Coined by American author and neologist John Koenig in 2012, whose project,The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows, aims to come up with new words for emotions that currently lack words.[1][2] Inspired byGermansonder-(“special”) andFrenchsonder(“to probe”).[3][4]
sonder (uncountable)
FromDutchzonder, fromMiddle Dutchsonder, fromOld Dutchsunder, fromProto-Germanic*sundraz. Cognate withEnglishsunder.
sonder
sonderor sondér
Inherited fromMiddle Frenchsonder, fromOld Frenchsonder(“to plumb”), fromsonde(“sounding line”), fromOld Englishsund-(“sounding”), as insundġierd(“sounding-rod”),sundlīne(“sounding-line, lead”),sundrāp(“sounding-rope, lead”), fromOld Englishsund(“ocean, sea”), fromProto-West Germanic*sund, fromProto-Germanic*sundą(“a swim, body of water, sound”), fromProto-Indo-European*swem(bʰ)-(“to be unsteady, swim”). Cognate withOld Norsesund(“swimming; strait, sound”). More atsound.
sonder
| infinitive | simple | sonder | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle orgerund1 | simple | sondant /sɔ̃.dɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | sondé /sɔ̃.de/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | sonde /sɔ̃d/ | sondes /sɔ̃d/ | sonde /sɔ̃d/ | sondons /sɔ̃.dɔ̃/ | sondez /sɔ̃.de/ | sondent /sɔ̃d/ |
| imperfect | sondais /sɔ̃.dɛ/ | sondais /sɔ̃.dɛ/ | sondait /sɔ̃.dɛ/ | sondions /sɔ̃.djɔ̃/ | sondiez /sɔ̃.dje/ | sondaient /sɔ̃.dɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | sondai /sɔ̃.de/ | sondas /sɔ̃.da/ | sonda /sɔ̃.da/ | sondâmes /sɔ̃.dam/ | sondâtes /sɔ̃.dat/ | sondèrent /sɔ̃.dɛʁ/ | |
| future | sonderai /sɔ̃.dʁe/ | sonderas /sɔ̃.dʁa/ | sondera /sɔ̃.dʁa/ | sonderons /sɔ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | sonderez /sɔ̃.dʁe/ | sonderont /sɔ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | sonderais /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ | sonderais /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ | sonderait /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ | sonderions /sɔ̃.də.ʁjɔ̃/ | sonderiez /sɔ̃.də.ʁje/ | sonderaient /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | sonde /sɔ̃d/ | sondes /sɔ̃d/ | sonde /sɔ̃d/ | sondions /sɔ̃.djɔ̃/ | sondiez /sɔ̃.dje/ | sondent /sɔ̃d/ |
| imperfect2 | sondasse /sɔ̃.das/ | sondasses /sɔ̃.das/ | sondât /sɔ̃.da/ | sondassions /sɔ̃.da.sjɔ̃/ | sondassiez /sɔ̃.da.sje/ | sondassent /sɔ̃.das/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | sonde /sɔ̃d/ | — | sondons /sɔ̃.dɔ̃/ | sondez /sɔ̃.de/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81). | |||||||
FromProto-Germanic*sundraz(“isolated, particular, alone”), fromProto-Indo-European*snter-,*seni-,*senu-,*san-(“apart, without, for oneself”). Cognate toLatinsine(“without”),Englishsunder(“separate, different”).
sonder [withaccusative]
Borrowed fromJavaneseꦱꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦂ(sondhèr).
sonder (pluralsonder-sonder)
sonder (pluralsonder-sonder)
Borrowed fromDutchzonder(“without”), fromMiddle Dutchsonder, fromOld Dutchsunder, fromProto-Germanic*sundraz.
sondêr
FromDutchzonder, fromMiddle Dutchsonder, fromOld Dutchsunder, fromProto-Germanic*sundraz.
sonder (Jawi spellingسوندر)
FromOld Dutchsunder, fromProto-Germanic*sundraz.
sonder[withaccusative]
FromOld Frenchsonder, fromsonde(“sounding line”), fromOld English[Term?], fromProto-Germanic*sundą(“a swim, body of water, sound”), fromProto-Indo-European*swem(bh)-(“to be unsteady, swim”).
sonder
sonder