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standard

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Standard

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishstandard, fromOld Frenchestandart(gathering place, battle flag), fromFrankish*standahard(literallystand firm, stand hard), equivalent tostand +‎-ard. An alternative etymology derives the second element fromFrankish*oʀd(point, spot, place) (compareOld Frenchordé(pointed),Old Englishord(point, source, vanguard),GermanStandort(location, place, site, position, base, literallystanding-point)). Merged withMiddle Englishstandar,stander,standere(flag, banner, literallystander), equivalent tostand +‎-er. More atstand,hard,ord. As a hill-naming term possibly acalque fromCumbric; equivalent toWelshlluman(standard), arising with confusion with the hill-naming elementllumon(chimney).[1]

  • Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    standard (comparativemorestandard,superlativemoststandard)

    1. Falling within anacceptedrange of size, amount, power, quality, etc.
    2. (of a tree or shrub) Growing alone as a free-standing plant; not trained on a post etc.
      • 1863,Anthony Trollope,Rachel Ray:
        There are women who cannot grow alone asstandard trees;—for whom the support and warmth of some wall, some paling, some post, is absolutely necessary […].
    3. Havingrecognizedexcellence orauthority.
      standard works in history;standard authors
    4. Of ausable orserviceable grade or quality.
    5. (not comparable, of a motor vehicle) Having amanual transmission.
    6. Asnormallysupplied (notoptional).
      • 2024, NTSB,Highway Investigation Report, HIR-24-05:
        Although marketed by Daimler asstandard equipment, Triton requested that Daimler deliver the 2022 truck-tractor without collision avoidance technology. As a result, Triton received a cost discount on its truck order, which included this truck. Triton told the NTSB that the owner and several of the drivers had field-tested an earlier version of the equipment, and they did not like its performance.
      • 2024, NTSB,Highway Investigation Report, HIR-24-05:
        A study funded by the FMCSA found that although several heavy-vehicle manufacturers have voluntarily made AEB “standard” on many new truck models, they also offer “deletion credits” to customers who choose to remove AEB, which provides customers financial incentive to forego the technology and which ultimately reduces voluntary adoption rates
    7. (linguistics) Conforming to thestandard variety.

    Antonyms

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    Derived terms

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    Translations

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    falling within an accepted range
    conforming to the standard variety
    as normally supplied
    A mail standard of the 16th century; the transition between the more densely linked upstanding throat/neck part and the less densely linked shoulder section of the collar can be seen.

    Noun

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    standard (pluralstandards)

    1. Aprinciple orexample ormeasure used forcomparison.
      1. A level ofquality orattainment.
        • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:
          The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; []. Our table in the dining-room became again the abode of scintillating wit and caustic repartee, Farrar bracing up to his oldstandard, and the demand for seats in the vicinity rose to an animated competition.
      2. Something used as ameasure for comparativeevaluations; amodel.
      3. Amusical work of establishedpopularity.
        • 1983 December 3, Jolanta Benal, “Spandex, Sousa, Bad Politics”, inGay Community News, volume11, number20, page 6:
          I was disappointed when the concert ended with a "Tribute to Irving Berlin" that included "God Bless America" and two John Philip Sousa numbers, the "Washington Post" and "Stars and Stripes Forever."[] I think it's wrong, wrong, wrong for a gay band to play music that celebrates the martial life. There's plenty of other rousing music around, so how about dumping some of those armed forcesstandards.
      4. A rule or set of rules or requirements which are widely agreed upon or imposed by government.
        • 2024 April 10, Jen Christiensen, “Biden administration sets first national standard to limit ‘forever chemicals’ in drinking water”, inCNN[1]:
          The Biden administration finalized the first nationalstandard to limit dangerous “forever chemicals” found in nearly half of the drinking water in the United States.
        • 2024 October 9, Hadas Gold, Liam Reilly and Brian Stelter, “Shari Redstone says CBS leaders made ‘bad mistake’ with handling of Ta-Nehisi Coates interview fallout”, inCNN[2]:
          In stark opposition to what CBS editorial leadership told staff on Monday, Redstone said that she did not believe Dokoupil had violated the network’s editorialstandards when he grilled Coates over the contents of his new book.
      5. The proportion of weights of fine metal and alloy established forcoinage.
        • 1727,John Arbuthnot,Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations:
          By the presentstandard of the coinage, sixty-two shillings is coined out of one pound weight of silver.
      6. (sociolinguistics) standardidiom, aprestigious or standardized languagevariety;standard language[2]
      7. Abottle ofwine containing 0.750liters of fluid.
      8. (India)Gradelevel inprimary education.
        I am in fifthstandard.
        • 2020,Avni Doshi,Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page179:
          I finished my twelfthstandard with less than stellar marks.
    2. A vertical pole with something at its apex.
      1. An objectsupported in anupright position, such as alamp standard.
      2. The flag orensign carried by amilitary unit.
      3. One of the upright members that supports thehorizontalaxis of atransit ortheodolite.
      4. Anyuprightsupport, such as one of the poles of ascaffold.
      5. A sturdy, woody plant whose uprightstem is used tograft a less hardy ornamental flowering plant on, rather then actually planting it.
      6. Atree of natural size supported by its own stem, and not dwarfed bygrafting on thestock of a smaller species nor trained upon a wall ortrellis.
        • 1685,William Temple,Miscellanea. The Second Part. [], London: [] T. M. for Ri[chard] and Ra[lph] Simpson, [], published1690,→OCLC, page111:
          In the more temperate parts ofFrance [gardens are] part laid out for Flowers, others for Fruits, ſomeStandards, ſome againſt Walls or Paliſades, [...]
        • 1907, William Schlich,Schlich's Manual of Forestry, page415:
          It [Loranthus europaeus] grows chiefly on the branches ofstandards over coppice.
      7. Thesheth of aplough.
    3. (in place names, chiefly Northern England, Scotland) acairn ortumulus
      1. a hill with a cairn or tumulus at its summit
    4. A manualtransmission vehicle.
    5. (botany) The upper petal or banner of apapilionaceouscorolla.
    6. (shipbuilding) An invertedkneetimber placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.
    7. A large drinking cup.
    8. (historical) Acollar ofmail protecting the neck.
      Synonym:pisane
      • 1903,The Archaeological Journal, page104:
        The scales generally showed on the face of the garment or defence, and we find body armour, gorgets, habergeons,standards or neck defences, and even the camailt of this class of armour.
      • 1992, Matthias Pfaffenbichler, British Museum,Armourers:
        Goldsmiths also made gold and silver mail for the decorations of helmets and gorgets. The will of Duke Philip the Good shows that he owned a mailstandard (collar) made of solid gold.
      • 2008, Josephine Wilkinson,Richard III: The Young King to be, Amberley Publishing Limited,→ISBN:
        The throat and upper chest was protected by the gorget plate, mailstandard or a metal wrapper. Whichever helm Richard chose to wear, it might have had a keyhole at the top to allowed insignia to be inserted.
      • 2013, George Cameron Stone,A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor: in All Countries and in All Times, Courier Corporation,→ISBN:
        [page 286:] A defense for the neck variously described as a combination of gorget and bevor worn with a salade, and as astandard of mail, or collar, worn under the plate gorget.
        [page 426:] Baron de Cosson says (Helmets and Mail 110): “Thus in the British Museum there is astandard of mail of which the rings of the top edge are exceedingly close and stiff,[]"
      • 2016, Ivor Noel Hume, Audrey Noel Hume,The Archaeology of Martin's Hundred: Part 1, Interpretive Studies; Part 2, Artifact Catalog, University of Pennsylvania Press,→ISBN, page151:
        Mail was also used to provide skirts substituting for tassets, for collars called "standards" substituting for gorgets, as well as for coats (long) and shirts (short). Consequently finding a few links gives little or no clue to their source. The few from the Fort, however, include copper-alloy (brass?) links, ...
    9. Ellipsis ofstandard poodle.
      • 1968, Jeff Griffen,The Poodle Book, page36:
        Sincestandards are large dogs, they grow much more rapidly than miniatures and toys, which means that they require more supplements.
    10. Ameasure fortimber.[3]
      • 1955 April, “Wind-Blown Timber for B.R.”, inRailway Magazine, page271:
        To clear the fallen timber quickly, arrangements were made between British Railways and the Home Timber Merchant's Association of Scotland for the purchase of timber in the form of sleepers, crossing timbers, and wagon timbers. These arrangements have now terminated, and since the storm a total of 19,000standards of timber have been purchased by British Railways at a cost of £1,250,000.

    Hyponyms

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    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Descendants

    Translations

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    level of quality
    something used as a measure
    a flag or ensign
    standard idiomsee alsostandard language

    Interjection

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    standard

    1. (UK, slang) An expression ofagreement.

    References

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    1. ^William John Watson (1926),Celtic Place-Names of Scotland, Edinburgh: Birlinn,→ISBN, page212
    2. ^Jack Croft Richards; Richard W. Schmidt (2010),Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, Pearson Education Limited,→ISBN, page554
    3. ^Standard (timber unit) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

    Anagrams

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    Czech

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    standard inan

    1. standard

    Declension

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    Declension ofstandard (hard masculine inanimate)
    singularplural
    nominativestandardstandardy
    genitivestandardustandardů
    dativestandardustandardům
    accusativestandardstandardy
    vocativestandardestandardy
    locativestandardustandardech
    instrumentalstandardemstandardy

    Related terms

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    See also

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    Further reading

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    Danish

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    Etymology

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    FromEnglishstandard.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    standard c (singular definitestandarden,plural indefinitestandarder)

    1. standard

    Inflection

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    Declension ofstandard
    common
    gender
    singularplural
    indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
    nominativestandardstandardenstandarderstandarderne
    genitivestandardsstandardensstandardersstandardernes

    French

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    Etymology

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    Englishstandard.Doublet ofétendard.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    standard m (pluralstandards)

    1. standard
    2. switchboard

    Adjective

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    standard (femininestandarde,masculine pluralstandards,feminine pluralstandardes)

    1. standard

    Usage notes

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    • Often treated as invariable (with the single formstandard used for masculine and feminine, singular and plural), but dictionary accounts vary.[1]

    Synonyms

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    Descendants

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    References

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    1. ^standard”, inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.

    Further reading

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    Italian

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromEnglish.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    standard (invariable)

    1. standard

    Noun

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    standard m (invariable)

    1. standard

    Related terms

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    References

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    1. ^standard inLuciano Canepari,Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

    Middle English

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromOld Frenchestandart, probably fromFrankish*standahard(stable, fixed,adjective, literallystanding firm), fromFrankish*standan(to stand) +*hard(ī)(hard, firm).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    standard (pluralstandards)

    1. Astandard; aflagidentifying amilitaryunit.
    2. Anyupright orsupportingobject:
      1. (espcially construction) Averticalpole orsupport.
      2. Atower(such as awater tower orsiege engine)
      3. Alargecandlestick or itsholder.
      4. Atalluprightcontainer(such as achest orvessel)
      5. (rare) Astick orskewer(incoining orcooking)
      6. (forestry, rare) Anuncuttree.
    3. Areference for orexemplar of astandardmeasure.
    4. (by extension, rare) Astandard orexemplar.
    5. (cooking, rare) Theprimarydish in acourse.
    6. (armour, rare) Agorget; anarmouredneckpiece.

    Descendants

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    References

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    Norwegian Bokmål

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    NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediano

    Etymology

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    FromOld Frenchestandart, viaEnglishstandard.

    Adjective

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    standard (singular and pluralstandard,comparativemer standard,superlativemest standard)

    1. standard

    Noun

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    standard m (definite singularstandarden,indefinite pluralstandarder,definite pluralstandardene)

    1. astandard

    Derived terms

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    References

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    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Etymology

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    FromOld Frenchestandart, viaEnglishstandard.

    Adjective

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    standard (singular and pluralstandard,comparativemeir standard,superlativemest standard)

    1. standard

    Noun

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    standard m (definite singularstandarden,indefinite pluralstandardar,definite pluralstandardane)

    1. astandard

    Derived terms

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    References

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    Polish

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    PolishWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediapl

    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromEnglishstandard.Doublet ofsztandar.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    standard inan

    1. standard

    Declension

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    Declension ofstandard
    singularplural
    nominativestandardstandardy
    genitivestandardustandardów
    dativestandardowistandardom
    accusativestandardstandardy
    instrumentalstandardemstandardami
    locativestandardziestandardach
    vocativestandardziestandardy

    Derived terms

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    adjective
    noun

    Further reading

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    • standard inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • standard in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    Portuguese

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishstandard, fromOld Frenchestandart.Doublet ofestandarte.

    Pronunciation

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    • (Brazil)IPA(key): /isˈtɐ̃.dɐʁ/[isˈtɐ̃.dɐh],/isˈtɐ̃.daʁ.d͡ʒi/[isˈtɐ̃.daɦ.d͡ʒi]
    • (Brazil)IPA(key): /isˈtɐ̃.dɐʁ/[isˈtɐ̃.dɐh],/isˈtɐ̃.daʁ.d͡ʒi/[isˈtɐ̃.daɦ.d͡ʒi]
      • (São Paulo)IPA(key): /isˈtɐ̃.dɐɾ/,/isˈtɐ̃.daɾ.d͡ʒi/
      • (Rio de Janeiro)IPA(key): /iʃˈtɐ̃.dɐʁ/[iʃˈtɐ̃.dɐχ],/iʃˈtɐ̃.daʁ.d͡ʒi/
      • (Southern Brazil)IPA(key): /isˈtɐ̃.daɻ/,/isˈtɐ̃.daɻ.de/

    Noun

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    standard m (invariable)

    1. standard

    Adjective

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    standard (invariable)

    1. standard

    Romanian

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromFrenchstandard.

    Noun

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    standard n (pluralstandarde)

    1. standard

    Declension

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    Declension ofstandard
    singularplural
    indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
    nominative-accusativestandardstandardulstandardestandardele
    genitive-dativestandardstandarduluistandardestandardelor
    vocativestandardulestandardelor

    Serbo-Croatian

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /stǎndard/
    • Hyphenation:stan‧dard

    Noun

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    stàndard inan (Cyrillic spellingста̀ндард)

    1. standard

    Declension

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    Declension ofstandard
    singularplural
    nominativestandardstandardi
    genitivestandardastandarda
    dativestandardustandardima
    accusativestandardstandarde
    vocativestandardestandardi
    locativestandardustandardima
    instrumentalstandardomstandardima

    Further reading

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    • standard”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2025

    Swedish

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    Noun

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    standard c

    1. astandard, anorm

    Declension

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    Declension ofstandard
    nominativegenitive
    singularindefinitestandardstandards
    definitestandardenstandardens
    pluralindefinitestandarderstandarders
    definitestandardernastandardernas

    Related terms

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    See also

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    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=standard&oldid=87365952"
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