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speed

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Speed

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishsped(“prosperity, good luck, quickness, success”), fromOld Englishspēd(“success”), fromProto-West Germanic*spōdi(“prosperity, success”), fromProto-West Germanic*spōan, fromProto-Germanic*spōaną(“to prosper, succeed, be happy”), fromProto-Indo-European*speh₁-(“to prosper, turn out well”).

Cognate withScotsspede,speid(“success, quickness, speed”),Dutchspoed(“haste; speed”),German Low GermanSpood(“haste; speed; eagerness; success”),GermanSput(“progress, acceleration, haste”). Related also toOld Englishspōwan(“to be successful, succeed”),Albanianshpejt(“to speed, to hurry”) andRussianспеши́ть(spešítʹ,“to hurry”),Latinspēs(“hope, expectation”),spērō(“hope”,verb), perhaps also toAncient Greekσπεύδω(speúdō,“to urge on, hasten, press on”).

Noun

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speed (countable anduncountable,pluralspeeds)

  1. The state of moving quickly or the capacity for rapid motion.
    Synonyms:celerity,rapidity,velocity;see alsoThesaurus:speed
    How does Usain Bolt run at thatspeed?
  2. (mathematics, physics) The rate of motion or action, specifically the magnitude of thevelocity; the ratedistance is traversed in a giventime.
    Hyponyms:lightspeed,speed of light,speed of sound
    Speed limits provide information to the drivers about the safespeed to travel in average conditions.
    • 1960 December, “Talking of Trains: Recording Electric Operation”, inTrains Illustrated, London:Ian Allan Publishing,→ISSN,→OCLC, page707:
      Train positions andspeeds were established by a track magnet at each milepost, which produced a suitable mark on the punched recording tape whenever a train passed.
  3. (photography) The sensitivity to light offilm,plates orsensor.
  4. (photography) The duration of exposure, the time during which a camera shutter is open (shutter speed).
  5. (photography) The largest size of the lens opening at which a lens can be used.
  6. (photography) The ratio of the focal length to the diameter of a photographic objective.
  8. (slang, uncountable)Amphetamine or any amphetamine-based drug (especiallymethamphetamine) used as astimulant, especially illegally.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:methamphetamine
    • 2021,Paris Lees,What it Feels Like for a Girl, Penguin (2022), page115:
      I don’t even likespeed. It’s alright if ya wanna stay awake for three days an’ clean yer room, but I’m terrible on no sleep. It just makes me anxious.
  9. (archaic)Luck,success,prosperity.
  11. (slang) Personalpreference.
    We could go to the shore next week, or somewhere else if that's not yourspeed.
    • 2024 April 8, Nikki Ogunnaike, “3 Outfit Formulas That Will Carry You Through Any Season”, inMarie Claire‎[1]:
      I used to dream of throwing on the heritage Burberry coat and teaming it with Hunter wellies (which is admittedly a very cute look), but a few years ago I realized an oversize option is actually myspeed.
  12. (finance, uncountable) Athird-order measure ofderivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change ofgamma with respect to changes in theunderlyingassetprice.
    Synonyms:DgammaDspot,gamma of the gamma
    Hypernym:Greeks
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Translations
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rapidity
rate of motion
photographic sensitivity to light
exposure time—see alsoshutter speed
lens opening size
focal ratio
slang: amphetamine
luck, success, prosperity—seeluck,‎success,‎prosperity
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
See also
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Units for measuringspeed:metres/meters per second,m/s,kilometres/kilometers perhour,km/h(metric);knot,kt,kn(nautical);feet persecond,ft/s,ft/sec andfps,miles perhour,mph(imperial and U.S. customary);mach(aeronautical)

Interjection

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speed

  1. (film) Called by thesoundman when the recording equipment has reached running speed and is ready to go.
    • 2000, Brian J. Hayes,A Boy Scout in Hollywood, page30:
      “Speed,” Carlos, the soundman, said.[…]
      “Camera.”
      “Rolling,” replied Bryce, the cameraman.
    • 2012, Tom Mascaro,Into the Fray, page52:
      […] the director called, “Roll 'em,” the sound man said, “Speed,” and Norling stepped in and said,[…]

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishspeden, fromOld Englishspēdan(“to speed, prosper, succeed, have success”), fromProto-West Germanic*spōdijan(“to succeed”).

Cognate withScotsspede,speid(“to meet with success, assist, promote, accomplish, speed”),Dutchspoeden(“to hurry, rush”),Low Germanspoden,spöden(“to hasten, speed”),Germansputen,spuden(“to speed”).

Verb

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speed (third-person singular simple presentspeeds,present participlespeeding,simple past and past participlespedor(chiefly UK)speeded)

  1. (intransitive, archaic) Tosucceed; toprosper, be lucky.
    • 1485,Sir Thomas Malory, chapter1, inLe Morte Darthur, book I:
      And yf I maye fynde suche a knyghte that hath all these vertues / he may drawe oute this swerd oute of the shethe / for I haue ben at kyng Ryons / it was told me ther were passyng good knyghtes / and he and alle his knyghtes haue assayed it and none canspede
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
    • c.1596–1598 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act V, scene i]:
      We have been praying for our husbands' healths,
      Whichspeed, we hope, the better for our words.
      Are they returned?
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym;Robert Burton],The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps,→OCLC, partition I, section 2, member 4, subsection vii:
      Aristotle must find out the motion of Euripus; Pliny must needs see Vesuvius; but howsped they? One loseth goods, another his life.
    • 18thc.,Oliver Goldsmith,Introductory to Switzerland
      At night returning, every laborsped, / He sits him down the monarch of a shed: / Smiles by his cheerful fire, and round surveys, / His children’s looks, that brighten at the blaze;
  2. (transitive, archaic) Tohelp someone, to give them fortune; to aid or favour.
    Godspeed, until we meet again.
  3. (intransitive) To gofast.
    Synonym:zing
    The Ferrari wasspeeding along the road.
  4. (intransitive) To exceed thespeed limit.
    Why do youspeed when the road is so icy?
  5. (transitive) To increase the rate at which something occurs.
    • 1982, Carole Offir, Carole Wade,Human sexuality,, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, page454:
      It is possible that the uterine contractionsspeed the sperm along.
    • 2004, James M. Cypher, James L. Dietz,The process of economic development, Routledge, page359:
      Such interventions can help tospeed the process of reducing CBRs and help countries pass through the demographic transition threshold more quickly […].
  6. (intransitive, slang) To be under theinfluence of stimulant drugs, especiallyamphetamines.
    • 1972, Lou Reed, “Walk on the Wild Side”, inTransformer:
      Jackie is justspeeding away / Thought she was James Dean for a day
    • 2008, Christos Tsiolkas,The Slap, Allen and Unwin, page46:
      If Hector had not beenspeeding, it was possible that his next thought would have hurt: he loves his uncle unconditionally, in a way he will never love me.
  7. (obsolete) To beexpedient.
  8. (archaic) To hurry to destruction; to put an end to; to ruin.
  9. (archaic) To wish success or good fortune to, in any undertaking, especially in setting out upon a journey.
  10. To cause to make haste; to dispatch with celerity; to drive at full speed; hence, to hasten; to hurry.
  11. To hasten to a conclusion; to expedite.
    • 1726,John Ayliffe,Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani: Or, A Commentary, by Way of Supplement to the Canons and Constitutions of the Church of England. […], London: […] D. Leach, and sold by John Walthoe […],→OCLC:
      Judicial acts[…]aresped in open court at the instance of one or both of the parties.
Usage notes
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  • TheCambridge Guide to English Usage indicates thatsped is for objects in motion(the race car sped) whilespeeded is used for activities or processes, but notes that the British English convention does not hold in American English.
  • Garner's Modern American Usage (2009) indicates thatspeeded is incorrect, except in the phrasal verb,speed up. Most American usage ofspeeded conforms to this.
  • Sped is about six times more common in American English (COCA) thanspeeded.Sped is twice as common in UK English (BNC).
Quotations
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Derived terms
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Translations
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to go fast
to exceed speed limit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Anagrams

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishspeed.

Attested since at least 1971.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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speed m (uncountable,nodiminutive)

  1. (slang)amphetamines

References

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French

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishspeed.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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speed m (pluralspeeds)

  1. speed (amphetamine)

Adjective

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speed (pluralspeed)

  1. (informal)speedy,hasty
    On est un peu tropspeed en France, on devrait prendre exemple sur la Grèce.
    We're a bit toohasty here in France, we should take Greece as an exemple.

Middle English

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Noun

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speed

  1. (chiefly Late Middle English)alternative form ofsped
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