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subjunctive mood

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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Fromsubjunctive (fromLatinsubjunctivus, fromsub-(“under”) +junctus(“joined”), perfect passive participle ofjungere(“to join”) + adjective suffix-ivus) +mood (fromLatinmodus).

Noun

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Examples
  • If Johnwere here, he would know what to do.
  • If thisbe liberty, then give me death!
  • I wish that Iwere there.
  • I want that hego.

subjunctivemood (pluralsubjunctive moods)

  1. (grammar)Mood expressing an action or state which ishypothetical oranticipated rather thanactual, includingwishes andcommands.
    Synonyms:conjunctive,conjunctive mode,conjunctive mood,subjunctive,subjunctive mode

Usage notes

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Subjunctive mood is used much more in some other languages, such as Spanish and Latin, than it is in English. Apart from the third-person singular form without the suffix -(e)s (I want that hego), modern English has only one verb that has mutually distinguishableindicative and subjunctive forms —be.

  • be (subjunctive present, all persons except for archaic second-person singular)
I suggest that that measurebe taken.
It is important that we allbe at the meeting.
  • beest (archaic second-person singular, subjunctive present)
1610–1611 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act III, scene ii]:
Stephano!—If thoubeest Stephano, touch me, and speak to me; for I am Trinculo:—be not afeared—thy good friend Trinculo.
  • wert (archaic second-person singular, subjunctive past)
The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […],1611,→OCLC,Job8:6: “If thouwert pure and upright; surely now he would awake for thee,[…]”
The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […],1611,→OCLC,Revelation3:15: “I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot: I would thouwert cold or hot.”
  • were (subjunctive past, all persons except for archaic second-person singular)
If Johnwere here, he would know what to do.
If theywere in trouble, I would help them.

See also the conjugation atbe.

Translations

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subjunctive mood

Further reading

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