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som

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "som"

Translingual

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Etymology

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Clipping ofEnglishSomali orabbreviation ofAfar andSomaliSoomaali.

Symbol

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som

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-2 &ISO 639-3language code forSomali.

See also

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English

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 som (currency) on Wikipedia
 Kyrgyzstani som on Wikipedia
 Uzbekistani sum on Wikipedia
100 som note (Kyrgyzstan)

Etymology 1

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FromKyrgyzсом(som) andUzbekсўм(soʻm) (Cyrillic) /soʻm (Roman), both of which come from the Turkic root *som ("pure [gold]").

Alternative forms

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Noun

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som (pluralsoms)

  1. Thecurrency ofUzbekistan.
  2. Thecurrency ofKyrgyzstan.
Translations
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national currency of Uzbekistansee alsosum
national currency of Kyrgyzstansee alsosum

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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som

  1. Obsolete spelling ofsome.
    • (Can wedate this quote?), Kimberly Kubus (K.Okkerstrøm),Airport Manager:
      U cared to trysom of my snax

Determiner

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som

  1. Obsolete spelling ofsome.

Etymology 3

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Noun

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som (pluralsoms)

  1. Alternative form ofsomm(sommelier).
    • 2013, Jay McInerney,The Juice: Vinous Veritas, page19:
      Thesom who first introduced me to it leaned in close and whispered the news, as if he were offering me something illegal.

See also

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Anagrams

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Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromLatinsummus.

Adjective

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som (femininesoma,masculine pluralsoms,feminine pluralsomes)

  1. shallow

Etymology 2

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Verb

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som

  1. first-personpluralpresentindicative ofser
  2. first-personpluralpresentindicative ofésser

Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*somъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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som anim

  1. archaic form ofsumec

Declension

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This noun needs aninflection-table template.

Danish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsesom,sem(as, like), cognate withNorwegiansom,Swedishsom. Probably a weakened form ofProto-Germanic*samą, *samô(same, in the same way), compareOld High Germansama, samo, sam(so, likewise).

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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som

  1. as,like(introduces comparisons, both noun phrases and dependent clauses)
    Synonym:ligesom
    fuldsom en allike
    drunkas a jackdaw
  2. as(introduces a noun phrase that is an adjunct, or non-obligatory argument)
    • 1991, Benny Andersen,Chagall & skorpiondans[1]:
      Han varsom kunstner højst original, men solgte aldrig et billede.
      He was most originalas an artist, but he never sold a single painting.
    Synonyms:i egenskab af,qua,værende
  3. such as(introduces an example)
    Synonyms:for eksempel,såsom
    pattedyrsom hunde og katte
    mammalssuch as dogs and cats
  4. as(introduces a temporaladverbial clause)
    • 1987, Thøger Birkeland,Jomfrubanden[2]:
      ...han tager pigens hånd, netopsom hun vender sig for at gå tilbage til bordet.
      ...he takes the hand of the girl justas she turns around in order to go back to the table.
    Synonyms:da,idet
  5. as,because(introduces a causaladverbial clause)
    • 1849, Søren Kierkegaard,Enten-Eller[3],p. vol. 2, p. 228 /:
      Min Kone holder da af Dig, og jeg sympathiserer med hendes Følelse i denne henseende, saa meget meresom jeg troer, at grunden til hendes Velvillie for Dig for en Deel ligger deri, at hun seer Dine Svagheder.
      My wife likes you, and I sympathize with her feeling in this respect, the more soas I think that the reason for her good will towards you is partly based on the fact that she sees your weaknesses.
    Synonyms:da,eftersom
  6. how(introduces an exclamativeindependent clause)
    • 1987, Jørgen Sonne,Nul:
      Som vi da grinede!
      How we laughed!
    Synonym:hvor

Pronoun

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som

  1. (relative)who,which,that(introducesrelative clauses)
    Synonyms:der,hvilken

Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchsomme, borrowed fromOld Frenchsomme, fromLatinsumma.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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som f (pluralsommen,diminutivesommetje n)

  1. sum
  2. (mathematics)problem
    Ik moet dertigsommen maken voor de wiskundeles van morgen.I have to solve thirtyproblems for tomorrow's maths class.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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Anagrams

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Galician

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Verb

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som

  1. (reintegrationist norm)third-personpluralpresentindicative ofser

Hungarian

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Etymology

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From aTurkic language, compareTurkmençüm(cornel),Kumykчум(çum,berry).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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som (pluralsomok)

  1. cornel

Declension

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Inflection (stem in-o-, back harmony)
singularplural
nominativesomsomok
accusativesomotsomokat
dativesomnaksomoknak
instrumentalsommalsomokkal
causal-finalsomértsomokért
translativesommásomokká
terminativesomigsomokig
essive-formalsomkéntsomokként
essive-modal
inessivesombansomokban
superessivesomonsomokon
adessivesomnálsomoknál
illativesombasomokba
sublativesomrasomokra
allativesomhozsomokhoz
elativesombólsomokból
delativesomrólsomokról
ablativesomtólsomoktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular
somésomoké
non-attributive
possessive – plural
soméisomokéi
Possessive forms ofsom
possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
1st person sing.somomsomjaim
2nd person sing.somodsomjaid
3rd person sing.somjasomjai
1st person pluralsomunksomjaink
2nd person pluralsomotoksomjaitok
3rd person pluralsomjuksomjaik

Further reading

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  • som in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.

Anagrams

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Indonesian

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IndonesianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaid

Etymology

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FromDutchzoom(hem; edge, border), fromMiddle Dutchsôom, fromOld Dutch*sōm, fromProto-West Germanic*saum, fromProto-Germanic*saumaz(that which is sewn).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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som (pluralsom-som)

  1. (sewing, colloquial)seam(folded back and stitched piece of fabric)
    Synonyms:kelim,pelipit

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Slavic*sòmъ; cognate withRussianсом(som),Old Polishsom,Old Czechsom,Polabiansåm.

Noun

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som anim

  1. catfish(fish of the order Siluriformes)
Declension
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Declension ofsom
SingularDualPlural
Nominativesomsomasomy
Genitivesomasomowusomow
Dativesomojusomomasomam
Accusativesomsomasomy
Instrumentalsomomsomomasomami
Locativesomjesomomasomach

Further reading

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  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “som”, inSłownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague:ОРЯС РАН,ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag,2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999), “som”, inDolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Slavic*esmь.

Verb

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som

  1. first-personsingularpresent ofbyś

Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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FromOld Dutchsum, fromProto-West Germanic*sum, fromProto-Germanic*sumaz.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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som

  1. some

Inflection

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singularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
nominativesomsommesomsomme
accusativesommensommesomsomme
genitivesomssommersomssommer
dativesommensommersommensommen

Descendants

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Further reading

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishsum, fromProto-West Germanic*sum, fromProto-Germanic*sumaz.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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som

  1. some

Adjective

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som

  1. some

Descendants

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References

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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som

  1. as; similar to, in the same way that

Derived terms

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Pronoun

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som

  1. (reflexive pronoun)who,which

Preposition

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som

  1. as; to the same extent or degree that

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norsesem.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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som

  1. as
    Han jobbarsom kelner.
    He is workingas a waiter.
Derived terms
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Pronoun

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som

  1. (reflexive pronoun)who,which,that
    Dette er bilensom eg kjøpte.
    This is the carthat I bought.
    Det var den mannensom kom.
    That was the manwho came.

Etymology 2

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FromOld Norsesumr. Akin toEnglishsome.

Alternative forms

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  • sum(now nonstandard)

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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som m (femininesom,neutersomt,pluralsomme)

  1. some
    Somt av det er nytt, resten er gamalt.
    Some of it is new, the rest is old.
    Han sasom tid at det gjekk likare med ho
    Sometimes he said that it was going better with her

References

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Old English

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*sōmu, fromProto-Germanic*sōmō, related to*sōmiz(seemly). Related toOld Norsesǿmr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sōm f

  1. agreement,concord
    • 11th century,Institutes of Polity:
      Hē sċeal bēon symle ymbesōme and ymbe sibbe.
      He shall always be engaged in promotingconcord and peace.
  2. reconciliation, asetting aside ofdifferences
    • 11th century,Institutes of Polity:
      Bisċeopum ġebȳraþ, ġyf ǣniġ ōðrum ābelġe, ðæt man geþyldiġe ōð gefērenasōme.
      It is appropriate for bishops, if any should anger others, that one be patient until the companions'reconciliation.
  3. a meeting for agreement,arrangement ofdispute
    • early 10th century,Letter to King Edward explaining the history of land at Fonthill[4]:
      Ðā ðūhte ūs eallan ðe æt ðǣre sōme wǣran,..
      Then it seemed to all of us that were at theagreement,..

Usage notes

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Often found in collocation withsibb(peace).

Declension

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Strongō-stem:

singularplural
nominativesōmsōma,sōme
accusativesōmesōma,sōme
genitivesōmesōma
dativesōmesōmum

Related terms

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References

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Portuguese

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PortugueseWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapt

Etymology

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FromOld Galician-Portugueseson (probably influenced by or possibly borrowed fromOld Occitanson), fromLatinsonus. Alternatively, regressively derived from the verbsoar. CompareGalician andSpanishson.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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som m (pluralsons)

  1. sound(sensation perceived by the ear)
  2. (informal)music(melodic and rhythmic sounds made as art)
    Synonym:música
  3. (informal) anaudio device, such as astereo
    Synonym:equipamentode som

Derived terms

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Related terms

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See also

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Romanian

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Noun

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som m (pluralsomi)

  1. obsolete form ofsumă

Declension

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singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativesomsomulsomisomii
genitive-dativesomsomuluisomisomilor
vocativesomulesomilor

References

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  • som in Academia Română,Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010.→ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

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Serbo-CroatianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediash

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*somъ.

Noun

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sȍm anim (Cyrillic spellingсо̏м)

  1. catfish
Declension
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Declension ofsom
singularplural
nominativesȍmsòmovi
genitivesomasomova
dativesomusomovima
accusativesomasomove
vocativesomesomovi
locativesomusomovima
instrumentalsomomsomovima

Further reading

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  • som”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2025

Etymology 2

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The origins of this term are unclear. Possibly becausesom (catfish) is a big fish. Others believe it is due to the 1000 dinar banknotes of 1955, on which the person depicted appears to have two fish eyes (instead of welding goggles) on his head.

Noun

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sȍm inan (Cyrillic spellingсо̏м)

  1. (colloquial)grand(a thousand of something, especially but not only money)
    dvasomatwogrand

Slovak

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Etymology

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FromProto-Slavic*esmь.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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som

  1. first-personsingularpresent ofbyť

Swedish

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Alternative forms

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  • (Obsolete typography)ſom

Etymology

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FromOld Swedishsom orsum, in Runic inscriptions alsosim, same asIcelandicsem, fromOld Norsesem.

Also related to the prefixsam-(co-, common, together) and suffix-sam(-some, -like). Still in thePoetic Edda, the Icelandicsem is only used as a comparative particle, e.g. Hávamál 23allt er vílsem var (And his woe is justas it was). With time it has displaced other relative conjunctions (es, er). Its use as a pronoun is of a later date.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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som (notcomparable)

  1. (followed by a superlative adjective) at its/his/hers
    när vintern ärsom kallast
    when winter isat its coldest
    (literally, “when the winter isas coldest”)
    när solen stårsom högst
    when the sun isat its highest
    (literally, “when the sun standsas highest”)
    Hon är oslagbar när hon ärsom bäst
    She is unbeatable when she isat her best
    (literally, “She is unbeatable when she isas best”)
    • 1999, Johan Halleröd,Fredde Granberg, Tomas Claesson,Marko Lehtosalo, “Sola och bada i Piña Colada [Sunbathing and Swimming in Piña Colada]”‎[5]performed byMarkoolio [portmanteau of his first name Marko and the stage name of American rapperCoolio]; Jemma Myrberg:
      Sola ochbada i Piña Colada. På sommaren är livetsom bäst. Alla blir glada av Piña Colada. Manröjer ochhånglar på fest.
      Sunbathing and swimming in Piña Colada [[To] sunbathe and swim in Piña Colada]. In the summer, life isat its best. Piña Colada makes everyone happy [Everyone becomes happy from Piña Colada]. You go wild and make out at parties ["at party" – while at a party].
  2. the
    där backen ärsom brantast
    where the hill isthe [at its] steepest
    (literally, “where the hill isas steepest”)

Conjunction

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som

  1. as,like
    flitigsom ett bi
    busy [diligent]as a bee
    Hon lätsom en häst
    She soundedlike a horse
  2. as (in the role of)
    Som president är det jag sombestämmer
    As president, I am the one in charge
  3. as (the way)
    Som du önskar!
    As you wish!

Derived terms

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(and many other similes)

Pronoun

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som

  1. (relative)who,which,that
    Det var honsom gjorde det.
    She is the onewho did it.
    Det där är stenensom kraschade rutan.
    That’s the stonethat broke the window.
  2. as; to the same extent or degree that
    Du är inte lika långsom jag är.
    You are not as tallas I am.
    Du är inte lika långsom jag.
    You are not as tallas me.

Derived terms

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(and many others)

References

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Anagrams

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Ternate

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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som

  1. (stative) to bemurky,turbid

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofsom
singularplural
inclusiveexclusive
1st persontosomfosommisom
2nd personnosomnisom
3rd
person
masculineosomisom
yosom(archaic)
femininemosom
neuterisom

References

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  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001),A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Common Turkic*som(pure, solid).

Adjective

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som

  1. solid
    Synonym:katı
  2. pure
    Synonyms:salt,arı,katkısız,katışıksız
  3. fine

Derived terms

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromFrenchsaumon.

Noun

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som (definite accusativesomu,pluralsomlar)

  1. salmon

Declension

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Declension ofsom
singularplural
nominativesomsomlar
definite accusativesomusomları
dativesomasomlara
locativesomdasomlarda
ablativesomdansomlardan
genitivesomunsomların

Zou

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Zou cardinal numbers
 <  91011  > 
   Cardinal :som

Etymology

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FromProto-Kuki-Chin*soom.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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sòm

  1. ten

References

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  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013),A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page48
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