Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WiktionaryThe Free Dictionary
Search

storm

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Storm

English

[edit]
WOTD – 25 August 2023

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishstorm(disturbed state of the atmosphere; heavy precipitation; battle, conflict; attack) [and other forms],[1] fromOld Englishstorm(tempest, storm; attack; storm of arrows; disquiet, disturbance, tumult, uproar; onrush, rush) [and other forms], fromProto-West Germanic*sturm(storm), fromProto-Germanic*sturmaz(storm), fromProto-Indo-European*(s)twerH-(to agitate, stir up; to propel; to urge on).[2] Related tostir.

Cognates

Noun

[edit]

storm (pluralstorms)

  1. Anydisturbedstate of theatmospherecausingdestructive orunpleasantweather, especially oneaffecting theearth'ssurfaceinvolvingstrongwinds (leading tohighwaves atsea) and usuallylightning,thunder, andprecipitation.
    Hyponyms:tropical cyclone,typhoon,cyclone(narrow sense),hurricane
    Near-synonyms:cyclone(broad sense),tempest
    The boat was torn to pieces in thestorm, and nobody survived.
    1. (by extension) Aheavyfall of precipitation (hail,rain, orsnow) orbout of lightning and thunder without strong winds; ahail storm,rainstorm,snowstorm, orthunderstorm.
    2. (by extension)Synonym ofcyclone(a weatherphenomenonconsisting of asystem of windsrotating around acentre oflowatmospheric pressure).
    3. (by extension, Canada, Scotland, US, dated) Aperiod offrosty and/orsnowy weather.
    4. (meteorology) A disturbed state of the atmosphere between asevere or stronggale and ahurricane on themodernBeaufort scale, with a windspeed of between 89 and 102kilometres perhour (55–63miles per hour; 10 on thescale, known as a "storm" or whole gale), or of between 103 and 117 kilometres per hour (64–72 miles per hour; 11 on the scale, known as a "violent storm").
  2. (figurative)
    1. A heavyexpulsion or fall ofthings (asblows,objects which arethrown, etc.).
      astorm of bullets
    2. A violentagitation ofhumansociety; adomestic,civil, orpoliticalcommotion.
      Synonyms:tempest,tumult
      The proposed reforms have led to a politicalstorm.
    3. A violent commotion oroutbreak ofsounds,speech,thoughts, etc.; also, anoutpouring ofemotion.
      astorm of protest
    4. (pathology)Chiefly with aqualifying word: a violentattack ofdiease,pain,physiologicalreactions,symptoms, etc.; aparoxysm.
      asthmaticstorm   cytokinestorm
  3. (Canada, US, chiefly in theplural)Ellipsis ofstorm window(asecondwindow (originallydetachable)attached on theexteriorside of a window inclimates withharshwinters, toadd aninsulatinglayer ofstillair between theoutside andinside).
Hyponyms
[edit]
Coordinate terms
[edit]
Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]
Translations
[edit]
disturbed state of the atmosphere causing destructive or unpleasant weather
heavy fall of precipitation or bout of lightning and thunder without strong windsseehail storm,‎rainstorm,‎snowstorm,‎thunderstorm
synonym of cycloneseecyclone
period of frosty and/or snowy weather
disturbed state of the atmosphere between a severe or strong gale and a hurricane on the modern Beaufort scale
heavy expulsion or fall of things
  • Finnish:myrsky (fi)
  • Macedonian:please add this translation if you can
violent agitation of human society; domestic, civil, or political commotionseetumult
violent commotion or outbreak of sounds, speech, thoughts, etc.; outpouring of emotion
violent attack of diease, pain, physiological reactions, symptoms, etc.see alsoparoxysm
  • Finnish:kohtaus (fi)
  • Macedonian:please add this translation if you can
ellipsis of storm windowseestorm window
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Theverb is derived fromMiddle Englishstormen(of the wind: to blow violently; to cause to roll or toss),[3] fromstorm(noun) (seeetymology 1) +-en(suffix forming theinfinitives ofverbs).[4][5]

CompareMiddle Englishsturmen(to attack (someone) with great force),[6] fromOld Englishstyrman(to rage, storm; to make a great noise, cry aloud, shout, storm), fromProto-West Germanic*sturmijan(to storm), fromProto-Germanic*sturmijaną(to storm), from*sturmaz(a storm) (see etymology 1) +*-janą(suffix formingcausatives fromstrong verbs, with a sense of ‘to cause to do [the action of the verb]’).[7] The Middle English word did not survive into modern English.

Thenoun is derived from verbetymology 2 sense 2.3 (“to violently assault (a fortified position or stronghold, a building, etc.) with the aim of gaining control of it”).[2]

Cognates

Verb

[edit]

storm (third-person singular simple presentstorms,present participlestorming,simple past and past participlestormed)

  1. (impersonal, chiefly US)Preceded by thedummy subjectit: tohavestrongwinds and usuallylightning andthunder, and/orhail,rain, orsnow.
    Itstormed throughout the night.
  2. (transitive)
    1. Tomake (someone or something)stormy; toagitate (someone or something)violently.
    2. (figurative)
      1. Todisturb ortrouble (someone).
        Synonyms:seeThesaurus:annoy
      2. Touse (harshlanguage).
    3. (chiefly military) To violentlyassault (afortifiedposition orstronghold, abuilding, etc.) with theaim ofgainingcontrol of it.
      thestorming of theBastille
      Troopsstormed the complex.
      • 1692 (date written),Matthew Prior, “Ode; in Imitation ofHorace, 3Od. ii.”, inThe Poetical Works of Matthew Prior [], volume II, London: [] W[illiam] Strahan, [], published1779,→OCLC, stanza II,page112:
        All night beneath hard heavy arms to vvatch; / All day to mount the trench, to ſtorm the breach;[]
      • 1820 July, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym;Washington Irving], “Philip of Pokanoket. An Indian Memoir.”, inThe Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., 1st UK edition, volume II, London:John Murray, [],→OCLC,pages259–260:
        The assailants were repulsed in their first attack, and several of their bravest officers were shot down in the act ofstorming the fortress, sword in hand.
      • 1974, K. S. Karol, “The August of the Ultra-Left”, in Mervyn Jones, transl.,The Second Chinese Revolution [], New York, N.Y.:Hill and Wang,→OCLC,page278:
        The crowd was patient and never dreamed ofstorming Chungnanhai (which could scarcely have resisted a mass assault) and the most battle-tested groups made no attempt to send their commandos to kidnap the “highest leader.” Calm—if one may use the word—prevailed, and the group leaders were content to lead their followers in chanting slogans againstLiu [Shaoqi] and quotations fromMao [Zedong]. The Chairman, like Vice-ChairmanLin Piao, had been away on a tour of inspection in the provinces since early July; at the time of the siege of Chungnanhai, he was in Wuhan.
      1. (figurative, often poetic) To assault or gain control orpower over (someone'sheart,mind, etc.).
    4. (by extension, especially in command economies) To catch up (on production output) by making frenzied or herculean efforts.
      They werestorming near the end of the month to salvage some goodwill.
    5. (British, dialectal, agriculture) Toprotect (seed-hay) from stormy weather byputtingsheaves of them intosmallstacks.
  3. (intransitive)
    1. Of theweather: to beviolent, with strong winds and usually lightning and thunder, and/or hail, rain, or snow.
    2. To beexposed to harsh (especiallycold) weather.
    3. (figurative)
      1. Tomovenoisily andquickly like astorm(nounetymology 1 sense 1), usually in astate ofanger oruproar.
        Shestormed out of the room.
        • 1842,Alfred Tennyson, “The Vision of Sin”, inPoems. [], volume II, London:Edward Moxon, [],→OCLC,page214:
          Then the music touch'd the gates and died; / Rose again from where it seem'd to fail, /Storm'd in orbs of song, a growing gale;[]
        • 1855,Alfred Tennyson, “The Charge of the Light Brigade”, inMaud, and Other Poems, London:Edward Moxon, [],→OCLC, stanza 2,page152:
          Storm'd at with shot and shell, / Boldly they rode and well; / Into the jaws of Death, / Into the mouth of Hell, / Rode the six hundred.
        • 1960 October, P. Ransome-Wallis, “Modern Motive Power of the German Federal Railway: Part Two”, inTrains Illustrated, London:Ian Allan Publishing,→ISSN,→OCLC, page611:
          A lovely crisp exhaust: a feeling of almost unlimited power combined with complete freedom of running: and, to crown it all, a most melodious and wholly American chime whistle—these were my immediate impressions as westormed rapidly out of Göttingen, intent on winning back some of the lost time.
      2. (by extension, chiefly military) To move quickly in thecourse of an assault on a fortified position or stronghold, a building, etc.
      3. To be in a violenttemper; to use harsh language; tofume, torage.
Conjugation
[edit]
Conjugation ofstorm
infinitive(to)storm
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularstormstormed
2nd-personsingularstorm,stormeststormed,stormedst
3rd-personsingularstorms,stormethstormed
pluralstorm
subjunctivestormstormed
imperativestorm
participlesstormingstormed
Derived terms
[edit]
Translations
[edit]
to have strong winds and usually lightning and thunder, and/or hail, rain, or snow
to make (someone or something) stormy; to agitate (someone or something) violently
to disturb or trouble (someone)seedisturb,‎trouble
to use (harsh language)
  • Finnish:räyhätä (fi)
  • Macedonian:please add this translation if you can
to violently assault (a fortified position or stronghold, a building, etc.) with the aim of gaining control of it
to assault or gain control or power over (someone’s heart, mind, etc.)
to protect (seed-hay) from stormy weather by putting sheaves of them into small stacks
of the weather: to be violent, with strong winds and usually lightning and thunder, and/or hail, rain, or snow
to be exposed to harsh (especially cold) weather
  • Finnish:paleltua (fi)
  • Macedonian:please add this translation if you can
to move noisily and quickly like a storm
to move quickly in the course of an assault on a fortified position or stronghold, a building, etc.
to be in a violent temper; to use harsh languagesee alsofume,‎rage

Noun

[edit]

storm (pluralstorms)

  1. (military) A violentassault on afortifiedposition orstronghold.
Translations
[edit]
violent assault on a fortified position or stronghold

References

[edit]
  1. ^storm,n.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
  2. 2.02.1Comparestorm,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press,July 2023;storm,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  3. ^stormen,v.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
  4. ^-en,suf.(3)”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
  5. ^storm,v.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press,July 2023;storm,v.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  6. ^sturmen,v.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
  7. ^Compare† sturme,v.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press,July 2023.

Further reading

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Afrikaans

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromDutchstorm.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /stɔrm/,[stɔɾm],[ˈstɔɾəm]
  • The plural is almost always disyllabic.
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

[edit]

storm (pluralstorms)

  1. storm

Danish

[edit]
DanishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediada

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Danishstorm, fromOld Norsestormr(storm), fromProto-Germanic*sturmaz, fromProto-Indo-European*(s)twerH-(to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around).

Noun

[edit]

storm c (singular definitestormen,plural indefinitestorme)

  1. storm

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofstorm
common
gender
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativestormstormenstormestormene
genitivestormsstormensstormesstormenes

Derived terms

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

storm

  1. imperative ofstorme

References

[edit]

Dutch

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromMiddle Dutchstorm, fromOld Dutch*storm, fromProto-West Germanic*sturm, fromProto-Germanic*sturmaz.

Noun

[edit]

storm m (pluralstormen,diminutivestormpje n)

  1. storm; a wind scale for very strong wind, stronger than a gale, less than a hurricane
  2. (of sieges or battles)assault,storming
    Synonym:bestorming
Usage notes
[edit]

Unlike Englishstorm, the Dutch word is not associated with rainfall. Astorm may, of course, be accompanied by rainfall, but the word as such refers only to strong winds.

Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

[edit]

storm

  1. inflection ofstormen:
    1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
    3. imperative

Anagrams

[edit]

Icelandic

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

storm

  1. indefiniteaccusativesingular ofstormur

Middle Dutch

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Dutch*storm, fromProto-West Germanic*sturm.

Noun

[edit]

storm m

  1. storm,violentweather
  2. storm,heavywind
  3. storm,assault

Inflection

[edit]
Strong masculine noun
singularplural
nominativestormstorme
accusativestormstorme
genitivestormsstorme
dativestormestormen

Descendants

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

Middle English

[edit]
storm

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromOld Englishstorm.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

storm (pluralstormes)

  1. Astorm; an instance of intense wind and precipitation(including a snowstorm)
  2. An armed dispute, brawl or fight; an instance of combativeness.
  3. (rare) Any intense event, happening, or force.

Related terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]

North Frisian

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Germanic*sturmaz. Cognates includeWest Frisianstoarm.

Noun

[edit]

storm m (pluralstorme)

  1. (Mooring)storm

Derived terms

[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Norsestormr, fromProto-Germanic*sturmaz, fromProto-Indo-European*(s)twerH-(to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around).

Noun

[edit]

storm m (definite singularstormen,indefinite pluralstormer,definite pluralstormene)

  1. astorm
    En kraftigstorm er venta seinere i dag.
    A strongstorm is expected to hit later today.
    enstorm i et vannglass - astorm in a teacup (British)
Derived terms
[edit]
Related terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

storm

  1. imperative ofstorme

References

[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norsestormr, fromProto-Germanic*sturmaz, fromProto-Indo-European*(s)twerH-(to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around). Akin toEnglishstorm.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

storm m (definite singularstormen,indefinite pluralstormar,definite pluralstormane)

  1. storm (a very strong wind, stronger than a gale, less than a hurricane)
    Ein kraftigstorm er venta seinare i dag.
    A strongstorm is expected to hit later today.

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Old English

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-West Germanic*sturm, whence alsoOld Saxonstorm,Old High Germansturm,Old Norsestormr.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

storm m

  1. storm
    • 10th century,The Wanderer:
      Eorlas fornōman · asca þrȳþe,
      wǣpen wælġīfru, · wyrd sēo mǣre,
      ond þās stānhleoþu ·stormas cnyssað,
      The warriors took away the strength of spears,
      killing-greedy weapons, the fate is famous
      andthe storms hit these stone slopes,

Declension

[edit]

Stronga-stem:

singularplural
nominativestormstormas
accusativestormstormas
genitivestormesstorma
dativestormestormum

Descendants

[edit]

Swedish

[edit]
SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Swedishstormber, fromOld Norsestormr, fromProto-Germanic*sturmaz, fromProto-Indo-European*(s)twerH-(to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

storm c

  1. (countable, uncountable)storm; heavywindsor weather associated with storm winds.
    enstorm
    astorm
    1. stormy weather (as a more idiomatic translation in the uncountable sense)
      • 1970, “Kalle Teodor”,Astrid Lindgren (lyrics),Georg Riedel (music)‎[3]:
        Istorm på Biskaya gick skeppeti kvav, skeppet han segla' [seglade], Kalle Teodor, och därför vilar han nu i sin grav,vaggad av sjögräs, Kalle Teodor. Men en stormnatt kan du höra nån som ropar: Hej hå! Ifrån havets djup det kommer, och det låter så: Hej hå! Hej hå!
        Instormy weather in Biscay, the ship went down, the ship he was sailing, Kalle Teodor, and therefore he now rests in his grave, cradled ["rocked" (like in a cradle), but works as a translation] by seaweed, Kalle Teodor. But on a stormy night you can hear someone calling: Hey ho! From the ocean depths ["the sea's depth(s)" – intuitively "depth," though the plural is identical – singular is idiomatic in "dras ner i djupet" (be pulled into the depths [depth]), for example] it comes, and it sounds like that: Hey ho! Hey ho! [Or "and it sounds like so," but that is an idiomatic way of saying "and it sounds like that," whereas "and it sounds like this" would normally be put as "och det låter så här." The official lyrics have a colon.]
      segla istorm
      sail instormy weather / a storm [depending on what fits the context best]
      blåsa upp tillstorm
      be a storm brewing / coming / blowing up [with the wind picking up]
      (literally, “blow up tostorm [idiomatic]”)
  2. (meteorology)storm,whole gale (on the Beaufort scale)

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofstorm
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitestormstorms
definitestormenstormens
pluralindefinitestormarstormars
definitestormarnastormarnas

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Welsh

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Welshystorym, fromOld Englishstorm, fromProto-West Germanic*sturm(storm), fromProto-Germanic*sturmaz(storm), fromProto-Indo-European*(s)twerH-(to agitate, stir up).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

storm f (pluralstormydd,diminutivestormen,not mutable)

  1. storm(disturbed state of the atmosphere)
    Synonym:tymestl

Derived terms

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “storm”, inGweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke,et al., editors (1950–present), “storm”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=storm&oldid=89582051"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2026 Movatter.jp