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starve

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishsterven(“to die, perish”), fromOld Englishsteorfan(“to die, perish”), fromProto-West Germanic*sterban, fromProto-Germanic*sterbaną(“to become stiff, die”), fromProto-Indo-European*(s)terp-(“to lose strength, become numb, be motionless”); or fromProto-Indo-European*sterbʰ-(“to become stiff”), from*ster-(“stiff”); or a conflation of the aforementioned. Cognate withScotsstairve,sterve(“to die, perish, starve”),Saterland Frisianstjerwa(“to die”),West Frisianstjerre(“to die”),Dutchsterven(“to die”),German Low Germanstarven(“to die”),Germansterben(“to die”),Icelandicstirfinn(“peevish, froward”),Albanianshterp(“sterile, unproductive, barren land”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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starve (third-person singular simple presentstarves,present participlestarving,simple paststarved,past participlestarvedor(obsolete)starven)

  1. (intransitive) To die because of lack of food or of not eating.
    • 1990, Chen Yizi (陳一諮), quotee,Children of the Dragon: The Story of Tiananmen Square‎[1],→ISBN,page48:
      During the Cultural Revolution I was exiled to Xincai County in Henan Province. There, 36 percent of the peoplestarved to death in the early 1960s.
    • 2007, Lisa Wingate,A Thousand Voices, page76:
      "When all of youstarve to death, Shasta, don't come crying to me, that's all."
  2. (intransitive) To suffer severely because of lack of food or of not eating.
  3. (intransitive) To be veryhungry.
    I wasstarving so I wrote S.O.S. on the desert island using rocks.
  4. (transitive) Tokill or attempt to kill by depriving of food.
  5. (transitive) To make suffer severely by depriving of food.
    Synonym:famish
  6. (transitive) To force a combatant to submit or surrender by depriving of food, as in a targeted siege.
    If they refuse to surrender the garrison, we'll juststarve them out.
  7. (transitive, dated) To force apopulation center to submit or surrender by depriving of food, as in sieges in international armed conflicts.
    Some historians have since classified theSiege of Leningrad as agenocide due to the intentional destruction of the city and the systematicstarvation of its civilian population.
  8. (transitive) Todeprive of nourishment or of some vital component.
    The uncaring parentsstarved the child of love.
    The patient’s brain wasstarved of oxygen.
  9. (intransitive) Todeteriorate for want of any essential thing.
  10. (transitive, British, especially Yorkshire and Lancashire) Tokill withcold; to (cause to)die fromcold.
    I was halfstarved waiting out in that wind.
    • 1869 February,John Hartley,The original illuminated clock almanack:
      Wheniver he worstarved, he used to get th' seck o' coils ov his back, an' walk raand th' haase till he gat warm agean.
    • 1886,A Queer Supper, John Heywood, section 8:
      One i' th' morning an' mestarv'd to th' death wi' waitin' up.
    • 1898,J. Arthur Gibbs, “When the May-Fly is Up”, inA Cotswold village; or, Country Life & Pursuits in Gloucestershire, London:John Murray,→OCLC,page164:
      Sometimes he remarks, “ ’Tis these dreadful frostis that spiles everything. ’Tis enough tosterve anybody.”
  11. (intransitive, obsolete) Todie; in later use especially to die slowly, waste away.
    • 1596,Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto I”, inThe Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] forWilliam Ponsonby,→OCLC, stanza 4,page 6:
      Seuen moneths he ſo her kept in bitter ſmart, / Becauſe his ſinfull luſt ſhe would not ſerue, / Vntill ſuch time as nobleBritomart / Releaſed her, that elſe was like toſterue / Through cruell knife that her deare heart did kerue.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofstarve
infinitive(to)starve
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularstarvestarved
2nd-personsingularstarve,starvest†starved,starvedst†
3rd-personsingularstarves,starveth†starved
pluralstarve
subjunctivestarvestarved
imperativestarve—
participlesstarvingstarved,starven†

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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to die because of lack of food
to be very hungry
to destroy by deprivation
to deprive of nourishment
obsolete: to die—see alsodie
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Further reading

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Anagrams

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