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sole

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "sole"

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishsole,soule, fromOld Frenchsol,soul(“alone”), fromLatinsōlus(“alone, single, solitary, lonely”). Ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*swé(reflexive pronoun). Perhaps related to OldLatinsollus(“whole, complete”), fromProto-Indo-European*solh₂-(“safe, healthy”). More atsave.

Adjective

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sole (notcomparable)

  1. Only.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:sole
    • 1905, H. G. Wells,The Empire of the Ants:
      He saw now clearly that thesole crew of the vessel was these two dead men, and though he could not see their faces, he saw by their outstretched hands, which were all of ragged flesh, that they had been subjected to some strange exceptional process of decay.
  2. (law)Unmarried (especially of a woman);widowed.
    Synonym:lone
  3. Unique;unsurpassed.
    Thesole brilliance of this gem.
  4. With independent power;unfettered.
    Asole authority.
Derived terms
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Translations
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only
unmarried; widowed

Etymology 2

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The sole (1) of a boy's foot
The sole (2) of a shoe

FromMiddle Englishsole,soole, fromOld Englishsole,solu. Reinforced byAnglo-Normansole,Old Frenchsole, fromVulgar Latin*sola(“bottom of the shoe”, also “flatfish”), fromLatinsolea(“sandal, bottom of the shoe”), fromProto-Indo-European*swol-(“sole”). Cognate withDutchzool(“sole, tread”),GermanSohle(“sole, insole, bottom, floor”),Danishsål(“sole”),Icelandicsóli(“sole, outsole”),Gothic𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰(sulja,“sandal”). Related toLatinsolum(“bottom, ground, soil”). More atsoil.

Compare typologically Russianпо́чва(póčva) akin toподо́шва(podóšva).

Alternative forms

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Noun

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sole (pluralsoles)

  2. (anatomy) Thebottom orplantar surface of the foot.
    Synonym:(medical term)planta
  4. (footwear) The bottom of ashoe orboot.
    • 1727,John Arbuthnot,Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations,page147:
      TheCaliga was a military Shoe, with a very thickSole, tied above the instep with leather Thongs.
  6. (obsolete) Thefoot itself.
  8. (zoology)Solea solea, aflatfish of the familySoleidae; atrue sole.
    • 1952,Nikos Kazantzakis, chapter 1, in Carl Wildman, transl.,Zorba the Greek, New York, N.Y.:Simon & Schuster, translation ofΒίος και πολιτεία του Αλέξη Ζορμπά [Víos kai politeía tou Aléxi Zormpá],→ISBN,page 3:
      The fishermen crowding in the cafés were also waiting for the end of the storm, when the fish, reassured, would rise to the surface after the bait.Soles, hog fish and skate were returning from their nocturnal expeditions. Day was now breaking.
  10. (by extension) A flatfish resembling those of the familySoleidae.
  11. The bottom or lower part of anything, or that on which anything rests in standing.
    1. The bottom of the body of aplough; theslade.
    2. The bottom of afurrow.
    3. The end section of thechanter of a set ofbagpipes.
    5. The horny substance under a horse's foot, which protects the more tender parts.
      Coordinate term:frog
    6. (military) The bottom of anembrasure.
    7. (nautical) A piece oftimber attached to the lower part of therudder, to make it even with thefalse keel.
      • 1842,The Nautical Magazine:
        The rudder remains to be repaired, and is unshipped for the purpose; thesole of it is entirely gone
    8. (nautical) The floor inside the cabin of ayacht orboat
  12. (mining) The seat or bottom of a mine; applied to horizontal veins or lodes.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Translations
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bottom of the foot
bottom of a shoe or boot
fish

Verb

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sole (third-person singular simple presentsoles,present participlesoling,simple past and past participlesoled)

  1. (transitive) To put a sole on a shoe or a boot.
Derived terms
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Translations
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put a sole on (a shoe or boot)

Etymology 3

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FromMiddle Englishsole,soole, fromOld Englishsāl(“a rope, cord, line, bond, rein, door-hinge, necklace, collar”), fromProto-Germanic*sailą,*sailaz(“rope, cable”),*sailō(“noose, rein, bondage”), fromProto-Indo-European*sey-(“to tie to, tie together”). Cognate withScotssale,saile(“halter, collar”),Dutchzeel(“rope, cord, strap”),GermanSeil(“rope, cable, wire”),Icelandicseil(“a string, line”). Non-Germanic cognates includeAlbaniandell(“sinew, vein”).

Noun

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sole (pluralsoles)

  1. (dialectal or obsolete) A woodenband oryoke put around the neck of anox orcow in the stall.

Etymology 4

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FromMiddle Englishsol, fromOld Englishsol(“mire, miry place”), fromProto-Germanic*sulą(“mire, wallow, mud”), fromProto-Indo-European*sūl-(“thick liquid”). Cognate withSaterland Frisiansoal(“ditch”),Dutchsol(“water and mud filled pit”),GermanSuhle(“mire, wallow”),Norwegiansaula,søyla(“mud puddle”). More atsoil.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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sole (pluralsoles)

  1. (dialectal, Northern England) Apond orpool; a dirty pond of standing water.

Etymology 5

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From earliersowle(“to pull by the ear”). Origin unknown. Perhaps fromsow(“female pig”) +‎-le, as in the phrase "take a sow by the wrong ear", or fromMiddle Englishsole(“rope”). See above.

Alternative forms

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Verb

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sole (third-person singular simple presentsoles,present participlesoling,simple past and past participlesoled)

  1. (transitive, UK dialectal) Topull by the ears; to pull about;haul;lug.

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Noun

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sole

  1. plural ofsool

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sole

  1. masculinesingularpresenttransgressive ofsolit

Danish

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Etymology

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sol +‎-e, fromsol.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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sole (imperativesol,infinitiveatsole,present tensesoler,past tensesolede,perfect tensesolet)

  1. (rare) to expose something to thesun
  2. (reflexive) tobask in thesun; tosunbathe
    1. (reflexive, figurative) to enjoysuccess andadmiration of others

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofsole
activepassive
presentsoler—
pastsolede—
infinitivesole—
imperativesol—
participle
present-
pastsolet
(auxiliary verbhave)
gerund—

Noun

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sole c

  1. indefiniteplural ofsol

References

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Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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sole

  1. solely

Related terms

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French

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Etymology

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Inherited fromVulgar Latin*sola, fromLatinsolea.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sole f (pluralsoles)

  1. (ichthyology)sole(fish)
  2. sole, the bottom of a hoof
  3. (carpentry)sole, a piece of timber, ajoist
  4. (agriculture) a piece of land devoted tocrop rotation

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Galician

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Verb

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sole

  1. inflection ofsolar:
    1. first/third-personsingularpresentsubjunctive
    2. third-personsingularimperative

Hawaiian Creole

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Etymology

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FromSamoansole(“man, dude, friend”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sole

  1. (informal) a person of (usually local)Samoan descent
    What's upsole.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Italian

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ItalianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediait
ItalianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediait
Rappresentazione delsole – Depiction of thesun

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈso.le/
  • Rhymes:-ole
  • Hyphenation:só‧le

Etymology 1

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FromSole, fromLatinsōlem, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*sóh₂wl̥. Cognates includeGreekήλιος(ílios),Icelandicsól,Hindiसूर्य(sūrya), andRussianсо́лнце(sólnce).

Noun

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sole m (pluralsoli,diminutive(colloquial)solicèlloor(uncommon)solicìno)

  1. sun
  2. (colloquial, astronomy)star
    Synonym:stella
  3. (heraldry)sun(a star in heraldry)
  4. (alchemy)gold
    Synonym:oro
  5. sunlight
    • 1807,Ugo Foscolo,Dei Sepolcri‎[1], Florence: Molini, Landi e comp., published1809,page20:
      E tu onore di pianti, Ettore, avrai /[…] finché ilSole / Risplenderà sulle sciagure umane.
      And you, Hector, will be honored with cryings […] as long as theSun will shine on the misfortunes of mankind.
  6. (poetic)daytime,day(the interval between sunrise and sunset)
    • 1504,Jacopo Sannazaro,Arcadia‎[2]; republished Venice,1553,page66:
      quattroSoli & altre tante Lune il mio corpo ne da cibo ne da ſonno fu riconfortato
      [quattrosoli e altrettante lune il mio corpo né da cibo né da sonno fu riconfortato]
      for fourdays and as many nights, my body hadn't been comforted by either food or sleep
    • 1516–1532,Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto 35”, inOrlando furioso,stanza 40; republished as Santorre Debenedetti, editor, Bari: Laterza,1928:
      poi disse: — Andiamo; — e nel seguentesole / giunsero al fiume
      He then said "Let us go"; and in the followingday they reached the river
    • 1575,Torquato Tasso, “Canto 19”, inGerusalemme liberata,stanza 50; republished asLa Gerusalemme liberata di Torquato Tasso, Paris: Agostino Delalain; Pietro Durand; Gio. Claudio Molini,1771:
      Goffredo alloggia nella terra, e vuole / Rinnovar poi l’assalto al novoSole.
      Within the land Godfrey would lodge that night, and with theday renew the assault.
    • 1810 [c. 8th centuryBCE], “Libro XIX”, inVincenzo Monti, transl.,Iliade, translation ofῙ̓λιάς(Īliás,Iliad) byHomer (in Epic Greek), lines223–224; republished asIliade di Omero‎[3], 4th edition, Milan: Società tipografica dei classici italiani,1825:
      Intero unsole al lagrimar si doni, / Poi con coraggio, chi morì s’intombi
      An entireday shall be dedicated to mourning; then, with bravery, the dead shall be buried
  7. (poetic)year
    • 1300s–1310s,Dante Alighieri, “Canto VI”, inInferno [Hell], lines67–69; republished asGiorgio Petrocchi, editor,La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2nd revised edition, Florence:publ.Le Lettere,1994:
      Poi appresso convien che questa caggia / infra tresoli, e che l’altra sormonti / con la forza di tal che testé piaggia.
      Then, afterwards, this one shall fall within threeyears, and the other one shall rise again, by the force of him who now takes no stance.
  8. (poetic, in theplural)eyes
    • 1516–1532,Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto 7”, inOrlando furioso,stanza 12; republished as Santorre Debenedetti, editor, Bari: Laterza,1928:
      Sotto duo negri e sottilissimi archi / son duo negri occhi, anzi duo chiarisoli
      Below two thin, black eyebrows are two black eyes; nay, two brightsuns
Related terms
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See also

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Further reading

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  • sole inDizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
  • sole inCollins Italian-English Dictionary
  • sole in Treccani.it –Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Adjective

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sole

  1. feminineplural ofsolo

Noun

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sole f

  1. plural ofsola

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology 1

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Seesōl.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sōle m

  1. ablativesingular ofsōl(“a Sun”)

Etymology 2

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Seesōlus.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sōle

  1. vocativemasculinesingular ofsōlus

Neapolitan

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatinsōlem.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sole m

  1. Sun
    Steva chiuvenno, po' è asciuto 'osole. ―It was raining, then thesun came out.

References

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  • AIS:Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] –map 360: “si leva il sole” – onnavigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

Norman

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Etymology

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FromVulgar Latin*sola, fromLatinsolea.

Noun

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sole f (pluralsoles)

  1. sole(fish)

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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Probably from the nounsol

Verb

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sole (imperativesol,present tensesoler,passive-,simple pastsolaorsoletorsolte,past participlesolaorsoletorsolt,present participlesolende)

  1. (reflexive, soleseg) tosunbathe,sun oneself,bask(also figurative)

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norsesóli m, fromLatinsolum(“bottom, ground”).

Noun

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sole m (definite singularsolen,indefinite pluralsolar,definite pluralsolane)

  1. (anatomy) asole(bottom orplantar surface of the foot)
  2. (footwear) asole(bottom of ashoe orboot)
Derived terms
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Verb

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sole (present tensesolar,past tensesola,past participlesola,passive infinitivesolast,present participlesolande,imperativesole/sol)

  1. to apply asole to footwear
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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See also

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Etymology 2

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From the nounsol f(“sun”).

Alternative forms

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Verb

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sole (present tensesolar,past tensesola,past participlesola,passive infinitivesolast,present participlesolande,imperativesole/sol)

  1. (reflexive) tosunbathe
  2. (reflexive, figurative) tobask
  3. (transitive) toexpose to thesun
Derived terms
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References

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Anagrams

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Old English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinsolea, fromsolum(“bottom, base”), ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*swol-.

Noun

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sole f

  1. sole
  2. shoe,sandal

Declension

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Weakn-stem:

singularplural
nominativesolesolan
accusativesolansolan
genitivesolansolena
dativesolansolum

Descendants

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References

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Old French

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Adjective

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sole f

  1. oblique/nominativefemininesingular ofsol

Polish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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sole

  1. nominative/accusative/vocativeplural ofsól

Noun

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sole

  1. nominative/accusative/vocativeplural ofsola

Noun

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sole

  1. nominative/accusative/vocativeplural ofsol

Portuguese

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Verb

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sole

  1. inflection ofsolar:
    1. first/third-personsingularpresentsubjunctive
    2. third-personsingularimperative

Serbo-Croatian

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Verb

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sole (Cyrillic spellingсоле)

  1. third-personpluralpresent ofsoliti
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