agua en un panyo.
  Other beverages were sherbet (şerbet in Turkish) from water, fruitjuice, and above all from cherries, and melon seed juice (sübye in Turkish, orpipitada in Judezmo), made from thejuice of dried and ground melon kernels, and dipped in fabric in water.

Alternative forms

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zumo

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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sumo

References

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^“sumo”, inTrezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola [Treasury of the Judeo-Spanish Language] (in Ladino, Hebrew, and English), Instituto Maale Adumim

Latin

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Etymology

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Ultimately fromProto-Italic*emō, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁em-. Bysurface analysis,sub +‎emō(“to buy, take”), with excrescentp insūmpsī andsūmptum. According to Sihler, the term derives from earlier*susmō, fromProto-Italic*sups-(e)mō, from*emō.^[1]^[2] It is likely that this Latin term is related toUmbriansumtu, although Buck argues that the Umbrian term cannot be explained from*sups-(e)mō.^[3] Instead, Buck suggests that the Umbrian term must derive from*sup(e)mō, which—according to Poultney—is the source for both the Umbrian and the Latin term.^[4] According to De Vaan, the perfect formsūmpsī is a later innovation that emerged because the term was no longer synchronically identifiable withemō.^[5]Sextus Pompeius Festus provides attestation for two additional perfect formssurēmi andsurēmpsī. De Vaan suggests that these forms may derive from earlierProto-Italic*suz-ēm-, itself from earlier*subs-ēm-. Alternatively, De Vaan suggests that these terms were remodeled after verbs such assuscipiō.

Pronunciation

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(Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈsuː.moː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈsuː.mo]

Verb

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sūmō (present infinitivesūmere,perfect activesūmpsīorsurēmīorsurēmpsī,supinesūmptum);third conjugation

totake,take up,catch,assume,seize,claim,arrogate
Synonyms:capiō,expugnō,teneō,obsideō,auferō,retineō,comprehendō,dēprehendō,apprehendō,arripiō,prehendō,capessō,occupō,prehēnsō
- 8CE,Ovid,Fasti6.537–538:
  parva mora est, caelum vātēs ac nūminasūmit
  fitque suī tōtō pectore plēna deī
  There is a brief pause; the prophetessassumes the divine powers of heaven, and in all her soul she is made full of her deity.
  (The prophetess isCarmenta.)
toundertake,begin,enter upon
toexact satisfaction,inflict punishment
tochoose,select
toobtain,acquire,receive,get, take
touse,apply,employ,spend,consume
toadopt;borrow
tobuy,purchase
Synonyms:coemō,comparō,emō
Antonyms:addicō,dēferō,vēndō
toaccept,presuppose,establish as aprinciple
tofascinate,charm
toput on
Synonyms:indūcō,induō,saepiō,vēlō
Antonyms:exuō,nūdō,spoliō
totake heart

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofsūmō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	sūmō	sūmis		sūmit	sūmimus	sūmitis		sūmunt
	imperfect	sūmēbam	sūmēbās		sūmēbat	sūmēbāmus	sūmēbātis		sūmēbant
	future	sūmam	sūmēs		sūmet	sūmēmus	sūmētis		sūment
	perfect	sūmpsī, surēmī, surēmpsī	sūmpsistī, surēmistī, surēmpsistī		sūmpsit, surēmit, surēmpsit	sūmpsimus, surēmimus, surēmpsimus	sūmpsistis, surēmistis, surēmpsistis		sūmpsērunt, sūmpsēre, surēmērunt, surēmēre, surēmpsērunt, surēmpsēre
	pluperfect	sūmpseram, surēmeram, surēmpseram	sūmpserās, surēmerās, surēmpserās		sūmpserat, surēmerat, surēmpserat	sūmpserāmus, surēmerāmus, surēmpserāmus	sūmpserātis, surēmerātis, surēmpserātis		sūmpserant, surēmerant, surēmpserant
	future perfect	sūmpserō, surēmerō, surēmpserō	sūmpseris, surēmeris, surēmpseris		sūmpserit, surēmerit, surēmpserit	sūmpserimus, surēmerimus, surēmpserimus	sūmpseritis, surēmeritis, surēmpseritis		sūmpserint, surēmerint, surēmpserint
	sigmatic future¹	sūrempsō	sūrempsis		sūrempsit	sūrempsimus	sūrempsitis		sūrempsint
passive	present	sūmor	sūmeris, sūmere		sūmitur	sūmimur	sūmiminī		sūmuntur
	imperfect	sūmēbar	sūmēbāris, sūmēbāre		sūmēbātur	sūmēbāmur	sūmēbāminī		sūmēbantur
	future	sūmar	sūmēris, sūmēre		sūmētur	sūmēmur	sūmēminī		sūmentur
	perfect	sūmptus + present active indicative ofsum
	pluperfect	sūmptus + imperfect active indicative ofsum
	future perfect	sūmptus + future active indicative ofsum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	sūmam	sūmās		sūmat	sūmāmus	sūmātis		sūmant
	imperfect	sūmerem	sūmerēs		sūmeret	sūmerēmus	sūmerētis		sūmerent
	perfect	sūmpserim, surēmerim, surēmpserim	sūmpserīs, surēmerīs, surēmpserīs		sūmpserit, surēmerit, surēmpserit	sūmpserīmus, surēmerīmus, surēmpserīmus	sūmpserītis, surēmerītis, surēmpserītis		sūmpserint, surēmerint, surēmpserint
	pluperfect	sūmpsissem, surēmissem, surēmpsissem	sūmpsissēs, surēmissēs, surēmpsissēs		sūmpsisset, surēmisset, surēmpsisset	sūmpsissēmus, surēmissēmus, surēmpsissēmus	sūmpsissētis, surēmissētis, surēmpsissētis		sūmpsissent, surēmissent, surēmpsissent
	sigmatic aorist¹	sūrempsim	sūrempsīs		sūrempsīt	sūrempsīmus	sūrempsītis		sūrempsint
passive	present	sūmar	sūmāris, sūmāre		sūmātur	sūmāmur	sūmāminī		sūmantur
	imperfect	sūmerer	sūmerēris, sūmerēre		sūmerētur	sūmerēmur	sūmerēminī		sūmerentur
	perfect	sūmptus + present active subjunctive ofsum
	pluperfect	sūmptus + imperfect active subjunctive ofsum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	sūme		—	—	sūmite		—
active	future	—	sūmitō		sūmitō	—	sūmitōte		sūmuntō
passive	present	—	sūmere		—	—	sūmiminī		—
passive	future	—	sūmitor		sūmitor	—	—		sūmuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		sūmere		sūmī		sūmēns		—
future		sūmptūrum esse		sūmptum īrī		sūmptūrus		sūmendus, sūmundus
perfect		sūmpsisse, surēmisse, surēmpsisse		sūmptum esse		—		sūmptus
future perfect		—		sūmptum fore		—		—
perfect potential		sūmptūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		sūmendī	sūmendō		sūmendum	sūmendō	sūmptum		sūmptū

¹At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used byOld Latin writers; most notablyPlautus andTerence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Synonyms

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(seize):apprehendō,comprehendō,dēprehendō,prehendō,prehēnsō,teneō,capiō,arripiō
(acquire):acquīrō,adipīscor,cōnsequor,parō,pariō,lucror,impetrō,mereō,teneō,emō,comparō,apīscor,obtineō,conciliō,nancīscor,potior,inveniō,colligō,alliciō
(begin):incohō,exōrdior,occipiō,incipiō,coepiō,ōrdior,initiō,ineō,ingredior,aggredior,committō,exorior,moveō,mōlior
(accept):accipio,recipio,ascīscō,concipio
(select):dēsūmō,dēligō,ēligō,adoptō,optō,sēpōnōlegō,dēstinō,capiō,creō
(assume):adhibeō,assūmō,adoptō,suscipiō,induō,accipiō,indūcō,ineō,aggredior
(undertake):ineo,obeo
(use):utor,adhibeō,occupō,ūsūrpō,vēscor
(consume):abutor,accido

Antonyms

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(antonym(s) of“begin”):subsistō,dēsistō,cessō,remittō
(antonym(s) of“acquire”):āmittō

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Borrowed:
- → Catalan:sumir
- → Italian:sumere
Inherited:(all meaning 'submerge' or similar)
- Old Galician-Portuguese:somir,sumir
  - Galician:sumir
  - Portuguese:sumir
- Old Spanish:somir,sumir
  - Spanish:sumir

References

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^Sihler, Andrew L. (1995),New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press,→ISBN,§ 231
^András Cser (13 December 2019), “Prefix Allomorphy and the Phonologisation of s-Deletion in Latin”, inTransactions of the Philological Society‎^[1], volume118, number 1,→DOI,→ISSN, page631
^Buck, Carl Darling (1904),A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary, page75
^Poultney, James Wilson (1959),The Bronze Tables of Iguvium, Baltimore: American Philological Association,page325
^De Vaan, Michiel (2008),Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages188-189

“sumo”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879),A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“sumo”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891),An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
sumo inEnrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026),Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
“sumo”, inGaffiot, Félix (1934),Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894),Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London:Macmillan and Co.
- to require, give, take time for deliberation:tempus (spatium) deliberandi orad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere
- to take something into one's hands:in manus(m) sumere aliquid
- to take poison:venenum sumere, bibere
- to commence a thing:initium facere, ducere, sumere (alicuius rei)
- to choose one from a large number of instances:ex infinita exemplorum copia unum (pauca) sumere, decerpere (eligere)
- to take a lesson from some one's example:sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo orexemplum capere de aliquo
- to derive an argument from a thing:argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re orpetere ab aliqua re
- to assume a thing:sumere (opp.reicere)aliquid
- to take up a book in one's hands:librum in manus sumere
- to be haughty:magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33)
- to take upon oneself:sibi sumere aliquid (Planc. 1. 3)
- to assume thetoga virilis:togam virilem (puram) sumere
- to take food:cibum sumere, capere
- to borrow money from some one:pecuniam mutuari orsumere mutuam ab aliquo
- to assume a despotic tone:regios spiritus sibi sumere
- to exact a penalty from some one:supplicium sumere de aliquo
- to execute the death-sentence on a person:supplicium sumere de aliquo
- to take up one's arms:arma capere, sumere